Female Feline

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https://www.reference.com/pets-animals/female-cat-called-75558175d244e7e8
Перевести · 04.08.2015 · Female cats are typically referred to as "Molly" or "Queen." The term "Queen" is more suitable for cats that are nursing or pregnant, as it portrays more of a motherly tone. If the specific cat in mention is currently raising kittens or is a soon-to-be mother, the term "Queen" would be an acceptable title, but female …
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Перевести · Your Female Feline stock images are ready. Download all free or royalty-free photos and vectors. Use them in commercial designs under lifetime, perpetual & …
https://veteriankey.com/female-feline-sexual-behavior
Перевести · Chapter 6 Female Feline Sexual Behavior Throughout the years when cats have been closely associated with humans, selective breeding has accentuated certain color patterns and physical features. …
https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/FemaleFelineMaleMutt
Перевести · The Female Feline, Male Mutt trope as used in popular culture. It seems whenever cats and dogs are paired together, the dog will almost always be male while …
Female Feline and Canine Urinary Catheter Placement and Care
Female Feline Frenzy promoting cat population control
Two male cats reject same female cat in heat ( Opposite World )
FLUTD - Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease
https://allaboutcats.com/feline-genitalia-guide
Перевести · 28.03.2021 · While a human uterus looks like an upside-down pear, the feline uterus consists of two long uterine horns, connected in a “V” shape. The feline uterus is described as bicornuate, meaning …
www.pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com/cat-in-heat.html
Перевести · The Female Cat in Heat - The Signs and Symptoms of Feline Estrus. The feline estrus cycle, otherwise known as the "female reproductive cycle" or "heat cycle" of the female cat, is a repetitive cycle of seasonally and hormonally driven fluctuations in a female cat's fertility and sexual receptivity.
Female cats are typically referred to as "Molly" or "Queen.". The term "Queen" is more suitable for cats that are nursing or pregnant, as it portrays more of a motherly tone.
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Who is the female on the feline scale?
Who is the female on the feline scale?
Based on a woman's age, this scale classifies women (who prey on younger men for their sexual appetite) as felines. Jessica Biel is a Lynx on the Feline Scale, but Heidi Klum, Demi Moore, Jane Seymour, and Dame Judi Dench are classified as Puma, Cougar, Jaguar, and Cheetah, respectively.
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What does it mean when a female cat is in estrus?
What does it mean when a female cat is in estrus?
"Estrus" is the stage of the female reproductive cycle (feline estrus cycle) whereby the female cat is sexually receptive to the entire male cat and will stand for him to allow mating. It is defined on the basis of the female cat's sexual behavior: in particular, her willingness to mate.
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What does it mean when a female cat is willing to mate?
What does it mean when a female cat is willing to mate?
It is defined on the basis of the female cat's sexual behavior: in particular, her willingness to mate.
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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_cats_and_other_felines
Перевести · 11.09.2002 · This is a list of fictional cats and felines and is a subsidiary to the list of fictional animals.It includes a limited selection of notable felines from various works, organized by medium. …
https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Feline Scale
Перевести · Feline Scale Based on a woman's age, this scale classifies women (who prey on younger men for their sexual appetite) as felines. The scale is as follows: Age 0-12: Housecat Age 13-17: Bobcat Age …
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Chapter 6 Female Feline Sexual Behavior
The onset of estrous behavior may seem rather sudden to the owner because of a relatively short proestrous phase. Proestrus lasts between 1 and 3 days, and the associated behavior is highly variable among individuals. Only 16.1% of cats show proestrus.105 For these, it typically begins as a subtle increase in general activity and progresses to increased rubbing against objects, especially with the head and neck. This behavior may prompt owners to report that their cat has become friendlier. A tomcat’s approach no longer results in immediate sexual aggression by the female. The male cat’s neck grip and mount may initially cause the female to crouch partially and tread temporarily. His advances during proestrus eventually initiate her aggression. During this time owners may witness more aggressive interactions between the male and female than between tomcats.20 Amicable behaviors are also more often initiated by the female, and she is more likely to interact with a male that she knows.20 Her rubbing the chin and cheek on objects, including the tomcat, becomes very marked within 36 hours of the onset of proestrus, and when done to a person, it may be related to courtship rather than marking.24 Rubbing progresses to rolling, either gentle or violent, which is usually associated with purring, rhythmic opening and closing of the claws, squirming, and stretching81,111 (Figure 6-1). Catnip may evoke a somewhat similar behavior.
Typical estrous mating behavior resumes in 11 to 95 minutes (mean 19 minutes). Experienced pairs may mate as frequently as 8 times in 20 minutes, or 10 times per hour.5,30,31 Female cats have been known to mate more than 50 times during an estrous period.51 As mating continues over the next few days, the refractory period (the time between these behaviors) becomes longer. The female mating interval, however, actually decreases, and she becomes more active in encouraging the male to mount. This is particularly true of naive females.122 Thus the male is primarily responsible for the increased time lapse between breedings. An estrous female can be conditioned to assume the estrous posture whenever she is placed in the mating area, even in the absence of a male.81,122
A mutual attraction between tomcat and queen can last for extended periods. A female will generally accept a number of males during her estrous period, and many litters have multiple sires.24,26,30 If there is a central tomcat, he is the primary breeder of that female group, even with other peripheral males courting the females.72 This is because of his proximity to the queens. He is not likely to fight off other males though, because it would be too dangerous for any one male to attempt to keep them all away.85 When females are in the proximity of related males, they are more likely to leave their home areas during estrus than are those without related males nearby.73
The cat is an induced ovulator, so an estrous female generally does not ovulate unless mating occurs. Ovulation occurs approximately 24 hours after copulation—the same amount of time needed for sperm to capacitate.85 The ovulation is probably induced by vaginal stimulation from the male’s penile spines or by artificial means, such as with a glass rod. More than one natural mating may be necessary for conception.104 Artificial stimulation requires several insertions of approximately 10 seconds in duration, 5 to 10 minutes apart, over a 48-hour period. Successful stimulation by either method causes the typical postcopulation aggression. The number of ovulation sites on the ovary varies directly with the number of matings and can include as many as 86.6% of the follicles with repeated matings.124 All eggs leave the ovary at the same time.26
The female remains in estrus for 2.5 to 11.1 days (range 2 to 19 days), a period that may include proestrus and metestrus.96,105 She is most receptive on the third and fourth days if mated during that time. Estrus ends rather abruptly, within 24 hours after coitus. If pregnant, the cat usually will not return to estrus again until the next seasonal peak or the next year. However, about 10% of the pregnant queens display estrous behavior and produce a vaginal smear typical of estrus during the third to sixth week of gestation, possibly because of estrogen secretion by the placenta.3,102,109 Mating at this time can result in superfetation.57,109 Nursing queens have also been known to exhibit estrus 7 to 10 days after parturition, but estrus generally does not occur during lactation, so most do not return to estrus until 6 to 8 weeks after giving birth. It can be delayed as long as 21 weeks.58,102 Postpartum estrus has a shorter duration than the initial estrus, averaging 3.8 days.99
When no tomcat is present, the female remains in estrus for 10 to 14 days, although the first estrus might last only 5 to 10 days.51 She returns to estrus in 9.0±7.6 days (range 5 to 22 days).105 Some studies suggest a minimal difference between bred and open estrus duration.96,105 The average estrous cycle is 21 to 29 days long, but it can vary from 5 to 73 days. Young females tend to exhibit minimal estrous signs; become hyperexcitable, anorectic, or withdrawn; and have a shorter estrous period. In contrast, older females continue to cycle, even though the interval between estrous periods might increase and duration and intensity of estrous behavior decrease. Approximately 35% of the time, ovulation will occur without coitus.66 In such a cat or in one that mated but did not conceive, the luteal phase will last 30 to 36 days and the interestrous interval is 35 to 76 days.96,105,124
Because some of the environmental factors that affect the onset of puberty in the female can also affect the onset of estrus, the nonpregnant female has been described as being in “potential” estrus during the mating season.30,31 The result of exposure to certain factors, such as a tomcat or other cycling females, is the appearance of proestrus and estrus within a few hours to 3 or 4 days and a synchronization with female groups.22,72,73 Valeric acid is plentiful in vaginal secretions during estrus and may be associated with the synchronization.11 Other factors, such as a colony relocation, can result in coordinating estrous cycles for 42% to 77% of the females.123
The behavior of metestrus begins with the appearance of leukocytes in the vaginal smear.80 This phase rarely lasts more than 24 hours and is generally included in time ranges given for estrus because all of the postural responses continue and mounting is allowed. The female aggressively rejects the male during this phase only when he attempts intromission.
In a laboratory setting, the pregnancy rate is 73.9% of bred queens, but because of reabsorptions, the queening rate is somewhat lower (65.2%).96 In general then, the uncontrolled female cat is always pregnant, nursing, or both, except possibly in the late fall, and her entire body is geared for these conditions. In a home environment where the female is not allowed to breed, she is probably healthier physiologically and psychologically if ovariohysterectomized.
In the week immediately preceding parturition, the queen will seek a dark, dry area where she can remain relatively undisturbed. Ideally, this place will also contain shelter from the elements and a soft bedding material. A queen can choose a single, hidden nest site, or if she is associated with a group, she may share a communal nest.76 Site selection may relate to the degree of cover available or the proximity to food sources for the queen or her older kittens. Perhaps it may even be chosen for the possible social interactions.27 This early selection of the nesting area allows for the time required for the site to take on the female’s odor so that she can relax in a familiar environment. This is somewhat similar to the function of sprayed urine in the tomcat’s environment. The amount of seclusion preferred by a female during parturition is highly individual. Some actually seek out human companionship at this time and may finally choose the owner’s bed as the queening area. Most prefer seclusion and would find the hayloft of a barn more acceptable. Queens living with several other related and unrelated females may use a communal nest.19,22,27,52 During the last week the queen drives off kittens from the previous litter that are still with her. After queening, however, she may accept them back to nurse with her new offspring. During this period before delivery, the queen usually spends an increasing amount of time in self-grooming, particularly of her mammary and perineal areas, perhaps because of the increased cutaneous sensitivity in those regions.5,24,100 Her personality may also become more irritable or defensive.
During the first phase, contraction, the queen spends a great deal of time licking herself or the newborns already delivered. The abdominal musculature shows obvious contractions, which are considered to accompany uterine contractions. Pelvic limb movements by the queen should help distinguish these abdominal contractions from fetal movements.100 Other signs of restlessness are obvious. In addition to squatting and scratching, the queen may circle, rearrange bedding, roll, or rub. She generally appears uncomfortable and seems to be constantly trying to adjust for some disturbance at the caudal portion of her body, even bracing her body against various objects. The duration of the contraction phase is variable, ranging from 12 seconds to 1½ hours.18,100
The third phase, delivery, represents passage of the fetus from the vulva100 (Figure 6-6). Licking directed specifically at the newborn increases, although the queen may not begin immediately after the delivery. This licking supplies the stimulus for initiation of the newborn’s respiration if passage through the birth canal did not. A first-litter queen tends to be the most restless and is less likely to lick herself and each kitten correctly.22 Experience apparently is needed to refine these behaviors. From lateral recumbency the queen may try to reposition herself after the delivery and may coincidentally drag the kitten around by the still-attached umbilical cord, perhaps even stepping or sitting on it. Distress cries from this newborn or others are often ignored by the queen at this time, perhaps because of the excitement associated with parturition, or incomprehension of the vocal cue, or both.22,100 Kittens can be injured during this period. Shortly after parturition, generally 1 to 4 minutes later, the female becomes responsive to the kittens.18,100 She will sever the umbilical cord shortly after the delivery in about one third of the births (Figure 6-7).
There is tremendous variation in the intervals between kitten births, ranging normally from 32 seconds to more than 50 minutes.53,100 Most kittens are born within 15 to 30 minutes of each other, with a total delivery time of 1 to 2 hours.13,14 Some normal queens will take as much as 33 hours to complete the deliveries, but usually external disturbances, such as the absence of an owner or the moving of a nesting area, cause this extreme delay. Uterine inertia is relatively rare in cats.61 There is no relationship between the sequence of a kitten’s birth and the interval between its birth and that of its littermates.
The last of the four phases of parturition, as they usually occur, is the placental phase. During this time the placenta is expelled from the genital tract. Immediately before this expulsion, the female becomes restless, again appearing to focus her attention toward the caudal part of her body. She responds promptly to the emergence of this tissue, sometimes eating it before it has completely emerged100 (Figure 6-8). No relationship has been shown between the sequence of the births and either the interval of response to the placentas or the rate and completeness of its consumption.100 At times, a second or even third kitten is born before the umbilical cord of the first is severed or the placenta passed, but each will be attended to as time permits. Nutritive value from the afterbirth is considerable and allows the queen to spend more time with her offspring for the first few days than if she had to seek food as usual. In addition, this behavior minimizes the soiling of the nest area. The queen continues genital and neonatal licking during the placental phase but takes time to sever the umbilical cord with her carnassial teeth. Their crushing action, the stretching of the vessels, or both prevent fatal umbilical hemorrhage.40,100 The queen’s care during this phase makes cannibalism as a consequence of overzealous eating of the placenta and cord very rare.
The number of kittens born to a queen varies considerably, usually ranging between one and nine. Record litters of 13 kittens and one unusual incidence of a queen carrying 18 fetuses have been reported.9,125 Of the kittens born alive, between 72% and 87% will be successfully raised to weaning.58,89,96,101 Three to five then is an average litter, even for artificially induced pregnancies, and the male/female ratio of these kittens varies from 1:1 to 4:3. Although 7% of the older queens will litter three times a year, the mean is 2 litters.73,95 Most litters result from several matings on consecutive days. Even though this increases the number of ovulation sites, litter size is not affected by the number of days the queen mates.90 A queen then will normally bear between 50 and 150 kittens in a breeding life of about 10 years if allowed to mate naturally.127 Some may produce for 13 or more years, but peak productivity is generally between the ages of 2 and 8 years.5,60 One cat is known to have produced 420 kittens in 17 years, and another is said to have been pregnant at 26 years of age.17,125 At 8 kittens per year per generation, a queen could ultimately be responsible for 174,760 cats in 7 years.12
Normal birth weight varies between 80 to 120 g, averaging about 113 g.35,47,59 Also, the total birth weight relative to the queen’s weight is significantly greater for kittens born to smaller queens compared with that of kittens born to larger females. This is despite the fact that larger queens tend to produce a larger number of kittens in each litter.35
In cats, abortion and stillbirths are common; one or two often occur per litter.58,101 The incidence is 4.7% stillbirths.96 These events may be difficult to observe, because the queen normally eats these fetuses. The stillborn rate is higher in older queens; in overweight cats; and in the Persian, Maine coon, Himalayan, and Manx breeds.59,75,89,90,101 Other losses are ass
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