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Filipinli kızlar Avrupa ve Arap ülkelerinde de trend. Evleneceksen İtaatkar, evinde çalışacaksa ucuz işçilik vs millet bıkmış tabi dırdırlardan. Özellikle ABD li kızlar oldukca erkeklere karşı oldukca hep bana bana ver modunda. You should have known that
30/06/2017 - 02/07/2017The "6th Kavala Air/Sea show" is planned to take place during the following dates: 30 June - 02 July 2017. It is an annual, free-to-public show of aerospace and naval demonstrations along the promenade of Kavala with its center being the City harbor «Saint Paul».The area, the Sky and the Sea until the island of Thasos shape an "amphitheatre" ...
Filipili yargıçlar, Elç. 16:35-40. Gallio, Elç. 18:12-17. Klavdius Lisias, Elç. 23:29. Feliks, Elç. 24. Porkius Festus, Elç. 24. II. Agrippa, Elç. 26 (özellikle 32. ayet) Publius, Elç. 28:7-10. Petrus'la Pavlus'un vaazlarını karşılaştırınca Pavlus'un yenilikçi değil de elçisel müjde hakikatlerinin sadık habercisi olduğu ...
This chapter lays out the basics of mood management theory and describes related empirical research. It also aims to pinpoint some gaps and inconsistencies in the existing evidence to inspire ...
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This chapter lays out the basics of mood management theory and describes related empirical research. It also aims to pinpoint some gaps and inconsistencies in the existing evidence to inspire future empirical work. For instance, many studies that have been linked to the mood management framework did not precisely look at moods or content choices as postulated by the theory, or they tested hypotheses that were not included in the original theoretical claim. On the other hand, some of the original suggestions have only rarely been investigated in rigorous terms. Furthermore, some recent advancement from studies on mood-based media choices and related motivations are discussed, especially inasmuch as they help to address challenges from empirical findings to the original theory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
... Specific hypotheses are posed for each mood-relevant characteristic dimension, predicting the impact of consumers' temporary affective states on their selective attentive engagement with different types of ads. First, regarding the relationship between consumers' affect and attention and engagement with ads with high versus low excitatory potential, research has indicated that, to maintain a pleasant state of excitation, individuals would be drawn to more exciting stimuli, while individuals in negative affective states would likely be drawn to more soothing stimuli (e.g., Knobloch-Westerwick 2006) . Thus, this study hypothesizes: H1: Consumers in the positive affective state will have greater tendency to be drawn to engage with more exciting ads than those in the negative affective state. ...
... Compared to rational appeals, emotional appeals are more absorbing and engaging and would have higher absorption potential to disrupt and alleviate bad moods (Lee and Hong 2016). Because prior literature indicates that individuals in a negative mood would be drawn to absorbing stimuli that could disrupt the rehearsal of thoughts related to the original mood, while those in a positive mood would be more likely drawn to nonabsorbing stimuli (e.g., Knobloch-Westerwick 2006) , the following hypothesis is offered: ...
... When semantic affinity is high, it would likely reinforce rehearsal of mood-related thoughts, which could noxiously contribute to a negative mood yet be more desirable for a positive mood. Consequently, individuals in a negative mood tend to disrupt the existing mood by selecting media content with minimal semantic affinity with the events inducing the negative mood, while those in a positive mood might seek to maintain prior mood by seeking media content with high semantic affinity (e.g., Knobloch-Westerwick 2006) . Therefore, it is predicted: H3: Consumers in the positive affective state will likely be drawn to engage with ads with high semantic affinity with the prior event generating the affective state, whereas those in the negative affective state will likely be drawn to engage with ads with lower semantic affinity. ...
This study examined the influence of consumers’ temporary affective states during ad exposure on their engagement with different types of ads that are categorized based on theoretically derived attention-grabbing characteristics. A computational research approach was used, cross-analyzing proxy measures of real-time affective fluctuation of viewers during the 2019 Super Bowl broadcast and their tweets regarding the ads aired during the Super Bowl. The results demonstrated significant impact of consumers’ temporary affective states, induced by the performance of the team they cheer for, on their engagement with different types of ads, even when they were exposed to the same set of ads during commercial breaks. Specifically, consumers in the positive affective state showed greater tendency to be drawn to engage with high semantic-affinity ads than those in the negative affective state. Consumers in the negative affective state showed greater tendency to be drawn to engage with more positively valenced ads than those in the positive affective state. This study provides theoretical contributions regarding the role of consumers’ affect in their engagement with ads and practical implications for ad targeting and ad placement strategies based on consumers’ temporary affect.
... While the U&G framework assumes that users are cognizant of their needs, an alternative account of instrumental media use, Mood Management Theory (MMT) (Knobloch-Westerwick, 2011; Zillmann, 1988bZillmann, , 1988aZillmann, , 2000, does not assume every media use to result from active, need-oriented and conscious-level thought processes. According to this account, learning processes governed by the principles of operant conditioning might explain the targeted use of media in the service of situational mood regulation (Knobloch-Westerwick, 2011). ...
... While the U&G framework assumes that users are cognizant of their needs, an alternative account of instrumental media use, Mood Management Theory (MMT) (Knobloch-Westerwick, 2011;Zillmann, 1988bZillmann, , 1988aZillmann, , 2000, does not assume every media use to result from active, need-oriented and conscious-level thought processes. According to this account, learning processes governed by the principles of operant conditioning might explain the targeted use of media in the service of situational mood regulation (Knobloch-Westerwick, 2011) . The model assumes that people "seek out media content they expect to improve their mood" (op cit., p. 373). ...
... Through socialization and individual learning experiences, mood states (stimuli) come to govern situational media use behavior (responses) in order to achieve mood-ameliorating effects (consequences): Accordingly, throughout development, stimulus-response contingencies become established according to the adaptiveness of different media content for modulating different mood states. While the basic tenets of the model have repeatedly been supported, the model has also given rise to major criticisms and contradictory results, the discussion of which is far beyond the present context (see Knobloch-Westerwick, 2011) . Nonetheless, the account is a helpful adjunct to the U&G framework mentioned above, in that it is explicitly concerned with the prediction of affect-dependent consumption of media content at the situational level. ...
Previous empirical evidence has shown that the psychological experience of loneliness is associated with increased levels of media use, indicative of a remedial attempt to cope with the aversive psychological experience. Since social media have been shown to provide users with many different ways of meeting their interpersonal needs, the present study investigates the occurrence of such loneliness-associated uses of the social network site Facebook within the context of everyday life. Adopting an experience sampling methodology (ESM), a sample of 65 participants was recruited from a local university and was followed for a study period of two weeks. Subjects were requested to assess their emotional state and the level of Facebook use several times a day using a fixed interval assessment schedule. Statistical analyses using multilevel analysis indicated that state feelings of loneliness were predictive of a subsequent increase in Facebook use. Moreover, the size of this effect varied across persons and was shown to be highly contingent upon several psychosocial traits, including gender, social insecurity, Facebook addiction and cross-situational levels of (trait) loneliness. These findings of person-dependent, emotion regulatory uses of social media services such as Facebook may be of relevance for understanding both adaptive and maladaptive uses of online technology. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed and several recommendations for future studies made.
... One important extension of MMT is mood adjustment, which states that pursuing a good mood might not always be the most successful strategy depending on situational circumstances (e.g., in an exam). It predicts that individuals choose media stimuli in order to adjust their mood to the most beneficial mood for the current circumstances or upcoming events (Knobloch-Westerwick, 2006 Luong & Knobloch-Westerwick, 2017). ...
... In their work, using moodcongruent media for actively approaching stress-evoking problems can extend the ideas of MMT to explain a broader range of media choices. MMT research uses the term mood but has been criticized for using emotion-inducing instead of mood-inducing manipulations (Knobloch-Westerwick, 2006 . Thus, the boundaries between research on mood management and on emotion regulation are blurred (e.g., Hoffner & Lee, 2015;Konijn & ten Holt, 2011). ...
... The MM/ER shows that the U&G can be a fruitful framework for the combination of media use and coping. However, the U&G focuses on the active and conscious selection of media stimuli (Katz et al., 1973), whereas mood, emotion regulation, and coping include conscious and unconscious processes (Gross, 1998; Knobloch-Westerwick, 2006; Lazarus, 1999). ...
Mobile phones, television, internet services, games, and social media offer diverse and numerous opportunities for coping with stress in everyday life. Different disciplines have contributed to answering how these media are used for coping. Consequently, fragmented and disconnected research perspectives have evolved. To improve integration, we conducted a scoping review. A total of 318 articles met the inclusion criteria. Three main perspectives on media use for coping were identified: (1) stress and coping, (2) mood management and emotion regulation, and (3) media addiction and problematic media use. Each perspective has contributed to different aspects of the use of media for coping. Six advancements are proposed, which attempt to integrate perspectives and to guide future research on coping using media.
... Mood management theory suggests that individuals suffering from negative affective states are motivated to alter their current mood by choosing television content that maximizes pleasure and minimizes pain [10][11][12]. Pleasant and up-bringing entertainment content may enhance negative moods, whereas saddening or down-bringing entertainment content may intensify an adverse state [13, 14] . Based on this theory, a wealth of evidence shows that people choose entertainment media to assist in regulating their affective states [13,14]. ...
... Pleasant and up-bringing entertainment content may enhance negative moods, whereas saddening or down-bringing entertainment content may intensify an adverse state [13,14]. Based on this theory, a wealth of evidence shows that people choose entertainment media to assist in regulating their affective states [13, 14] . ...
Smoking is more common among individuals with mental health issues than those who do not have mental illnesses. In particular, among individuals with an anxiety disorder, a high prevalence of smoking has been found. Mood adjustment theory suggests that individuals with negative moods could adjust their moods depending on the type of television they watched. To understand this relationship better, we aim to examine how different television viewing can moderate the tendency of smoking behavior for individuals with an anxiety disorder. We used national U.S. survey data and concepts from the mood adjustment theory to answer our research questions. Our main contributions were to: (1) extend the mood adjustment theory by focusing on the association between a diagnosed mental disorder (i.e., anxiety) and risky behavior (i.e., smoking), and (2) examine the nuances of television genres by dividing entertainment television into excitement-valenced and ambiguously-valenced entertainment programs, along with information programs. The primary findings show that individuals with an anxiety disorder were more likely to smoke and this association was significantly attenuated when they watched cartoons, sports, and health information programs, but the positive association between an anxiety disorder and the extent of smoking was intensified when they watched drama, music, sci-fi, and television news. Patients with an anxiety disorder may take advantage of excitement-valenced entertainment programs and health-related information but need to be cautious in choosing ambiguously-valenced entertainment programs and news.
... On the one hand, entertainment consumption can be intrinsically appealing because it makes individuals feel better immediately in terms of regulating mood and arousal. This process of affect regulation through media use is thought to be the core of hedonic moti vation for entertainment consumption (Knobloch-Westerwick, 2006; Zillmann, 1988). On the other hand, entertainment consumption can also serve to stimulate rewarding social and cognitive experiences that contribute to emotional well-being in more complex and sustainable ways; for example, they may foster a sense of cognitive challenge, truth-seek ing, or search for meaning in life (e.g., Bartsch, 2012a;Bartsch & Hartmann, 2015;Oliver & Raney, 2011;Oliver et al., 2018;Schramm & Wirth, 2008;Tamborini et al., 2010;Vorderer et al., 2004;Vorderer & Reinecke, 2012;Wirth et al., 2012). ...
... The hedonic side of entertainment has mainly been studied in the context of mood man agement theory (Knobloch-Westerwick, 2006; Zillmann, 1988). According to Zillmann (1988), four characteristics of media content are essential for hedonic mood regulation: ...
This chapter reviews the controversial relationship of entertainment and political communication and presents a theoretical framework to integrate seemingly contradicting concepts and research findings. On the one hand, concerns have been raised about the decay of news quality and political culture due to the growing influence of entertainment media. On the other, researchers have highlighted the potential of entertainment in terms of audience interest, cognitive accessibility, and public outreach. A literature overview shows theoretical and empirical support for both sides of the controversy about the (dys)functionality of entertainment in political communication. Therefore, in an attempt to reconcile the divergent findings, the chapter presents an extended dual-process model of entertainment effects on political information processing and engagement. This framework offers substantial extensions to existing dual-process models of entertainment by conceptualizing the effects of entertainment on different forms of political engagement that have not been incorporated so far.
... This self-regulatory function of media use is conceptualized within mood management theory (MMT; Zillmann, 1988b;Zillmann & Bryant, 1985). MMT is based on the assumption that humans have a hedonic motivation to terminate negative states and to strive for more positive and pleasurable moods and levels of arousal (Knobloch-Westerwick, 2006) . The theory proposes that users selectively expose themselves to media stimuli that fulfill these hedonic goals in order to regulate arousal and to facilitate desired affective states. ...
... Research referring to MMT has repeatedly demonstrated the strong intervention potential of media use and its ability to interrupt ruminations about negative events and stressors (Knobloch-Westerwick, 2006; Zillmann, 1988bZillmann, , 1991a. Intervention potential is defined as a medium's ability to capture an individual's attentional resources (Bryant & Davies, 2006). ...
Research on recovery from stress demonstrated that entertaining movies increase psychological detachment and relaxation. In addition, entertainment experiences foster feelings of vitality and thereby contribute to well-being. The current study tested whether movies can be beneficial after stressful situations in order to recover. Saliva cortisol was assessed to relate a physiological measure to experiences of recovery and vitality. In an experiment (N = 60), participants were stressed before they either watched a hedonic, a eudaimonic, or a calm, neutral movie. Results demonstrated that media stimuli amplify recovery experiences when they convey more entertainment experiences (hedonic and/or eudaimonic). Further, cortisol levels influenced vitality by enhancing energetic arousal and affect. These results are discussed regarding the interpretation of physiological indicators to study work strain.
... With respect to satire, this means selecting content that is entertaining, in alignment with one's political views and orientation, and results in a positive affective state (Young, 2013a(Young, , 2020. Viewed primarily as a short-term phenomenon, mood management theory has been applied to a range of media contexts: from Internet content, to traditional hard news, to standard entertainment fare like romantic comedies or dramatic film, to popular music (Knobloch & Zillmann, 2002; Knobloch-Westerwick, 2006) . To date, however, mood management theory has not yet been applied to the context of political satire. ...
... Connecting mood management theory with the choice to consume political satire requires a thoughtful consideration of how media messages, and in this case satire, either enhance or detract from one's state-of-mind or current emotional orientation toward politics. Specifically, it is important to consider the: (1) excitatory potential of satire or how much it results in positive arousal, (2) the absorption potential or how much the satirical media content can interrupt a prevailing mood state, (3) the semantic affinity or similarity between the prevailing mood and the message of the satirical media content, and (4) the hedonic valence of the satirical media content or its ability to result in pleasurable stimulation or positive mood activation (Knobloch-Westerwick,
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