Fixation orale
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Fixation orale
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— August 30, 2021
in Education Life
What is oral fixation in psychology?
Why do babies have an oral fixation?
Some children have an oral fixation due to being weaned too early or too late in the infant oral stage (with bottle, breast or pacifier). Other children may be under-sensitive (hypersensitive) in their mouths and have a need or craving for more oral stimulation that they get by sucking or chewing on non-food items.
Oral Fixation: The oral stage , spanning from birth to 21 months, is when the infant’s pleasure centers are situated around the lips and the mouth. The first ‘love-object’ of this stage is the mother’s breast, where libidinal gratification is first granted in the pleasures of feeding. Enjoyment is further sought in the baby’s oral exploration of his or her environment, i.e. sticking things in his or her mouth, or in auto-erotic behaviors, i.e. thumb-sucking.
The key developmental experiences of this stage, where the dangers of later fixation are very prevalent, are the process of weaning, the gradual withdrawal of the child from his or her mother’s breast, and the supply of milk. As well as being the child’s first experience of loss, weaning is also a key moment in the human development of self-awareness, independence, and trust. Weaning teaches a child that it does not have full control over its environment and he or she experiences the necessary limit of the self and the pleasure. The duration of this oral stage depends very much on the child-rearing traditions of the mother’s society and when it is believed weaning should begin.
Why does Sherlock Holmes always have a pipe in his mouth? What is it with businessmen and fat cigars? Why is Penny Pingleton constantly sucking on lollipops in Hairspray ? A possible answer to all these questions may be found in Sigmund Freud’s theories of psychosexual development and the concept of an oral fixation.
According to Freud, the human personality begins its rapid development immediately from birth and is almost completely determined by the age of five. During this period, development is driven by an instinctual sexual appetite (the libido) that focuses its energies upon particular erogenous zones.
Human beings are, as Freud puts it, polymorphously perverse, meaning that infants will seek to derive pleasure from many different parts of their bodies. Freud, therefore, divides human development into five psychosexual stages, each one characterized by the erogenous zone towards which the libido focuses its desires. The five stages are the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genital. If a desire is either under- or over-satiated during its corresponding developmental stage, fixation can occur.
Freud proposed that if there is any thwarting of the infant’s libidinal desires in the oral stage, i.e. if the child’s breastfeeding is neglected or over-provided, or if he or she is weaned too late or too early, he or she may become orally-fixated as an adult. This oral fixation can manifest itself in a number of ways. It may result in a desire for constant oral stimulation such as through eating, smoking, alcoholism, nail-biting, or thumb-sucking.
A fixation is a persistent focus of the id’s pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier stage of psychosexual development. These fixations occur when an issue or conflict in a psychosexual stage remains unresolved, leaving the individual focused on this stage and unable to move onto the next. For example, individuals with oral fixations may have problems with drinking, smoking, eating, or nail-biting.
How does personality develop? According to the famous psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, children go through a series of psychosexual stages that lead to the development of the adult personality. His theory described how personality developed over the course of childhood. While the theory is well-known in psychology, it has always been quite controversial, both during Freud’s time and in modern psychology.
One important thing to note is that contemporary psychoanalytic theories of personality development have incorporated and emphasized ideas about internalized relationships and interactions and the complex ways in which we maintain our sense of self into the models that began with Freud.
A fixation is a persistent focus on an earlier psychosexual stage. Until this conflict is resolved, the individual will remain “stuck” in this stage. A person who is fixated at the oral stage, for example, maybe over-dependent on others and may seek oral stimulation through smoking, drinking, or eating.
Thus, as a simple fact about oral fixation psychology, it is linked to being deprived during the oral stage. This condition may involve almost anything being placed in the mouth . Thus, whatever that thing is, when the usage gets out of control, it will lead to harming one’s health.
An oral fixation (also oral craving ) is a fixation in the oral stage of development and manifested by an obsession with stimulating the mouth (oral), first described by Sigmund Freud.
Infants are naturally and adaptively in an oral stage, but if weaned too early or too late, there may be a subsequent failure to resolve the conflicts of this stage and to develop a maladaptive oral fixation. In later life, these people may constantly “hunger” for activities involving the mouth.
Oral fixations are considered to contribute to over-eating, being overly talkative, smoking addictions and alcoholism (known as “oral dependent” qualities). Other symptoms include a sarcastic or “biting” personality (known as “oral sadistic” qualities).
Critics of Freud’s theories doubt that such a thing as “oral fixation” can explain adult behaviors and that subscribing to this simplistic explanation can prevent the exploration of other possible causes that may occur. Even psychoanalytically oriented practitioners have broadened their understandings of fixations beyond simple stage theory.
The psychoanalytic theory suggested that personality is mostly established by the age of five. Early experiences play a large role in personality development and continue to influence behavior later in life.
Each stage of development is marked by conflicts that can help build growth or stifle development, depending upon how they are resolved. If these psychosexual stages are completed successfully, a healthy personality is a result.
If certain issues are not resolved at the appropriate stage, fixations can occur. A fixation is a persistent focus on an earlier psychosexual stage. Until this conflict is resolved, the individual will remain “stuck” in this stage.
A person who is fixated at the oral stage, for example, maybe over-dependent on others and may seek oral stimulation through smoking, drinking, or eating.
During the anal stage, Freud believed that the primary focus of the libido was on controlling bladder and bowel movements. The major conflict at this stage is toilet training–the child has to learn to control his or her bodily needs. Developing this control leads to a sense of accomplishment and independence.
According to Freud, success at this stage is dependent upon the way in which parents approach toilet training. Parents who utilize praise and rewards for using the toilet at the appropriate time encourage positive outcomes and help children feel capable and productive. Freud believed that positive experiences during this stage served as the basis for people to become competent, productive, and creative adults.
However, not all parents provide the support and encouragement that children need during this stage. Some parents instead punish ridicule, or shame a child for accidents.
According to Freud, inappropriate parental responses can result in negative outcomes. If parents take an approach that is too lenient, Freud suggested that an anal-expulsive personality could develop in which the individual has a messy, wasteful, or destructive personality. If parents are too strict or begin toilet training too early, Freud believed that an anal-retentive personality develops in which the individual is stringent, orderly, rigid, and obsessive.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Topics referred to by the same term
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Oral fixation . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
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The seven-headed beast from the hard-scrabble streets of Menilmontant,Les Sans Culottes borrowed their name from the ill-clad (yet long-trousered) citizen soldiers of the French Revolution. LSC have stood alone atop the storm-blasted heath of French Pop music in Brooklyn since 1998. While long regarded as a French supergroup who migrated from the Left Bank to Brooklyn the band actually formed in the mid-nineties at the Rhode Island school of Design. Les Sans Culottes new release Fixation Orale brings the Paris hailing band back with the sound that has been described as Tristan Tzara and Little Richard in a knife fight or Kim Fowley and Serge Gainsbourg in a game of 20 questions. Fixation Orale is a 12-song release that was produced by Michael Andrews (Donnie Darko fame).Standard Jewel Case.
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