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The bisexual+ movement has a long, complex, and often hidden history. As a whole, the history of LGBTQ people is rarely taught comprehensively in schools, addressed in the media, or easily accessible within popular culture. For bisexual+ individuals, it's worse. The ubiquity of bisexual+ erasure seeps into history too; prominent bisexual+ individuals of the past are rarely remembered as bisexual+ (recalled as gay or lesbian instead) and the contributions of bisexuals+ to the broader LGBTQ movement are overlooked. Retelling a history that is inclusive of bisexual+ people is an important way to affirm the validity and importance of the bisexual+ experience. Therefore, this #BiWeek we're looking back at the history of the contemporary U.S. bisexual+ movement.
The word "bisexual" was first used to refer to a sexual attraction to both men and women by Charles Gilbert Chaddock in an 1892 translation of Richard von Krafft-Ebing's Psychopathia Sexualis . However, bisexuality was rarely openly discussed until the second half of the twentieth century due to the pervasive cultural stigma surrounding being gay.
Like the rest of the queer civil rights movement, bisexual political activism began to flourish in the 1960s. For example, bisexual activist Stephen Donaldson (also known as Donny the Punk) founded the first university-sanctioned gay student group, the Student Homophile League, at Columbia University. In 1969, a series of spontaneous and violent riots in response to the June 28 th police raid of the Stonewall Inn took place—commonly known as the Stonewall riots. The patrons of the bar, bisexuals included, followed Stonewall leaders such as Sylvia Rivera, Marsha P. Johnson, and Miss Major to the streets in order to fight for LGBTQ rights. Stonewall is considered by many LGBTQ historians to be the watershed moment of the modern fight for LGBTQ rights in the United States.
In response to Stonewall, bisexual activist Brenda Howard organized the Christopher Street Liberation Day March a month after the riots. A year later, Howard coordinated another march to commemorate the year anniversary of the Stonewall riots, thus beginning the longstanding tradition of pride parades each year. Because of this, she is often known as the "Mother of Pride." Today, the " Brenda Howard Memorial Award " is given by PFLAG Queens to celebrate advocates making a difference for the bisexual+ community. Brenda went on to found the New York Area Bisexual Network to coordinate resources for regional bi+ individuals. NYABN is still active.
Brenda Howard. Image credit: Efrain Gonzalez
Bisexual advocacy continued to rise in the 1970s. In 1972, the National Bisexual Liberation Group was founded in New York and issued the first bisexual newsletter, The Bisexual Expression , to its members. The longest surviving bisexual community center, the San Francisco Bisexual Center, opened its doors in 1975. In response to the first successful gay rights ordinance (co-authored by bisexual Alan Rockway), Anita Bryant launched a national anti-LGBTQ campaign. In response, The San Francisco Bisexual Center helped coordinate a press conference with lesbian activists Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon and pediatrician Dr. Benjamin Spock in 1977.
Alan Rockaway (left). Image credit: LGBT Health Link
While the bisexual community had been previously dominated by bisexual men, bisexual women began to organize spaces for themselves in the 1980s. For instance, the Boston Bisexual Women's Network was founded in 1983. Still active today, The Boston Bisexual Women's Network publishes the quarterly newsletter Bi Women , the oldest continually published bi women newsletter in the world.
The first bisexual political organization, BiPOL, was established in San Francisco in 1983. BiPOL, founded on feminist principles, became a major player in the bisexual movement. BiPOL sponsored the first Bisexual Rights Rally, which took place outside of the 1984 Democratic National Convention. BiPol advocate Dr. David Lourea successfully persuaded the San Francisco Department of Public Health to recognize bisexual men in their AIDS statistics, significantly increasing the discussion and resources dedicated to treatment and prevention of AIDS for bisexual men.
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As the 1980s continued and AIDS continued to devastate the LGBTQ community, AIDS activism and service became the main focus of the LGBTQ movement towards the end of the decade. The AIDS epidemic was especially significant for bisexuals because they were often unfairly blamed for spreading AIDS to their partners. Newsweek 's 1987 issue portrayed bisexual men as "the ultimate pariahs" of the AIDS epidemic.
A Newsweek magazine cover about the AIDS epidemic. Image credit: Newsweek
The 1990s were marked by efforts to include bisexuals as a represented group within the gay and lesbian community. As a result of BiPOL's nationwide lobbying efforts, bisexuals were successfully included on the platform of the 1993 March on Washington for Lesbian, Gay and Bi Equal Rights and Liberation. More than 1,000 people marched with the bisexual contingent, signifying a growing recognition of the bisexual community. Furthermore, the first large scale research study on bisexuality was conducted in 1993 by Ron Fox.
The concept of bisexual pride spread in the late 1990s. The Bisexual Pride flag was designed by Michael Page and unveiled in 1998. The inaugural Celebrate Bisexual Day, now sometimes referred to as Bi Visibility Day, was created by Wendy Curry, Michael Page, and Gigi Raven Wilbur in 1999 and continues to be celebrated every September 23 rd .
The Bisexual Pride flag. Image credit: Wikimedia Commons
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Today, more and more people are opening up about being part of the bisexual+ community. Bisexual+ people make up more than half of the LGBTQ community . Research also finds that a growing percentage of Americans experience attraction to or have beeing involved with individuals of more than one gender, even if they don’t identify as bisexual.
Present-day bisexual+ advocates define bisexuality to embrace all genders, including non-binary people. In the words of leading bi advocate Robyn Ochs, "I call myself bisexual because I acknowledge that I have in myself the potential to be attracted – romantically and/or sexually – to people of more than one sex and/or gender, not necessarily at the same time, not necessarily in the same way, and not necessarily to the same degree."
People are also using additional or alternative words to describe their identities under the bisexual+ umbrella, such as pansexual, fluid, and queer. People continue to come out as bisexual+ every day, bisexual+ leaders are at the forefront of the broader LGBTQ movement, and the visibility of the bisexual+ community has never been greater.
Looking forward, the future of the bisexual+ community is bright.
Learn more about bisexual+ history at BiNet USA . For more information about #BiWeek 2017, click here .
GLAAD rewrites the script for LGBTQ acceptance . As a dynamic media force, GLAAD tackles tough issues to shape the narrative and provoke dialogue that leads to cultural change.
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The Democrat is Arizona's first female senator and only the second openly LGBT person in the Senate.
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Kyrsten Sinema checked off a couple of firsts as she was sworn in as a senator on Thursday morning.
The Democrat from Arizona became the first openly bisexual person in the Senate, and she’s Arizona’s first female senator. She is also the second openly LGBT person to assume office in the chamber, after Sen. Tammy Baldwin (D-Wis.). Sinema defeated Republican Martha McSally in the November midterms to replace retired GOP Sen. Jeff Flake .
Sinema is no stranger to making history: In 2013 she became the country’s first openly bisexual member of Congress , serving in the House for six years. The newly minted senator was sworn in alongside Sens. Mitt Romney (R-Utah) and Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.).
Newly-elected senators, including former Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney, are sworn into Congress by Vice President Mike Pence. https://t.co/fBg4gwrQf2 WATCH LIVE: https://t.co/ddfsk7bjG4 pic.twitter.com/ylZgDK4pXA
Aside from her historic swearing-in, Sinema looked very chic, arriving in a pink faux-fur-trimmed coat with a polka-dotted pink purse, then sporting a gray faux fur stole for the ceremony. Twitter, of course, took notice.
“Kyrsten Sinema serving Elle Woods as she joins the Senate today is an energy we very much need to carry on through 2019,” one Twitter user wrote .
Another said her outfit was “an image for the ages,” tweeting , “So loved watching Kyrsten Sinema sworn in as Senator in totally fashion forward outfit with tight skirt, dour men around her looking completely flummoxed, like they’re in some strange new world they don’t understand. So true, and so deeply satisfying.”
Scroll below to see more reactions from Twitter users.
. @kyrstensinema sporting a pink ensemble today for her first day as a United States Senator pic.twitter.com/41dnAkAjAn
Kyrsten Sinema serving Elle Woods as she joins the Senate today is an energy we very much need to carry on through 2019.
can we talk about the incredibly weaponized femininity Kyrsten Sinema is bringing to the party for her swearing in
excited to transition into a kyrsten sinema look book account this year pic.twitter.com/BkB5Zl1RHc
Kyrsten Sinema looks amazing today. I’m so happy and proud of her. The first elected woman to represent Arizona in the U.S. Senate! 🇺🇸 pic.twitter.com/fbq8DuHZOq
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^ Hagger
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