Female Rat

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Female Rat
/ Male vs. Female Rats: How to Tell the Difference

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Baby rats’ can be sexed after they are five weeks old. Adult males are larger than females and have square bodies. Males weigh up to 800 grams, while females weigh 500 grams. Females are more active and curious, while males are more affectionate.
Rats are docile, intelligent, and loving animals that make great pets.
If you are planning to have more than one pet rat, you should know the difference between males and females.
Sexing rats is easy when they reach the age of five weeks. This is when the female and male anatomy differentiates.
When they become adults, males are larger and more loving than females.
In this article, we’ll cover the main differences between male and female rats, how to sex these rodents, and more.
The main differences between male and female rats are their genitals and size. Males are larger than females, and they have different reproductive organs. Males usually do not have nipples but have mammary glands.
It is very difficult to tell the difference between a male and a female rat when they are born, if not impossible.
Here are some anatomical features of the genitals of each sex in rats:
In some cases, only one testicle drops in males. This is called cryptorchidism. 
Some rats have both genitals (male and female reproductive organs) and are called hermaphrodites. These cases are very rare.
One of the best ways to sex baby rats is to look at their nipples. Female rats have 12 nipples (two rows of six nipples each), while males usually don’t develop them. But both sexes have mammary glands.
The nipples are most visible in the first few weeks of life when baby rats are hairless.
Male rats do not have nipples, because of a delayed release of hormones. Androgen hormones (testosterone) are responsible for differentiating nipples in rats [3] . The release of this hormone in males occurs before the development of the nipples and as a result, the nipples no longer develop. [4] 
Both sexes have mammary glands though.
Rats, along with horses and mice, are the only non-monotreme mammals where the male does not have nipples. 
Monotreme animals are those that have a single orifice for the rectum, urinary tract, and genitals.
The male differences between male and female rats’ appearance are the shape and size of their bodies. Male rats are larger, with a square body, and weigh up to 800 grams. Rat females are thinner, athletic, and weigh about 500 grams.
There are many species of rats, each one different from the others. Some are wild, and others are kept as pets. Pet rats are usually larger than wild or laboratory rats. 
Male rats weigh between 500-800g and females 250-500g, regardless og the species. 
Some rats exceed this weight and reach almost a kilogram (~2 lbs.)
Males also have a boxy body shape, while females are athletic and thin.
They have longer and more rounded heads, whereas females have pointy noses. Males are also more robust and have firmer flesh and thicker tails.
Male rats are more loving and docile than females, while also showing more aggressive tendencies. Rat females are active and can be aggressive, especially if they are handled improperly.
In general, male rats are said to be lazy, and females are said to be active. 
These two characterizations are truer for pet rats than for wild rats. Rats in the wild behave according to the environment they live in.
Male pet rats can be as active as females if you supply them with toys, stairs, wheels, tunnels, etc. 
They will never be as agile as females as they are almost twice as big. But they can be just as curious and eager to explore.
Male rats react more positively and faster to human handling than females. Female rats bite faster if handled improperly. They are also more active and agitated when handled compared to males, who prefer to sit still and cuddle.
Male rats are generally calm and relaxed, while females quickly become agitated and irritable, especially when they are in heat. Many pet rat females do not show any heat signs, so they are more relaxed.
Male rats are considered more consistent when it comes to training. They are easier to work with, most likely due to their docile nature.
Basic care for male and female rats is mostly the same with minor differences. The main differences are diet and diseases. Male rats should not eat citrus fruits as these can induce kidney disease. Female rats are more prone to mammary tumors.
Basic care for rats, regardless of their sex, is similar. Both sexes need the following:
Gender differences occur when it comes to three things:
Both sexes of rats can consume almost the same things. The only difference is that male rats should not consume citrus fruits (grapefruit, oranges, etc.).
Citrus fruits contain a substance (D-limonene) that can cause nephrotoxicity. [5]
Male rats’ protein intake should also be limited. They can become obese and have skin diseases, including hair loss. Protein-rich diets also increase the risk of kidney cancer in male rats.
Rats are prone to breast, kidney, or pituitary tumors. If you sterilize your pet rats when they are young, the chance of cancer decreases.
Female rats are more likely to develop breast tumors than males. As males do have mammary glands, they can develop breast tumors, but it rarely happens.
Otherwise, rats are predisposed to the same diseases regardless of gender. The most common disease in rats is respiratory infections with Mycoplasma pulmonis . [6]
Their odor is another factor that differentiates males from females. Rats do not smell too pleasant, and males have a more pungent odor compared to females.
Some say female rats smell like popcorn, while males like Doritos. Male rats secrete oils on the back into their fur. These oils are seen as an orange film on the backs of mature male rats. It is also called buck grease.
When they want to mark their territory, rats release a liquid that smells of grape soda on the sides of the abdomen. They rub this liquid against the sides of walls, furniture, floors, cage, etc., to imprint this particular scent. 
Pet rats usually become territorial when moving to a new environment. In this case, they will mark their territory, resulting in a smelly cage in the initial period.
Both sexes of rats are territorial, but this behavior is more pronounced in males.
Rats also mark their territory with urine, including objects and people. The urine of males smells stronger than that of females.
Sexing rat pups is difficult to do if they are younger than five weeks. At five weeks, the rats’ genitals develop, and the difference between the sexes becomes obvious. If you want to differentiate newborn rats, you can look at their nipples. 
Baby rats are called pups or kittens. They have some gender differences, but they are not always obvious.
The handling of newborn rats is generally contraindicated as they are stressful. 
To sex them, gently turn the pup over to expose its abdomen and groin area. You can best see the nipples when the baby rats do not yet have hair. Their hair grows around 2-3 weeks of age.
Females have nipples while males, in most cases, don’t have any.
Another difference is in the size of the space between the anus and the genitals. This area fully develops at the age of five weeks. Instead of well-differentiated genitals, newborn rats have small lumps. 
In females, this distance is smaller than in males.
Male testicles can also appear around the age of three weeks. To be sure of your rats’ gender, wait until they are five weeks old.
You should not keep males and females together after the age of six weeks. This is when they begin to mate .
Males are friendlier and more affectionate than females, but it does depend on how you raise and interact with them. Both sexes can be as friendly. Male rats are not as active as females but they are just as curious and eager to explore.
You can sometimes tell males and female rats apart by looking for nipples. Females have 12 nipples, while most males don’t have any. You can also look at the size of the space between the anus and the genital organ. This space is shorter for females. In adult rats, the difference is obvious. Males have larger testicles in proportion to the rest of the body.
Neither sex smells particularly nice, but the scent of males can be stronger than that of females. Male rats are more territorial and leave urine everywhere or release fluid from the sides of the abdomen. The smell of urine of male rats is stronger. They do this to mark their territory, including objects and people.
Dr. Iulia is a certified veterinarian with more than 10 years of experience in the field. With extensive knowledge of diet, care, and medication, she helps Misfit Animals provide readers with accurate knowledge on technical topics.
Misfit Animals is a website all about animals. Here, you can learn the behavior of animals, how to befriend them, or how to act around them. We research all topics before writing them, to provide you with the most possible value.
Misfitanimals.com does not intend to provide veterinary advice. While we provide information, resources, and education, the content here is not a substitute for veterinary guidance.

If you’re looking to adopt a female rat terrier, then you’re in the right place. There are many reasons to choose this unique breed. These animals are incredibly curious and full of personality. They are also very tolerant of a variety of living situations. If you’re considering getting a female rat terrier, read on for tips and information on how to care for your new pup.
One of the most important parts of caring for your pet’s health is maintaining her ears. You should check the ears every week for redness and inflammation, as these could indicate an injury or infection. You should clean out any wax buildup with a cotton swab, but avoid rubbing your puppy’s ears too hard, as you’ll damage their delicate structures. However, you should never use a cotton swab on your rat terrier’s ears, as it may damage them.
When looking for a puppy, make sure the breeder is reputable and has tested both parents for genetic diseases. You can also consider adopting a Rat Terrier if you’re not able to find a breeder in your area. During the adoption process, you’ll be required to pay $300, but you can give a dog a second chance to find a forever home. You’ll have a new furry friend and you’ll have the opportunity to work with a wonderful dog!
The condition is rarely painful and doesn’t usually cause an inconvenience, but it can lead to serious problems, including heart failure. Fortunately, there are several medications available to help prevent this condition. You’ll have to administer these medications for life and monitor their effectiveness periodically.
Rat Terriers are an excellent choice for owners who want a companion dog that is capable of hunting rodents and vermin belowground. The small to a medium-sized dog is parti-colored, with a smooth coat that may display pied patterning (large patches of one or more colors alternating with white). The Rat Terrier’s coat color is generally black, but can also be red, fawn, blue, or apricot.
Because of their namesake craft, rat terriers have become famous for helping humans solve the rat problem. A resident of New York City suggested roving packs of rat terriers to combat the rat problem. Another famous film starring a rat terrier is the Shirley Temple comedy The Little Colonel. Laurie Anderson also made a documentary on the rat terrier. They have also become the companions of celebrities such as Carrie Underwood and Teddy Roosevelt.
While a female Rat Terrier’s bite is not prone to malocclusion, it may still be prone to certain deformities. Although most dogs will grow out of it without any treatment, a misaligned bite may need to be corrected. In severe cases, the dog may require surgery to fix its misaligned bite. If your dog is suffering from a weak or suppressed immune system, you should consider having your pet checked for Demodex mites. This can cause skin problems and may even require the removal of teeth.
A female Rat Terrier is less likely to contract heart disease than its male counterpart. However, this dog breed can be very affectionate and friendly. They love children and should be supervised around children. The parents should always supervise the behavior of their female Rat Terrier to prevent any mishaps. If you’re looking for a pet to join your family, consider purchasing one!
A female Rat Terrier is an ideal choice for someone with a young family. They are energetic and loyal. They also get along with children, cats, and other pets. But because they are naturally prey-driven, it’s important to keep in mind that the Rat Terrier is a good candidate for a household with young children and small pets. The breed is extremely intelligent and enjoys puzzles and games. They are great for active families.
The Rat Terrier breed has similar mating habits as other dog breeds. Female Rat Terriers come into heat between six and one and a half years. After that first heat cycle, female Rat Terriers will come into heat every six months or so. Once in heat, a Rat Terrier goes through a gestation period of 58 to 65 days. Although they may give birth early or late, a small litter will usually be born around the 65th day.
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the above article states that this breed is very child-friendly and then ,in the next papagraph, says should be kept…
Looking for a puppy is this one that has to be rehomed or purchased?
Looking for rat terrier or mix please


Rat Guide > Breeding Guide > Anatomy > Female Reproductive System
March 27, 2006 at 16:08 (last edited February 10, 2021 at 14:18 )
Cross-references Linked from Rat Anatomy March 12, 2004

Female Reproductive System > Anatomy > Breeding Guide > Rat Guide
A Layman's Guide to Health, Medication Use, Breeding, and Responsible Care of Pet Rats
The organs of the female reproductive system are specialized to produce ova (eggs), transport the egg cells to the site of fertilization, to provide a favorable environment for developing embryos, and to move offspring outside of the body (birth) at the appropriate time.

The reproductive system also supplies nourishment for the offspring after birth and produces female sex hormones.

The main system structures of the female rat are the vagina, ovaries, uterus, and mammary glands.

The vagina is the short muscular canal that leads from the female rat’s uterus to the outside of the body. It lies below the urethra. The vaginal walls are lined with mucous membranes which keep it protected and moist. The vagina serves as the birth canal and also as the orifice for the acceptance of sperm during mating.

When born, females have a vaginal closure membrane (vaginal plate) that typically ruptures on its own by the time the babies reach 33-42 days of age.

The ovaries are located at the distal end of the uterine horns near the kidneys. The oviducts connect the ovaries to each horn of the uterus. The ovaries produce the ova, also called the egg, and certain hormones.

The uterus receives eggs and supports the growing embryos development until birth.

Rats have a uterus consisting of the right and left cornua (horns) referred to as a bicornuate uterus. This structure enables the rat to have multiple offspring.
The horns of the uterus come together to form the vagina.

Mammary glands produce milk/colostrum for the development and nourishment of young.
Mammary glands are made up of alveoli, or hollow cavities, lined with milk producing epithelial cells. The alveoli cluster in groups called lobules. The milk/colostrum drains from the lobules to the lactiferous ducts that lead to holes in the nipples.

The nipples and mammary glands can occur anywhere along two parallel lines running on the front (abdomen) side, called milk lines.

The mammary glands are then formed along these lines with six pairs of nipples or 12 nipples (though some females only have 10 nipples), three in the pectoral and three in the abdomino-inguinal regions, approximating the average number birthed in a litter.

Cells in the mammary tissue contract and push the milk from the alveoli to the nipples. Rats display complex mammary glands that consist of multiple simple single mammary glands emptying out into one nipple. (Male rats posses rudimentary mammary glands but not nipples.)

The development of the mammary glands takes place in several phases:

At birth the epithelium is within a fat pad and has formed a ductal tree where several ducts and lateral branches steaming from each primary duct. Even at this stage the teats are still well formed.

Between birth and puberty the gland slowly grows, causing the fat pad and epithelium to extend from the nipple towards the rat’s back.

At puberty the gland begins exponential growth and rapid development of the terminal end buds (TEB). The TEB are clusters of cells several layers thick that are situated at the ends of the lateral duct branches. This rapid growth is due to cell division or differentiation of TEB cells that continues until the epithelium reaches the outer limits of the fat pad.

Following puberty the gland becomes a differentiated resting place where the TEB cells are gone and terminal ducts with small lobules or alveolar buds are common. These alveolar buds are the precursors to the large lobuloalveolar structures used during pregnancy.

Mammary development and the production of milk are affected by hormones, growth factors and environmental agents. Also, any problems during fetal development will influence further development and may affect mammary function and milk production.

Some gene mutations, such as certain hairless mutations, can affect milk production and can cause limited or no milk to be produced. Nipple structure can also affect lactation as seen with inverted nipples.
Each uterine horn has its own cervix. The cervixes are located where the uteri connect to the vagina. Each cervix has strong thick walls.

The opening of the cervix is very small but expands to allow birth. Its purpose is to protect the uterus.

The clitoris is the only part of the genital structure that connects to the urethra rather than to the vagina (as seen in humans).
It is located above the urethra and is enclosed within a prepuce along with clitoral glands. The clitoris is the female homolog of the male penis. In fact, the urethra/clitoris actually visually resembles a penis making it difficult for some people to sex rats accurately.

In the female rat, preputial glands are exocrine glands that are located near the clitoris that produce pheromones.

A pheromone is any c
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