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Post by Forest » Tue Feb 27, pm. Post by Milad » Tue Feb 27, pm. Post by Forest » Fri Mar 01, am. Post by bwv » Fri Mar 01, pm. Post by Forest » Sat Mar 02, pm. Post by bwv » Sat Mar 02, pm. Post by Forest » Sun Apr 07, pm. Post by bwv » Sun Apr 07, pm. Caravanistan A Silk Road travel forum Skip to content. Quick links. Fergana valley from the city of Fergana All about Uzbekistan. Fergana valley from the city of Fergana Post by Forest » Tue Feb 27, pm If we decide to go to Fergana-the city I'd like to know how easy it is for get tours into the Fergana Valley, and possibly see some of the Tien Shan mountains not interested in an entire 8 hour hike, just to be able to see the mountains and take pictures. Are there many tour operators in Fergana, and if so who will be the best to contact? Please do some basic research, and come back afterwards. Re: Fergana valley from the city of Fergana Post by bwv » Sat Mar 02, pm You do know that you are asking strangers to provide you with free advice, right? If you want helpful answers, it helps to make it as easy as possible for those strangers to understand the context of exactly what you're asking and what possible solutions you've already considered and ruled out. I don't know why this is apparently so shocking to you. By the way, some of your previous questions clearly indicate that you haven't done even the most basic research before asking questions. Re: Fergana valley from the city of Fergana Post by bwv » Sun Apr 07, pm When you ask if you can do a 2-day trip to the Pamirs from Uzbekistan, it's pretty clear you didn't do basic research. Certainly not enough to get huffy when someone suggests you do basic research before asking a question. Re: Fergana valley from the city of Fergana Post by TheNonFlyingDutchman » Tue Apr 09, am If you check google maps on terrain view, you can see that Fergana city is the most impractical of all cities in the valley to visit the mountains. Also do you need a guide, or are you also willing to rent a car? Traffic is quite easy there, and it might save you some bucks and gain you some freedom. If you describe a bit more of your plans and your wants, I think we can help you better. Go further, go slower. Experience more. Visa invitation letters Kazakhstan Pakistan Russia tourist Russia business.

The Silk Road

Ferghana buying blow

Our website uses cookies to understand content and feature usage to drive site improvements over time. To learn more, review our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Today we know silk as a soft, shiny, fabric. Silk was a much bigger deal then. The luxury fabric was imported at great cost from China. Among Romans, silk had become a symbol of wealth. Demand became greater than supply. Soon, merchants figured out how to unravel the silk they bought from China. They re-weaved it into more silk. But that made it much thinner. In fact, you could see through it. Since silk was used for clothing, this became a problem on the streets of Rome. Seneca the Younger was a writer. He complained about people wearing silk. Outlawing silk did not last. The demand for silk stuck among wealthy Romans. It continued to drive trade among the Roman Empire, China, India, and places in between. So, how did Chinese silk get to Rome anyway? One cause of expanded trade was the growth of empires. It fought with roaming communities, called the Xiongnu. Xiongnu horsemen had raided Chinese settlements along the northern border for many years. Emperor Wu had frequently fought the Xiongnu. He decided if they were to win this fight, they needed a new way to get horses. He sent a representative named Zhang Qian. The goal was to find people who could help fight the Xiongnu. Zhang returned to China and was eager to discuss the wonders he had seen in Ferghana. Today, we know it as Uzbekistan, in Central Asia. This region produced rice, wheat, and grapes. China imported so many horses. That led to a three-year conflict known as the War of the Heavenly Horses. But an interesting thing happened. Control of the Ferghana valley also opened a route to the West. With a new supply of horses, Han China had increased its military strength throughout Asia. During this time, Chinese cities grew in size. There were more jobs and wealth. The government was stable. All this led to more demand for luxury goods from far-off places. Meanwhile, the Roman Empire was expanding, too. Rome won the Punic Wars. It gave them control over the western Mediterranean Sea. Over the next few centuries, Rome expanded to control all of the Mediterranean shoreline. For about years there were hardly any wars. As with Han China, a stable government brought more trade. Rome began to trade regularly on overseas routes to India, going through Egypt. Although Rome and Han China expanded greatly, there was still a great distance between them. Central Asia is covered with mountains, deserts, and vast grasslands. Traders had a good business reason to take these difficult trips. They created important linked networks between the Roman and Han empires. Extent of Silk Roads. Public domain. Traders had to find ways to move their goods smoothly. This is where camels come in. They were the best way to travel. For example, the Han Chinese used camels captured from the Xiongnu to carry military supplies. Camels were tough. They could handle the harsh desert conditions of Central Asia. Camels also could carry up to pounds! Without pack animals, transporting goods over land on the Silk Road would not have been worth the trouble. Relief with camel , Persepolis, Iran. Traders used the ocean to transport goods, too. However, they did need to understand wind patterns and storm systems to successfully navigate the dangerous waters. Take the Indian Ocean for example. Monsoon winds blow from the northeast in the winter and from the southwest in the summer. The southwestern wind pushed merchants east. Then they would go back to the Red Sea in the winter. This essential information was exchanged among sailors. It soon traveled beyond the Indian Ocean. There was one obvious effect of trade along the Silk Road, and for any long-distance trade: more goods were available in more places. Silk became hotly desired. In fact, it was used as money in central Asia. What was so special about silk? Unlike other fabrics, it was unusually soft. It always had an appealing shine. This is because silk is made from the cocoons of silkworms, not from plants. The Romans would have made their own silk if they knew how. But how to get from cocoon to fabric was a Chinese secret. They hid it all the way until the sixth century CE. The fact that China remained the only producer of silk meant that trade goods continued to travel across Asia. Women were in charge of silk harvesting and weaving. Their production of silk brought in much money from both the trade on the Silk Road networks and through the payment of taxes to the government. Women in this way greatly benefited the Han dynasty and its wealth. A map of the monsoon pattern, made by Khan Academy. Blue arrows point south and west, showing the winter winds from the northeast. Red arrows point north and east across the Red Sea, showing the summer winds coming from the southwest. Chinese silk was not the only item traded along these routes. China also exported ginger and lacquerware, a kind of glazed pottery. Spices came from the East Indies. Glass beads arrived from Rome. Furs came from animals of the Caucasian steppe, or grasslands. Unfortunately, the Silk Road also made it easier for enslaved peoples from many locations to be transported. This massive movement of goods, people, and ideas had some major effects. The way of life changed for many. During the rule of the Tang dynasty of China, for example, sculptures of camels, the same that were frequently used in trade, were placed in graves. Clearly the animals mattered to them! Part of a seventh-century purchase contract , exchanging a fifteen-year-old enslaved person for six bolts of silk and five Chinese coins. This contract is from the city of Turfan, an oasis city along the Silk Road. New trade routes often spread two other things without even trying: ideas and diseases. Both would greatly affect the communities along the sea lanes and camel routes of Silk Road networks. Toward the end of the second century, a plague crushed the Roman Empire. The deadly disease killed 10 percent of the population. Historians think this plague first appeared in China before following the trade routes to the Near East where Roman soldiers were stationed. As for the exchange of ideas, Buddhism came to China through trade with India. Sogdians also translated Sanskrit sutras short holy texts into Chinese. They spread the Buddhist faith as they traded. Other faiths, such as Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, and Christianity, also traveled along the sea and land routes. These religions developed and changed as they were accepted in new areas. So now we can see the conditions that enabled Chinese silk to make its way to Roman markets. Both the Han Chinese and Roman Empires controlled vast territories. They kept them relatively peaceful. The Han conquered their way into Central Asia. From there, roaming traders carried goods farther west or south. Trade brought new ideas, new diseases, and new goods to new places. They would be forever changed by the Silk Road. Bentley, Jerry H. New York: McGraw-Hill, Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Jenott, Lance. Accessed November 11, NYU Shanghai. Strayer, Robert W. Reid, Struan. Waugh, Daniel. Rosie Friedland is a content contributor at Khan Academy. She has also worked on course materials for Grammar, World History, U. History, and early-grade English Language Arts. Together with Rosie Friedland and Paige Finch, he developed the Grammar section of the website, and has contributed work to the test prep domain, World History, U. History, and a collaboration with the National Constitution Center. He lives in Washington, D. Jesse Lynch teaches world history and U. He is also a lecturer in medieval history at the University of Exeter, located in England, where he currently is finishing his PhD. This work is licensed under CC BY 4. A map of the monsoon pattern , made by Khan Academy. Articles leveled by Newsela have been adjusted along several dimensions of text complexity including sentence structure, vocabulary and organization. The number followed by L indicates the Lexile measure of the article. For more information on Lexile measures and how they correspond to grade levels: www. To learn more about Newsela, visit www. Unlike other measurement systems, the Lexile Framework determines reading ability based on actual assessments, rather than generalized age or grade levels. Recognized as the standard for matching readers with texts, tens of millions of students worldwide receive a Lexile measure that helps them find targeted readings from the more than million articles, books and websites that have been measured. Lexile measures connect learners of all ages with resources at the right level of challenge and monitors their progress toward state and national proficiency standards. Revised by Eman M. Heavenly horses, see-through clothing, camel-shaped gravestones. And it was about a lot more than silk. Cookie Policy Our website uses cookies to understand content and feature usage to drive site improvements over time. Introduction Today we know silk as a soft, shiny, fabric. State power and the Silk Road One cause of expanded trade was the growth of empires. Sources Bentley, Jerry H.

Ferghana buying blow