First Lesbian
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First Lesbian
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^ Jump up to: a b Zimmerman, Bonnie, ed. (2000). "Symbols, Christy Stevens" . Lesbian Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia (1st ed.). Garland Publishing . p. 748. ISBN 0-8153-1920-7 .
^ Jump up to: a b Stearn, William T. (17 August 1961). "The Male and Female Symbols of Biology" . New Scientist . 11 (248): 412–413. LCCN 59030638 .
^ Myers, JoAnne (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage (1st ed.). Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press . p. 156. ISBN 978-0810845060 .
^ Mays, Dorothy A. (2004). Women in early America: struggle, survival, and freedom in a new world . ABC-CLIO. p. 232. ISBN 1-85109-429-6 .
^ Whitmore, William Henry (February 1995). The Colonial Laws of Massachusetts: Reprinted from the Edition of 1660, With the Supplements to 1672 : Containing Also, the Body of Liberties of . Fred B. Rothman &. ISBN 0-8377-2053-2 .
^ Foster, Thomas (2007). Long Before Stonewall: Histories of Same-Sex Sexuality in Early America. New York University Press.
^ "Amendment VIII: Thomas Jefferson, A Bill for Proportioning Crimes and Punishments" . Press-pubs.uchicago.edu . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ Abramson, HA (1980). "The historical and cultural spectra of homosexuality and their relationship to the fear of being a lesbian". The Journal of Asthma Research . 17 (4): 177–88. doi : 10.3109/02770908009105669 . PMID 7021523 .
^ "Timeline of Oppression" . Geneseo.edu. 1969-06-27. Archived from the original on 2013-12-07 . Retrieved 2013-12-03 .
^ Jump up to: a b Borris, Kenneth (December 19, 2003). Same-sex desire in the English Renaissance: a sourcebook of texts, 1470–1650 . Taylor & Frances. p. 113. ISBN 0-8153-3626-8 . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ "Legal case: Norman, Hammon; Plymouth, March 6, 1649" . Out History . Archived from the original on October 4, 2011.
^ Bullough, Vern; Bullough, Bonnie (1977). "Lesbianism in the 1920s and 1930s: A Newfound Study". Signs . 2 (4): 895–904. doi : 10.1086/493419 . PMID 21213641 . S2CID 145652567 .
^ Murphy, Timothy F. (2000). Reader's guide to lesbian and gay studies . Taylor & Frances. p. 93. ISBN 1579581420 . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ Moore, Clive (2001). Sunshine and rainbows: the development of gay and lesbian culture in Queensland . Univ. of Queensland Press. p. 17. ISBN 0702232084 .
^ "Sarah Orne Jewett" . Harvard Square Library . Archived from the original on August 19, 2010 . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ Brady, Jessica Bombasaro (2009). "Honoring Jane Addams a WILPF commitment to gay rights" . Peace and Freedom . 69 (1): 20–21.
^ Rapp, Linda (2012). "Cushman, Charlotte (1816-1876)" (PDF) . GLBTQ . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ Corinne, Tree A (2002). "Stebbins, Emma (1815-1882)" (PDF) . GLBTQ . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ Brockwell, Gillian (2019-06-20). "A gay first lady? Yes, we've already had one, and here are her love letters" . The Washington Post . Retrieved 2019-06-21 .
^ Lillian Faderman , Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth-Century America , Penguin Books Ltd, 1991, page 32
^ Solly, Meilan (2019-09-21). "New Book Chronicles First Lady Rose Cleveland's Love Affair With Evangeline Simpson Whipple" . Smithsonian . Retrieved 2019-06-21 .
^ Jump up to: a b Katz, Jonathan Ned (1992). Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A. (2nd ed.). New York: Meridian Books. p. 720 . ISBN 0-452-01092-6 .
^ O'Hare, Kate Richards (1923). "In prison" . New York: A.A. Knopf. Archived from the original on 2006-11-06 . Retrieved 2006-12-08 .
^ Bullough, Bonnie; Bullough, Vern (Summer 1977). "Lesbianism in the 1920s and 1930s: A Newfound Study". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society . University of Chicago. 2 (4): 895–904. doi : 10.1086/493419 . JSTOR 3173219 . PMID 21213641 . S2CID 145652567 .
^ Wood, Stacy; Cubé, Caroline. "Mildred Berryman papers 1918-1990" . oac.cdlib.org . University of California, Los Angeles.
^ Jump up to: a b c Quinn, D. Michael (1996). Same-Sex Dynamics among Nineteenth-Century Americans . University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0252022050 .
^ Anderson, J. Seth (29 May 2017). LGBT Salt Lake: Images of Modern America . Arcadia Publishing. p. 20. ISBN 9781467125857 .
^ Gallo, Marci M. (28 September 2007). Different Daughters: A History of the Daughters of Bilitis and the Rise of the Lesbian Rights Movement . Seal Press. ISBN 978-1580052528 . Unknown to them at the time was the work decades earlier of a pioneering lesbian researcher, Mildred (Berry) Berryman. Berryman and her life partner, Ruth ...
^ Bullough, Vern L. (20 November 2002). "Berry Berryman (1901–1972)" . Before Stonewall: Activists for Gay and Lesbian Rights in Historical Context . New York City: Harrington Park Press. ISBN 1560231939 .
^ Wilcox, Melissa M. (2006). "Same-Sex Eroticism and Gender Fluidity in New and Alternative Religions" . Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America: Volume 1: History and Controversies (1 ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 249. ISBN 0275987124 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 November 2017.
^ Jordan, Sara (March 1997). "Lesbian Mormon History" . affirmation.org . Affirmation: Gay & Lesbian Mormons. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014.
^ Jennings, Duane E. " 'Same-Sex Dynamics Among Nineteenth Century Americans: A Mormon Example' Book Review" . affirmation.org . Affirmation: LGBT Mormons, Families & Friends . Retrieved 7 November 2017 .
^ Boag, Peter (October 2002). "Departing from Deviance: A History of Homosexual Rights and Emancipatory Science in America (review)". Journal of the History of Sexuality . 11 (4): 693. doi : 10.1353/sex.2003.0030 . S2CID 142740704 .
^ Berkin, Carol; Miller, Christopher; Cherny, Robert; Gormly, James (2010). Making America: A History of the United States, Volume II: Since 1865 (Brief Fifth ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth Publishing. p. 545. ISBN 978-0618471416 .
^ Gattuso, Reina (September 3, 2019). "The Founder of America's Earliest Lesbian Bar Was Deported for Obscenity" . Atlas Obscura .
^ Griffin, Gabriele (June 16, 2004). Who's who in lesbian and gay writing . Taylor & Francis. p. 190. ISBN 0-415-15984-9 . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ Stone, Martha E. (2002). "Who were Miss Furr and Miss Skeene?" . The Gay & Lesbian Review Worldwide . Archived from the original on 2015-11-06.
^ Erika Holst (March 13, 2014). "Crossing boundaries: Springfield's other famous artist, Ethel Mars" . Illinois Times . Retrieved February 3, 2017 .
^ Mellow, James R. (December 1968). "The Stein Salon Was The First Museum of Modern Art; To a Name-Dropper the Stein Salon was Heaven" . The New York Times . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ Wickes, George (1976). The Amazon of Letters. New York: Putnam. ISBN 0-399-11864-0 .
^ O'Rourke, Rebecca (1989). Reflecting on The well of loneliness . Routledge. p. 121. ISBN 0415018412 .
^ "10 most hated books" . Free Online Library . June 24, 1997 . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Taylor, "I Made Up My Mind", passim .
^ Cline, 271.
^ "Customs Seeks to Bar 'Well of Loneliness' ". New York Times . 16 May 1929. p. 18.
^ " 'Well Of Loneliness' Held Not Offensive". New York Times . 27 July 1929. p. 11.
^ Jump up to: a b "Diana Frederics: Diana, A Strange Autobiography, 1939" . Out History . Archived from the original on July 27, 2011 . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ Jump up to: a b c Gallo, p. 67
^ Jump up to: a b "History Detectives: nvestigations – Diana" . PBS . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ Robert B. Marks Ridinger (2004). Speaking for our lives: historic speeches and rhetoric for gay and lesbian rights (1892–2000) . Psychology Press. p. 705. ISBN 1560231750 . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ Jump up to: a b "Lost Angeles" . GLBTQ . Archived from the original on June 29, 2011 . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ Patricia Juliana Smith (1999). The queer sixties . Routledge. ISBN 0-415-92168-6 . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ "A Brief History of Film Censorship in the USA" . National Coalition Against Censorship. December 1, 2006. Archived from the original on November 10, 2010 . Retrieved January 7, 2012 .
^ Jump up to: a b "Obama ends ban on openly gay military service" . Dawn.Com . Associated Press. 2011-07-23 . Retrieved 2012-11-06 .
^ Jump up to: a b Frances Ann Day Lesbian and gay voices: an annotated bibliography and guide to literature for children and young adults , Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000 ISBN 0313311625 p. 116
^ Jump up to: a b Craig A. Rimmerman Gay rights, military wrongs: political perspectives on lesbians and gays in the military , Garland Pub., 1996 ISBN 0815325800 p. 76
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Gallo, p. 28
^ Murdoch and Price, p. 47
^ Jump up to: a b Spring Fire (Lesbian Pulp Fiction) (9781573441872): Vin Packer: Books . Amazon.com. Retrieved on 2010-11-30.
^ "Lesbian Pulp Fiction Collection at Mount Saint Vincent University" . Mount Saint Vincent University . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ Highsmith, Patricia (aka Claire Morgan) (1952). "The Price of Salt". Internet Archive . OL 6111394M . {{ cite journal }} : Cite journal requires |journal= ( help )
^ Castle, Terry (May 23, 2006). "Pulp Valentine" . Slate . Retrieved 30 November 2010 .
^ Smith, Nathan (November 20, 2015). "Gay Syllabus: The Talented Patricia Highsmith" . Out Magazine . Retrieved 14 October 2019 .
^ Meaker, Marijane (2003). "One". Highsmith: A Romance of the 1950s (1st ed.). Cleis Press . p. 1 . ISBN 1573441716 . [ The Price of Salt ] was for many years the only lesbian novel, in either hard or soft cover, with a happy ending.
^ Jump up to: a b Varnell, Paul. "More Gays than Lesbians" . Independent Gay Forum . Archived from the original on July 24, 2010.
^ Howard, Josh (April 27, 2012). "April 27, 1953: For LGBT Americans, a Day That Lives in Infamy" . Huffpost . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ Jump up to: a b Valelly, Rick (October 1, 2018). "How Gay Rights Activists Remade the Federal Government" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on October 20, 2020 . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ Jump up to: a b "Lesbian activist who fought for marriage rights dies" . CNN.com. 2008-08-27 . Retrieved 2017-06-27 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Daughters of Bilitis" . GLBTQ . Archived from the original on June 29, 2011 . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ Capsuto, Steven (2000). Alternate Channels: The Uncensored Story of Gay and Lesbian Images on Radio and Television, pg. 43. Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-41243-5 .
^ Riordan, Kevin (Fall 2001)
^ Jump up to: a b c "Kay Lahusen" . Ncourageu.org . Retrieved 2013-12-03 .
^ Moffitt, Evan (31 May 2015). "10 Years Before Stonewall, There Was the Cooper's Donuts Riot" . Out Magazine . Here Media Inc . Retrieved 30 June 2017 .
^ Jump up to: a b c LGBT Civil Rights, UW Madison Archived 2010-06-21 at the Wayback Machine . Housing.wisc.edu (1969-06-28). Retrieved on 2010-11-30.
^ Jump up to: a b "Interview" . Gay Today . Retrieved 2012-11-06 .
^ "Gittings, Barbara (1932-2007)" . GLBTQ . Archived from the original on July 8, 2010 . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ "Homosexuals Stage Protest in Capital." New York Times : May 30, 1965. p. 42; retrieved October 16, 2007.
^ "Barbara Gittings" . Archived from the original on 2007-09-26. Glbt History Month; October 14, 2006; retrieved November 4, 2007.
^ "Archive of Influential Gay Rights Activists Barbara Gittings and Kay Tobin Lahusen acquired by The New York Public Library" . (Press Release). New York Public Library; retrieved November 4, 2007.
^ Koedt, Anne. "Lesbianism and Feminism" . Archived from the original on 2015-04-29.
^ Duberman, Martin (1993). Stonewall , Penguin Books. ISBN 0-525-93602-5 , p. 196.
^ Chu, Grace (2010-07-26). "An interview with lesbian Stonewall veteran Stormé DeLarverie | People, Celebrities, Actresses & Profiles Of Gay, Lesbian & Bisexual Women In Movies, TV Shows & Music" . AfterEllen.com . Retrieved 2010-08-01 .
^ Accounts of people who witnessed the scene, including letters and news reports of the woman who fought with police, conflicted. Where witnesses claim one woman who fought her treatment at the hands of the police caused the crowd to become angry, some also remembered several "butch lesbians" had begun to fight back while still in the bar. At least one was already bleeding when taken out of the bar (Carter, David (2004). Stonewall: The Riots that Sparked the Gay Revolution , St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-34269-1 , pp. 152–153). Craig Rodwell (in Duberman, p. 197) claims the arrest of the woman was not the primary event that triggered the violence, but one of several simultaneous occurrences: "there was just ... a flash of group—of mass—anger."
^ Carter, p. 152.
^ Carter, p. 151.
^ Duberman, Martin (1993). Stonewall . Dutton. ISBN 0-525-93602-5 .
^ D'Emilio, John (1983). Sexual politics, sexual communities : the making of a homosexual minority in the United States 1940-1970 . University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-14265-5 .
^ Gallo, Marcia (2006). Different daughters : a history of the Daughters of Bilitis and the rise of the Lesbian rights movement . New York: Carroll and Graf. ISBN 0-7867-1634-7 .
^ Love, Barbara J. Feminists Who Changed America, 1963-1975
^ Bonnie Zimmerman Lesbian histories and cultures: an encyclopedia , Garland Pub., 2000 ISBN 0815319207 p. 134
^ Vicki Lynn Eaklor Queer America: a GLBT history of the 20th century , ABC-CLIO, 2008 ISBN 0313337497 p. 145
^ Jump up to: a b Flora Davis Moving the mountain: the women's movement in America since 1960 , University of Illinois Press, 1999 ISBN 0-252-06782-7 p. 264
^ Cheshire Calhoun Feminism, the Family, and the Politics of the Closet: Lesbian and Gay Displacement , Oxford University Press, 2003 ISBN 0-19-925766-3 p. 27
^ Carolyn Zerbe Enns Feminist theories and feminist psychotherapies: origins, themes, and diversity , Routledge, 2004 ISBN 078901808X p. 105
^ Radicalesbians (1997), "The woman identified woman", in Nicholson, Linda (ed.), The second wave: a reader in feminist theory , New York: Routledge, pp. 153–157, ISBN 9780415917612 .
^ Jump up to: a b c Leading the Fight | National Organization for Women . NOW. Retrieved on 2014-07-25.
^ Jump up to: a b Friedan, Betty (2001). Life So Far: A Memoir . N.Y.: Simon & Schuster (Touchstone Book). p. 221. ISBN 0-7432-0024-1 .
^ Friedan, Betty. Life So Far , op. cit. Page 222.
^ Friedan, Betty. Life So Far , op. cit. Pp. 248–249.
^ Friedan, Betty. Life So Far , op. cit. Page 223.
^ Friedan, Betty. Life So Far , op. cit. Page 295.
^ Barbara J. Love (22 September 2006). Feminists Who Changed America, 1963-1975 . University of Illinois Press. pp. 161 –. ISBN 978-0-252-09747-8 .
^ Plan of Action . Lindagriffith.com (1978-01-15). Retrieved on 2014-07-25.
^ Belge, Kathy. "Del Martin" . About. Archived from the original on 2007-02-13 . Retrieved 2007-02-11 .
^ Audrey Bilger; Michele Kort (6 March 2012). Here Come the Brides!: Reflections on Lesbian Love and Marriage . Da Capo Press. pp. 438–. ISBN 978-1-58005-450-8 .
^ Rich, A . (1980). Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence . Signs, 5, 631–660.
^ Mark Blasius, Shane Phelan We are everywhere: a historical sourcebook in gay and lesbian politics , Routledge, 1997 ISBN 0-415-90859-0 p. 352
^ Vern L. Bullough Before Stonewall: activists for gay and lesbian rights in historical context , Routledge, 2002 ISBN 1-56023-193-9 p. 160
^ Jump up to: a b c Dudley Clendinen, Adam Nagourney Out for Good: The Struggle to Build a Gay Rights Movement in America , Simon & Schuster, 2001 ISBN 0684867435 , p. 104
^ Bonnie Zimmerman Lesbian histories and cultures: an encyclopedia Garland Pub., 2000 ISBN 0-8153-1920-7 , p. 322
^ Penny A. Weiss, Marilyn Friedman Feminism and community , Temple University Press, 1995 ISBN 1566392772 p. 131
^ By WILLIAM GRIMESSEPT. 21, 2010 (2010-09-21). "Jill Johnston, Avant-Garde Cultural Critic, Dies at 81 - The New York Times" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2017-06-27 .
^ Jump up to: a b c Gallo, p. 176
^ Jump up to: a b Nancy D. Polikoff Beyond straight and gay marriage: valuing all families under the law , Beacon Press, 2008 ISBN 0807044326 p. 38
^ "Death of a Gay Rights Pioneer" . The Washington Post . 2007-02-24.
^ Kershaw, Sarah (January 30, 2009). "My Sister's Keeper" . The New York Times . Retrieved June 30, 2017 .
^ King, Lori (August 16, 2015). "Womyn's Rite: Annual Michigan Fest roared for 40 years" . The Blade . Retrieved June 30, 2017 .
^ Gay Politicians . eQualityGiving. Retrieved on 2010-11-30.
^ Jump up to: a b "Noble, Elaine (b. 1944)" . GLBTQ . Archived from the original on October 30, 2007 . Retrieved April 2, 2021 .
^ "Elected Officials" . GLBTQ . Archived from the original on October 22, 2009.
^ The Lesbian in "Milk": Alison Pill as Anne Kronenberg | Movie Reviews, Celebrity Interviews & Film News About & For Gay, Lesbian & Bisexual Women Archived March 2, 2009, at the Wayback Machine . AfterEllen.com (2008-11-24). Retrieved on 2010-11-30.
^ Johnson, Chris (2008-11-21). "Harvey Milk's friends reminisce about gay hero" . Retrieved 2009-03-15 . [ dead link ]
^ The Resurrection of Harvey Milk | People Archived January 3, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . The Advocate. Retrieved on 2010-11-30.
^ "Guide to the Sally Miller Gearhart Papers 1956–1999" . Nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu . Retrieved 2013-12-03 .
^ Advocate Archives: 20 years ago - Briggs initiative defeated. - Free Online Library . Thefreelibrary.com. Retrieved on 2010-11-30.
^ Guide to the Sally Miller Gearhart Papers 1956-1999 Archived March 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . Nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu. Retrieved on 2010-11-30.
^ Ghaziani, Amin. 2008. "The Dividends of Dissent: How Conflict and Culture Work in Lesbian and Gay Marches on Washington". The University of Chicago Press.
^ Thomas, Jo (October 15, 1979). "Estimated 75,000 persons parade through Washington, DC, in homosexual rights march. Urge passage of legislation to protect rights of homosexuals". New York Times Abstracts . p. 14.
^ Ridinger, Robert B. Marks. Speaking for Our Lives: Historic Speeches and Rhetoric for Gay and Lesbian
^ Pasulka, Nicole (August 17, 2015). "The History of Lesbian Bars" . Vice . Retrieved 27 December 2019 .
^ Flanagan, Michael (March 18, 2018). "Café back in the day" . Bay Area Reporter . Retrieved 27 December 2019 .
^ Scott P. Anderson, "Cop Charged in Lesbian Bar Fracas",The Houston Advocate, May 3, 1
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