Female Is

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Female (symbol: ♀) is the sex of an organism that produces non-mobile ova (egg cells), the type of gamete that fuses with the male gamete during sexual reproduction.[1][2]
Most female mammals, including female humans, have two X chromosomes. Female characteristics vary between different species with some species having pronounced female characteristics, such as the presence of pronounced mammary glands in mammals. There is no single genetic mechanism behind sex differences in different species and the existence of two sexes seems to have evolved multiple times independently in different evolutionary lineages.[citation needed]
The word female comes from the Latin femella, the diminutive form of femina, meaning "woman";[3] it is not etymologically related to the word male.[4][5] Female can also be used to refer to gender.
Females produce ova, the larger gametes in a heterogamous reproduction system, while the smaller and usually motile gametes, the spermatozoa, are produced by males.[2][6] A female cannot reproduce sexually without access to the gametes of a male, and vice versa, but in some species females can reproduce by themselves asexually, for example via parthenogenesis.[7]
There is no single genetic mechanism behind sex differences in different species, and the existence of two sexes seems to have evolved multiple times independently in different evolutionary lineages.[8][better source needed] Patterns of sexual reproduction include:
Other than the defining difference in the type of gamete produced, differences between males and females in one lineage cannot always be predicted by differences in another. The concept is not limited to animals; egg cells are produced by chytrids, diatoms, water moulds and land plants, among others. In land plants, female and male designate not only the egg- and sperm-producing organisms and structures, but also the structures of the sporophytes that give rise to male and female plants.[citation needed]
A distinguishing characteristic of the class Mammalia is the presence of mammary glands. Mammary glands are modified sweat glands that produce milk, which is used to feed the young for some time after birth. Only mammals produce milk. Mammary glands are obvious in humans, because the female human body stores large amounts of fatty tissue near the nipples, resulting in prominent breasts. Mammary glands are present in all mammals, although they are normally redundant in males of the species.[11]
Most mammalian females have two copies of the X chromosome, while males have only one X and one smaller Y chromosome; some mammals, such as the platypus, have different combinations.[12][13] One of the female's X chromosomes is randomly inactivated in each cell of placental mammals while the paternally derived X is inactivated in marsupials. In birds and some reptiles, by contrast, it is the female which is heterozygous and carries a Z and a W chromosome while the male carries two Z chromosomes. Intersex conditions can entail other combinations, such as X0 or XXX.[14][better source needed] In mammals, these are considered female, as long as they do not have a Y chromosome.[15][16]
Mammalian females bear live young, with the exception of monotreme females, which lay eggs.[17] Some non-mammalian species, such as guppies, have analogous reproductive structures; and some other non-mammals, such as some sharks, also bear live young.[18]
In sex determination for mammals, female is the default sex, while in the poplar genus Populus the default is male.[19]
The word female comes from the Latin femella, the diminutive form of femina, meaning "woman"; it is not etymologically related to the word male, but in the late 14th century the spelling was altered in English to parallel the spelling of male.[4][5] Female can refer to either sex or gender[20][21] or a shape of connectors.[22][23]
The symbol ♀ (Unicode: U+2640 Alt codes: Alt+12), a circle with a small cross underneath, is commonly used to represent females. Joseph Justus Scaliger once speculated that the symbol was associated with Venus, goddess of beauty because it resembles a bronze mirror with a handle,[24] but modern scholars consider that fanciful, and the most established view is that the female and male symbols derive from contractions in Greek script of the Greek names of the planets Thouros (Mars) and Phosphoros (Venus).[25][26]
Species that are divided into females and males are classified as gonochoric in animals, as dioecious in seed plants[27] and as dioicous in cryptogams.[28]:82
In some species, female and hermaphrodite individuals may coexist, a sexual system termed gynodioecy.[29] In a few species, female individuals coexist with males and simultaneous hermaphrodites; this sexual system is called trioecy.[30] In Thor manningi primary females coexist with primary males and protandrous hermaphrodites.[31]
The sex of a particular organism may be determined by genetic or environmental factors, or may naturally change during the course of an organism's life.[29]
The sex of most mammals, including humans, is genetically determined by the XY sex-determination system where males have X and Y (as opposed to X and X) sex chromosomes. During reproduction, the male contributes either an X sperm or a Y sperm, while the female always contributes an X egg. A Y sperm and an X egg produce a male, while an X sperm and an X egg produce a female. The ZW sex-determination system, where males have ZZ (as opposed to ZW) sex chromosomes, is found in birds, reptiles and some insects and other organisms.[29]
The young of some species develop into one sex or the other depending on local environmental conditions, e.g. the sex of crocodilians is influenced by the temperature of their eggs. Other species (such as the goby) can transform, as adults, from one sex to the other in response to local reproductive conditions (such as a brief shortage of males).[32]
Look up female in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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^ Grzimek, Bernhard (2003). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 1. Gale. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-0-7876-5362-0. During sexual reproduction, each parent animal must form specialized cells known as gametes...In virtually all animals that reproduce sexually, the gametes occur in two morphologically distinct forms corresponding to male and female. These distinctions in form and structure are related to the specific functions of each gamete. The differences become apparent during the latter stages of spermatogenesis (for male gametes) and oogenesis (for female gametes)....After oogenetic meiosis, the morphological transformation of the female gamete generally includes development of a large oocyte that does not move around....The ambiguous term "egg" is often applied to oocytes and other fertilizable stages of female gametes....Spermatogenesis and oogenesis most often occur in different individual animals known as males and females respectively.
^ a b Martin, Elizabeth; Hine, Robert (2015). A Dictionary of Biology. Oxford University Press. p. 222. ISBN 978-0-19-871437-8. Female 1. Denoting the gamete (sex cell) that, during sexual reproduction, fuses with a male gamete in the process of fertilization. Female gametes are generally larger than the male gametes and are usually immotile (see Oosphere; Ovum). 2. (Denoting) an individual organism whose reproductive organs produce only female gametes.
^ Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary - fēmella, ae, f. dim. femina Retrieved 2019-11-24
^ a b Online Etymology Dictionary - Female (n.) Retrieved 2019-11-24
^ a b Donald M. Ayers, English Words from Latin and Greek Elements, second edition (1986, University of Arizona Press), p. 113
^ David E. Sadava, H. Craig Heller, William K. Purves, Life: The Science of Biology (2008), p. 899
^ Franz Engelmann, G. A. Kerkut, The Physiology of Insect Reproduction (2015), p. 29
^ Christopher Alan Anderson, "The Metaphysics of Sex ...in a Changing World!"
^ Kumar R, Meena M, Swapnil P (2019). "Anisogamy". In Vonk J, Shackelford T (eds.). Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1–5. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_340-1. ISBN 978-3-319-47829-6. Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Anisogamy can be defined as a mode of sexual reproduction in which fusing gametes, formed by participating parents, are dissimilar in size.
^ Dusenbery, David B. (2009). Living at Micro Scale, Chapter 20. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts ISBN 978-0-674-03116-6.
^ Swaminathan, Nikhil. "Strange but True: Males Can Lactate". Scientific American.
^ Adrian T. Sumner, Chromosomes: Organization and Function (2008), pp. 97-98
^ Benjamin A. Pierce, Genetics: A Conceptual Approach (2012), p. 73
^ Jennifer K. Bosson, Joseph A. Vandello, Camille E. Buckner, The Psychology of Sex and Gender (2018), page 107
^ John R. McCarrey, Ursula K. Abbott, "Sex Determination in Animals", in Advances in Genetics (1979), volume 20, pages 219-220
^ Hake, Laura; O'Connor, Clare. "Genetic Mechanisms of Sex Determination | Learn Science at Scitable". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2021-04-13.
^ Terry Vaughan, James Ryan, Nicholas Czaplewski, Mammalogy (2011), pp. 391, 412
^ Quentin Bone, Richard Moore, Biology of Fishes (2008), page 234
^ Cronk, Quentin; Müller, Niels A. (2020-07-29). "Default Sex and Single Gene Sex Determination in Dioecious Plants". Frontiers in Plant Science. 11: 1162. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.01162. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 7403218. PMID 32849717.
^ Laura Palazzani, Gender in Philosophy and Law (2012), page v
^ L. Gordon, "On difference", in Genders (1991), p. 95
^ J. Richard Johnson, How to Build Electronic Equipment (1962), p. 167: "To minimize confusion, the connector portions with projecting prongs are referred to as the 'male' portion, and the sockets as the 'female' portion."
^ Richard Ferncase, Film and Video Lighting Terms and Concepts (2013), p. 96: "female[:] Refers to a socket type connector, which must receive a male connector"
^ Taylor, Robert B. (2016), "Now and Future Tales", White Coat Tales, Springer International Publishing, pp. 293–310, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29055-3_12, ISBN 978-3-319-29053-9
^ Stearn, William T. (May 1962). "The Origin of the Male and Female Symbols of Biology". Taxon. 11 (4): 109–113. doi:10.2307/1217734. JSTOR 1217734. S2CID 87030547. The origin of these symbols has long been of interest to scholars. Probably none now accepts the interpretation of Scaliger that ♂ represents the shield and spear of Mars and ♀ Venus's looking glass.
^ G D Schott, Sex, drugs, and rock and roll: Sex symbols ancient and modern: their origins and iconography on the pedigree, BMJ 2005;331:1509-1510 (24 December), doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1509
^ Fusco, Giuseppe; Minelli, Alessandro (2019-10-10). The Biology of Reproduction. Cambridge University Press. pp. 115–116. ISBN 978-1-108-49985-9.
^ Buck WR & Goffinet B (August 2000). "Morphology and classification of mosses". In Shaw AJ & Goffinet B (ed.). Bryophyte Biology. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-66794-4.
^ a b c Bachtrog D, Mank JE, Peichel CL, Kirkpatrick M, Otto SP, Ashman TL, et al. (July 2014). "Sex determination: why so many ways of doing it?". PLOS Biology. 12 (7): e1001899. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001899. PMC 4077654. PMID 24983465.
^ Leonard, Janet L. (2019-05-21). Transitions Between Sexual Systems: Understanding the Mechanisms of, and Pathways Between, Dioecy, Hermaphroditism and Other Sexual Systems. Springer. p. 23. ISBN 978-3-319-94139-4.
^ Fusco, Giuseppe; Minelli, Alessandro (2019-10-10). The Biology of Reproduction. Cambridge University Press. pp. 133–135. ISBN 978-1-108-49985-9.
^ Gemmell, Neil J.; Muncaster, Simon; Liu, Hui; Todd, Erica V. (2016). "Bending Genders: The Biology of Natural Sex Change in Fish". Sexual Development. 10 (5–6): 223–241. doi:10.1159/000449297. ISSN 1661-5425. PMID 27820936.
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"Female" is a scientific term that refers to the sex of a species that is capable of producing children. The term "woman" refers specifically to human beings, while "female" could refer to any species. 2. Because reducing a woman to her reproductive abilities is dehumanizing and exclusionary.
www.buzzfeed.com/tracyclayton/stop-calling-w…
What's the difference between a woman and a female?
What's the difference between a woman and a female?
The term "woman" refers specifically to human beings, while "female" could refer to any species. 5. Because it's grammatically weird. The word "female," in its primary usage, is an adjective.
jezebel.com/the-problem-with-calling-wo…
What happens when you call a woman a female?
What happens when you call a woman a female?
"When you refer to a woman as a female, you're ignoring the fact that she is a female human," write Nigatu and Clayton, pointing out the connotation that follows: "It reduces a woman to her reproductive parts and abilities."
jezebel.com/the-problem-with-calling-wo…
What is the medical definition of a female?
What is the medical definition of a female?
Medical Definition of female (Entry 1 of 2) : an individual that bears young or produces eggs as distinguished from one that produces sperm especially : a woman or girl as distinguished from a man or boy
www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fem…
Where does the word female come from in English?
Where does the word female come from in English?
The word comes from the Latin femella, meaning “young woman, girl,” which in turn is based on femina, meaning “woman.” In English, the similarity in form and sound between the words female and male led people to use only the female spelling. This closeness also led to the belief that female comes from or is somehow related to male.
www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fem…
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/female
Female definition is - of, relating to, or being the sex that typically has the capacity to bear young or produce eggs. How to use female in a …
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Females
Ориентировочное время чтения: 8 мин
A distinguishing characteristic of the class Mammalia is the presence of mammary glands. The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that produce milk, which is used to feed the young for some time after birth. Only mammals produce milk. Mammary glands are obvious in humans, because the female human body stores large amounts of fatty tissue near the nipples, resulting in prominent breasts. Mammary glands are present in all mammals, although they are normally redundant in males of the species.
A distinguishing characteristic of the class Mammalia is the presence of mammary glands. The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that produce milk, which is used to feed the young for some time after birth. Only mammals produce milk. Mammary glands are obvious in humans, because the female human body stores large amounts of fatty tissue near the nipples, resulting in prominent breasts. Mammary glands are present in all mammals, although they are normally redundant in males of the species.

Most mammalian females have two copies of the X chromosome as opposed to males which have only one X and one smaller Y chromosome; some mammals, such as the platypus, have different combinations. One of the female's X chromosomes is randomly inactivated in each cell of placental mammals while the paternally derived X is inactivated in marsupials. In birds and some reptiles, by contrast, it is the female which is heterozygous and carries a Z and a W chromosome whilst the male carries two Z chromosomes. Intersex conditions can also give rise to other combinations, such as XO or XXX in mammals, which are still considered as female so long as they do not contain a Y chromosome.

Mammalian females bear live young, with the exception of monotreme females, which lay eggs. Some non-mammalian species, such as guppies, have analogous reproductive structures; and some other non-mammals, such as sharks, whose eggs hatch inside their bodies, also have the appearance of bearing live young.
Са́мка — у биологических видов, имеющих половое размножение и связанный с этим половой диморфизм, форма живого организма, обладающая женскими половыми признаками своего вида и отличающаяся ими от мужской формы того же биологического вида. К числу женских половых признаков относят первичные, вторичные и другие. Женские и мужские экземпляры выделяются и у животных, и у растений, но термины «самка» и «самец» используются по отношению к животным.
Females. 4.5 Million on Tiktok @females . females@lemanagement.co 💕. Posts. Reels. Tagged.
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/female
Female definition, a person bearing two X chromosomes in the cell nuclei and normally having a vagina, a uterus and ovaries, and developing at puberty a relatively rounded body and enlarged breasts, and retaining a beardless face; a girl …
https://time.com/4300170/female-word
20.04.2016 · A female can be any species, Lakoff argues, but only a human can be a woman, so to refer to a woman as a female “is to subtly downgrade her to a lower mammalian status, rather like calling a guy ...
https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/female
31.07.2021 · female (not generally comparable, comparative femaler or more female, superlative femalest or most female) Belonging to the sex which typically produces eggs , or to the gender which is typically associated with it. [from 14th c.] female authors, the leading male and female artists, a female bird cooing at a male, intersex female …
https://www.buzzfeed.com/tracyclayton/stop-calling-women-females
08.10.2014 · "Female" is a scientific term that refers to the sex of a species that is capable of producing children. The term "woman" refers specifically to human beings, while "female" could refer to any ...
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