Female Lizard Sexy
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Though faint, the blue throat patch on this female fence lizard is typically a male trait.
By Elizabeth PennisiJan. 6, 2015 , 3:45 PM
WEST PALM BEACH, FLORIDA—A century ago, the cast of circus characters often included bearded ladies, women with decidedly manlike facial hair. Eastern fence lizards have their own bearded ladies. Males sport prominent blue patches on their undersides, and many females have smaller, lighter blue splotches on their chests and necks. Female lizards find the blue in potential mates quite sexy, so evolution has favored brighter patches. But male lizards are turned off by blue females, so it’s a mystery why females have any blue at all.
Tracy Langkilde has some clues. A biologist at Pennsylvania State University, University Park, she and her colleagues have evaluated how blueness affects female lizards. Although there are some downsides to being blue, bearded females run faster and have young that survive better than do offspring of nonblue peers, Langkilde reported here this week at the annual meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology.
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In every species, males and females are built from the same set of genetic instructions and so, in theory, should look the same. But they don’t. To understand how this so-called sexual dimorphism arises, Langkilde turned to the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus), a 15-centimeter-long reptile that lives on rocks and tree stumps in the eastern United States. “Our work suggests that traits can have different costs and benefits for the two sexes,” she explains.
Langkilde’s earlier studies and other work showed that the blue patches on the undersides of males are badges of maleness that appeal to females. Then in 2013, she and her colleagues found that males prefer to mate with nonblue females. When blue females do mate, they are slower to lay their eggs by about 2 weeks, and their clutches of eggs weigh less than clutches from nonblue females. Langkilde wondered if males tended to shun these females as mates because of these deficiencies. “Not all traits are benign for the sex that doesn't need them,” agrees Simon Lailvaux, an integrative evolutionary biologist at the University of New Orleans in Louisiana, who wasn’t involved in the study. “Studies like this tell us what those costs are specifically for females.”
Now, Langkilde and her colleagues have taken a closer look at these females, not only in the lab but also in the field. They suspected that high testosterone levels cause the blue splotches and reproductive problems, so they gave pregnant nonblue females this hormone. And indeed, treated females laid their eggs later than untreated females, and the resulting young were smaller and didn’t survive as well as the young of untreated females, Langkilde’s team reports.
But the researchers also found that blue females sprint faster, reaching speeds of 1.5 meters per second compared with the 1.2 meters per second achieved by nonblue females. And more of the field-caught young with blue moms survived after 2 months in the lab than did young of nonblue moms. “These results suggest previously unreported, possible fitness advantages for bearded ladies,” Langkilde says. In addition, males may mistake blue females for other males, and so those females are less harassed by overly eager suitors, who can court so much that they interfere with the female’s other activities. Given that 70% of the females in some lizard populations have blue on them, “there may be some unexplained trade-offs in the costs (delayed reproduction) and benefits (higher offspring survival) for females bearing male traits that may explain the existence of these traits,” writes Peter Zani, an integrative biologist at the University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, who was not involved with the research, in an e-mail.
“Attempting to understand evolutionary trade-offs is of interest to a broad swath of biologists,” Zani adds. Indeed, such work can tell us about ourselves, Westerman says. “It’s difficult to study the costs and benefits of females having malelike traits in our own species, but there might be benefits that we don’t understand yet.”
Liz is a senior correspondent covering many aspects of biology for Science.
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4,310 female lizard stock photos are available royalty-free.
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Head of an orange color Bearded Dragon Agama female lizard. Isolated on green background, macro.
Portrait of an orange color Bearded Dragon Agama female lizard. Isolated on black background, close up.
Macro photography of the head of an orange-colored bearded Dragon Agama of a female lizard. Isolated on a black background, hard. Light, vertical image
Image of a female lizard of Tenerife. Lizard female gallotia galloti, typical of the island of Tenerife, on a railing of natural stone in a garden under the
Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole, also known as the blue-headed anole - Varadero, Cuba. Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole / Anolis allisoni, also known as
Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole, also known as the blue-headed anole - Varadero, Cuba. Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole / Anolis allisoni, also known as
Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole - Anolis allisoni, also known as the blue-headed anole - Varadero, Cuba. Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole - Anolis
Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole, also known as the blue-headed anole - Varadero, Cuba. Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole / Anolis allisoni, also known as
Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole, also known as the blue-headed anole - Varadero, Cuba. Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole / Anolis allisoni, also known as
Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole, also known as the blue-headed anole - Varadero, Cuba. Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole / Anolis allisoni, also known as
Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole, also known as the blue-headed anole - Varadero, Cuba. Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole / Anolis allisoni, also known as
Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole, also known as the blue-headed anole - Varadero, Cuba. Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole / Anolis allisoni, also known as
Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole - Anolis allisoni, also known as the blue-headed anole - Varadero, Cuba. Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole - Anolis
Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole - Anolis allisoni, also known as the blue-headed anole - Varadero, Cuba. Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole - Anolis
Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole Anolis allisoni, also known as the blue-headed anole - Varadero, Cuba. Cuban female lizard Allison`s Anole Anolis allisoni
Green female lizard walking. Green long female lizard looking towards camera, sunny day in Moldova
Green female lizard walking. Back of green long female lizard walking away, sunny day in Moldova
Lizard in hunt. Bright green Lacerta viridis female lizard in a hunt
A lizard hiding in the grass. A female lizard crouched on the dry leaves of the steppe
Black iguana , female - Ctenosaura similis. Black iguana - female , lizard native to Mexico and central America
Lizard on fern. Female lizard perched on fern
Lizard on fern. Female lizard perched on fern
Lizard on the grass. The head of a female lizard, macro photo of the head of a female lizard, Lacerta agilis
Lizard on the grass. The head of a female lizard, macro photo of the head of a female lizard, Lacerta agilis
Lizard on the grass. The head of a female lizard, macro photo of the head of a female lizard, Lacerta agilis
Lizard on the grass. The head of a female lizard, macro photo of the head of a female lizard, Lacerta agilis
Mrs. Lizard. The female lizard Lacerta agilis in Przedbórz, Poland
Lizard on the grass. The head of a female lizard, macro photo of the head of a female lizard, Lacerta agilis
Lizard on the grass. The head of a female lizard, macro photo of the head of a female lizard, Lacerta agilis
Lizard on the grass. The head of a female lizard, macro photo of the head of a female lizard, Lacerta agilis
Lizard on the grass. The head of a female lizard, macro photo of the head of a female lizard, Lacerta agilis
Lizard on the grass. The head of a female lizard, macro photo of the head of a female lizard, Lacerta agilis
Lizard on the grass. The head of a female lizard, macro photo of the head of a female lizard, Lacerta agilis
Lizard on the grass. The head of a female lizard, macro photo of the head of a female lizard, Lacerta agilis
Lizard on the grass. The head of a female lizard, macro photo of the head of a female lizard, Lacerta agilis
Lizard on the grass. The head of a female lizard, macro photo of the head of a female lizard, Lacerta agilis
Lizard on the grass. The head of a female lizard, macro photo of the head of a female lizard, Lacerta agilis
Lizard on the grass. The head of a female lizard, macro photo of the head of a female lizard, Lacerta agilis
Lizard on the grass. The head of a female lizard, macro photo of the head of a female lizard, Lacerta agilis
Lizard on the grass. The head of a female lizard, macro photo of the head of a female lizard, Lacerta agilis
Lizard on the grass. The head of a female lizard, macro photo of the head of a female lizard, Lacerta agilis
Lacerta trilineata portrait. Portrait of a female lizard Lacerta trilineata in nature, Croatia
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Female Jackson's Chameleon lizard, Chama. Beautiful green and blue female Jackson's Chameleon lizard, Chamaeleo jacksonii, using camouflage and walking across a
Female of sand lizard Lacerta agilis isolated on white. Background
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Female and male of sand lizard Lacerta agilis isolated on whit. E background
Female adult Eastern Green Lizard. Female Eastern Green Lizard - Lacerta viridis - in southern Bulgaria, Eastern Rhodope Mountains
A female common agama or agama agama lizard. This is a female common agama, red-headed rock agama, or rainbow agama is a species of lizard from the family
A female common agama or agama agama lizard. This is a female, agama agama, common agama, red-headed rock agama, or rainbow agama. It is a species of lizard from
Female Catalonian Wall Lizard on wall. A female Catalan Wall Lizard - Podarcis liolepis - climbing on a natural stonewall in eastern Spain, Catalonia
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Female collared lizard. A colorful female collared lizard sunning on a rock
Female Lava Lizard. On Espanola Island in the Galapagos
Female Catalonian Wall Lizard. A female Catalonian Wall Lizard - Podarcis liolepis - looks from behind it`s basking rock in northeastern Catalonia, southern
Female Agama Lizard. (agama agama) in Serengeti, Tanzania
Female adult Eastern Green Lizard. Female Eastern Green Lizard - Lacerta viridis - basking at the ancient historic ruins of Perperikon in southern Bulgaria
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Female Platysaurus lizard on a rock in Mapungubwe, South Africa. Female Platysaurus lizard on a brown rock in Mapungubwe, South Africa
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Female Hood lava lizard on Espanola Island, Galapagos National p. Female Hood lava lizard Microlophus delanonis on Espanola Island, Galapagos National park
Female of sand lizard on the rock. Female of sand lizard, latin name Lacerta agilis on mountain Mokra Gora in Serbia
Female of sand lizard on the rock. Female of sand lizard, latin name Lacerta agilis on mountain Mokra Gora in Serbia
Female of sand lizard on the rock. Female of sand lizard, latin name Lacerta agilis on mountain Mokra Gora in Serbia
Female of sand lizard on the rock. Female of sand lizard, latin name Lacerta agilis on mountain Mokra Gora in Serbia
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Female Lizard Sexy
