First Sex Change

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First Sex Change
Home » famous » First sex change in 1950 when George became Christine
There are a number of species of fish that are able to change their gender. Male fish often take care of the young but in the gender-adapting fish the leading male will change into a female when a larger male moves into the group. The gender change takes between 4 and 10 days. If the larger male moves on again the other one will change gender again.
It is thought that the male great white shark also changes gender when it gets older, possibly as a way to ensure the life of the species.
Not much such luck if you’re an ugly bloke without a job and think you might do better as a woman. Gender-changing operations are expensive. Rather keep looking for a job. After all, even though they’re not oil paintings there are some guys who managed to make a lot of money basically out of thin air.
It was not the first such operation: in 1930, German doctor Magnus Hirschfeld removed the testicles of Einar Mogens Wegener, who would become Lili Elbe . Further operations were performed by Dr. Kurt Warnekros in attempt to transplant ovaries and a uterus but Lili’s body rejected the transplants and she died in 1931.
It is important to note that Lili was intersexual, meaning she had both male and female biological characteristics.
The first successful human sex change took place in 1950 when Danish doctor Christian Hamburger changed GI New Yorker George William Jorgensen into Christine Jorgensen .
Christine Jorgensen 1954. Img Wikipedia
01/20/2010. Category: famous . Tags: sex change , transgender .
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She had a career in Hollywood - here she is with Roger Moore in 1960
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By Chloe Hadjimatheou BBC World Service
News of a pioneering sex change operation, one of the first involving both surgery and hormone therapy, was announced in 1952 - exactly 60 years ago this weekend.
"Ex-GI becomes blonde beauty!" screamed one headline as newspapers in the United States broke the news.
George Jorgensen, a quiet New Yorker, shocked a nation by returning from a trip to Denmark transformed into the glamorous Christine.
As the slender, blonde 27-year-old woman wrapped in a fur coat stepped out of the plane on to the tarmac in New York, her long eyelashes, high cheekbones and full red lips betrayed little of the shy man she had once been.
Jorgensen grew up in the Bronx, a happy child in a large close-knit family.
As a teenager he became convinced he was trapped in the wrong body.
"In photographs from the time Jorgensen looks like a very gay man, which would have been a problem," says Teit Ritzau, a Danish doctor and documentary maker who got to know Christine Jorgensen when he made a film about her in the 1980s.
"The young Jorgensen never identified himself with homosexuality but rather as a woman who happened to be in a man's body," he says.
In her autobiography Jorgensen says that, while she was still living as George, despite being attracted to men she felt physically sick when a man propositioned her.
But in the late 1940s, during a short stint in the US military, Jorgensen came across an article about a Danish doctor, Christian Hamburger, who was experimenting with gender therapy by testing hormones on animals. She began to hope Hamburger would provide the solution to her problem.
Jorgensen's parents were both Danish-born so with family connections making it an easy trip to justify, in 1950 she headed to Copenhagen without telling anyone about her real intentions.
"I was a bit nervous because there were too many people at that period who insisted I was crazy," Jorgensen recalled in an interview years after her transformation.
Jorgensen explains her difficulty finding a man in a BBC interview in 1970
"But Dr Hamburger didn't feel there was anything particularly strange about it."
Hamburger was the first physician to diagnose Jorgensen as transsexual.
The first step towards becoming a woman was a long course of female hormones. Hamburger encouraged Jorgensen, for the first time, to take on a female identity and begin dressing as a woman in public.
As the hormones began to take effect, Hamburger noted the changes in his patient .
"The first sign was an increase in size of the mammary glands and then hair began to grow where the patient had a bald patch on the temple," he later said. "Finally the whole body changed from a male to a female shape."
Jorgensen was also assessed by a psychologist, Dr Georg Sturup, who accepted the strength of her conviction that she wanted to proceed with sex reassignment surgery.
As a result, Sturup successfully petitioned the Danish government to change the law to allow castration for the purposes of the operation.
Finally, after more than a year of hormone therapy, Jorgensen went under the knife for the first of a series of operations that would attempt to change her genital organs from male to female.
Exactly what was done during these operations is unclear, but it is likely that Hamburger and his team followed the lead set by a group of surgeons several decades earlier.
The first attempt at a modern sex change operation most likely took place in Berlin in the 1930s on a patient known as Lili Elbe.
The surgery failed and Elbe died as a result of the last of her operations, but the medical notes from the experiment served as a starting point for the Danish team.
Today sexual reassignment surgery involves making an incision in the scrotum and pulling nerve endings from the penis inside the body to design a vagina but this form of penile-inversion surgery was not invented until several years after Jorgensen's operation.
"Apparently the surgery was successful enough for Jorgensen to feel satisfied," says documentary maker Teit Ritzau.
"There seemed to be no complications and no side-effects from the treatment, which is quite amazing when you think about how primitive things were at the time."
Christine Jorgensen refused to be drawn on the details of her new anatomy, or how closely it resembled that of a naturally born woman, but in interviews she did touch on the subject in general terms.
"Everyone is both sexes in varying degrees. I am more of a woman than a man… Of course I can never have children but this does not mean that I cannot have natural sexual intercourse - I am very much in the position right now of a woman who has a hysterectomy," she said in 1958.
After the procedure, Christine wrote to her parents back in New York: "Nature made a mistake which I have had corrected, and now I am your daughter."
Her family seemed to be very supportive of her decision and she later said her mother had always known her son had been different.
On her return to the US, Jorgensen was greeted with curiosity, fascination and respect by both the media and the public. There was relatively little hostility.
Hollywood embraced her. Theatre and film contracts began to roll in, she was invited to all the most glamorous parties and even crowned Woman of the Year by the Scandinavian Society in New York.
"I guess they all want to take a peek," Jorgensen once said.
Throughout the 1960s and 70s she made a comfortable living, touring the country singing and doing impressions in her own show.
She was less successful in her personal life. Her first serious relationship broke down soon after their engagement. The next went as far as the register office, only for Jorgensen to be refused a marriage licence when she pulled out a man's birth certificate.
"I haven't found the right fella yet," she told ever-curious reporters.
Ritzau believes that, overall, she was a very contented person, despite her apparent loneliness.
"There had been ups and downs and I think she had a little problem with alcohol, but in the end she was very straightforward, and she told me that the best company she had was herself," he recalls.
Jorgensen died of cancer at the age of 62, in 1989.
Just a few years before her death, she travelled back to Denmark for a reunion with the doctors who had helped her through her transformation. Speaking to the media, she acknowledged the milestone her case represented.
"We didn't start the sexual revolution but I think we gave it a good kick in the pants!"
Christine Jorgensen is the subject of today's edition of Witness on BBC World Service . You can listen to the programme, download a podcast, and browse the Witness archive here .
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The first sex-change operation was performed in the 1970s in the Soviet Union, but the medical achievement was kept in secret for 20 years.

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Professor, Director of Riga Hospital of Traumatology and Orthopedics Viktor Kalnberz, 1978. Source: Tichonov / RIA Novosti
In
the winter of 1968, a fetching brunette sauntered into the office of Viktor
Kalnberz, a surgeon from Riga.
“I
know you will try to dissuade me,” she told the doctor. “Please don’t. There is
no point. I have no doubt whatsoever that nature made a mistake when it created
me a woman. I am asking you to correct that mistake."
In
November 1972 the patient left the clinic — with the body of a male, and a new
ID. That was the first successfully completed sex change operation, not just in
the Soviet Union, and in the world. But the decision to perform the first sex change operation involved not only
medical specialists and psychiatrists, but Soviet leadership.
Four
similar operations had been performed before, but they produced hermaphrodites
rather than the opposite sex. Nevertheless, instead of recognition Kalnberz
nearly lost his job and was a step away from prison.
Sex change operations were
not the only sensitive medical area he pioneered. He also invented a penis
prosthesis technology, which was completely unique at the time. His invention
brought relief to many Soviet men who had trouble performing in bed, but
treating impotence did not sit well with Soviet ideology.
Kalnberz
said he knows very little about what happened to his female-turned-male patient
after he left the clinic. He does not even know the patient’s new name; all he
can say is that it was Inna when she first came to the clinic.
“He
was very afraid that people would learn about the operation. That is why when
they gave him his new ID and other documents, I asked him not to give me his
surname or address. I don’t even know his phone number. The only thing I asked
of him was to give me a ring every now and then, and tell me about his
condition. The last time I heard from him was more than five years ago. He was
just under 70 at the time," the doctor said.
Inna
was just under 30 when she walked into Kalnberz’s office. He was the head of
the Latvian Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics at the time, and she was
a talented and promising engineer, her loving parents' only child, and considered
a pretty woman.
“I
have been certain from early childhood that I am a boy,” Inna wrote in a letter
to Kalnberz. “I have always had purely masculine interests and aspirations,
which have gradually driven me away from other people and left me unable to have
friends or start a family. When I was 12, I first fell in love — with a woman.
That feeling made it painfully clear to me how hopeless my situation was … I
have never had any hope that one happy day, someone would free me of the need
always to wear a mask, to wear clothes I despise, and to feel ashamed of myself
even when I am with my close relatives. I am now 30 years old. And even if, by
some miracle, I were to feel an attraction to a man, it would be completely
impossible for me to rearrange my entire life, learn to perform womanly duties,
or acquire womanly habits, which I have a very vague idea of. I would rather
hang myself than do all those things.”
Kalnberz
said that at the time, he had already performed surgery on several people born
hermaphrodites. “My program of treating men who became impotent due to injury
was also becoming increasingly well-known. On the whole, operations of that
kind were not exactly groundbreaking,” he said.
By
the time Inna came to see Kalnberz, she had already made three suicide
attempts; one of them was over her unrequited love for another woman.
A
lot of time had passed before Dr. Kalnberz was finally able to perform a
surgery on Inna.
“I
had a lot of sympathy for her plight, but the decision was not only up to
me," he explained. “A medical council was convened; there was an
endocrinologist, a sexopathologist, a gynecologist, and a psychiatrist on the
panel. They all agreed that conservative treatment methods were very unlikely
to succeed in this case. The head of the Latvian republic’s health ministry had
the last word. He gave us the permission, but did not actually sign any
papers."
While
the bureaucratic procedure was dragging on, Kalnberz was trying to glean as
much information as he could about similar operations in other countries. It
turned out that there had been only four such surgeries; the last one was done
in Czechoslovakia. From the medical point, however, that operation was
incomplete; the patient was left both male and female at the same time.
Dr.
Kalnberz also said he was reluctant to perform the surgery, realizing that he
would need to change something ordained by nature.
Two
years passed before the surgeon received the final go-ahead for the operation
from the authorities. On September 17, 1970, Inna was brought to the operating
room. Her transformation from a woman to a man was done in several stages.
Today,
thanks to the latest advances in microsurgery, such an operation would have
been done in one go. Kalnberz said that at the time, it was very difficult to
keep the experimental operation secret.
Having
become a man, the patient did his best to emphasize his masculine appearance
and to behave in a distinctly masculine way. His voice became much lower thanks
to hormonal therapy.
"He
wore trousers. He also took to visiting the hospital's garage, where he became
friends with the drivers,” Kalnberz recalled. "He liked swearing, smoking
and drinking in male company.”
The
patient spent the rest of his life working as an engineer. He was married
twice. When his wives asked him about his scars left from the operation, he
would blame them on a car accident.
Kalnberz,
meanwhile, had to go through several inquiries, which could have completely
ruined his career and his entire life. Luckily, he got off with a stern
reprimand. The surgery he had performed on Inna was kept secret for 20 years.

He finally retired at the age of 80. The so-called intimate surgeries were just
one of his areas of specialization. He treated Russian cosmonauts, and made one
female patient’s shortened leg longer by a whopping 60 centimeters (24 inches).
But every reference book always lists the unique sex-change operation he
pioneered.
Kalnberz
said he believed that sex change is being taken too lightly today.
“I
am simply horrified by the situation,” he admitted. “There are no restrictions,
no controls — as soon as someone starts feeling an attraction to a same-sex
partner, he or she is free to run to a surgeon and demand an operation. And the
surgeon is ready to do it, provided that the patient has enough money to pay.
But I have to say that for some people, such an operation is the only option. I
mean, for example, those afflicted by 'malignant' trans-sexualism. I have
performed five such operations in my life. And I am confident that in all five
cases, such an operation was a vital necessity for the patient."
First published in Russian in Moskovsky Komsomolets .

All rights reserved by Rossiyskaya Gazeta.

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