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Northern Cassowary
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Binturong
Shoebill
Tiger
Siberian Tiger
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Steller Sea Lion
Dhole
Malayan Tapir
California Condor
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Red Wolf
Western Gorilla
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Animalia
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Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
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FelidaeĀ is theĀ familyĀ ofĀ cats . A member of this family is also called aĀ felid .
Living cats belong to theĀ subfamilies:
Cats areĀ obligate carnivores; they must consume meat to survive. Therefore, they are sometimes referred to as hypercarnivores because of the much higher proportion ofĀ proteinĀ they require in their diet; much more than most other mammals. Of the 13 terrestrial families in theĀ order Carnivora, they are the strictestĀ carnivores.
The first cats emerged during theĀ Oligocene, about 25 million years ago. InĀ prehistoricĀ times, there was a third subfamily, theĀ Machairodontinae, which included the "saber-toothed cats", such as theĀ Smilodon . Other superficially cat-like mammals, such as theĀ metatheriansĀ Thylacosmilus andĀ Thylacoleo , or theĀ Nimravidae, are not included in Felidae despiteĀ superficial similarities.
The 41 known cat species (40 if the Iriomote cat is considered to be only a subspecies of the Bengal cat) in the world today are all descended from a common ancestor. Cats originated in Asia and spread acrossĀ continentsĀ by crossingĀ land bridges. Testing ofĀ mitochondrialĀ andĀ nuclear DNAĀ revealed that the ancient cats evolved into eight main lineages that diverged in the course of at least 10 migrations (in both directions) from continent to continent via theĀ Bering land bridgeĀ and theĀ Isthmus of Panama, with theĀ PantheraĀ genus being the oldest and theĀ FelisĀ genus being the youngest. About 60% of the modern cat species are estimated to have developed within the last million years.
Felidae's closest relatives are thought to be theĀ Asiatic linsangs.Ā Together with theĀ Viverridae,Ā hyenas,Ā mongooses, andĀ Madagascar carnivores, they form the suborderĀ Feliformia.
Most cat species share a genetic anomaly that prevents them from tasting sweetness.
Most cat species have aĀ haploidĀ number of 18 or 19. New World cats (those in Central and South America) have a haploid number of 18, possibly due to the combination of two smallerĀ chromosomesĀ into a larger one. Prior to this discovery, biologists had been largely unable to establish a family tree of cats fromĀ fossilĀ records because the fossils of different cat species all look very much alike, differing primarily in size.
Domestic cats may either have a long or short tail. At one point, biologists had to consider whether the short tail also found in the lynx was the ancestral or derived trait. Without looking at the fossil record, researchers could look at outgroups and their character state. It turns out that all animals belonging to Felidaeās sister taxa Viverridae have long tails. Thus, the long tails of domestic cats, lions, and pumas represent the ancestral character state. Although simplified, this method applies to the evolution of domestic cats.
Many domestic cats display a rosette pattern on their coats. This character state, however, is not related to the rosettes found on big cats. Domestic cats and big cats underwent convergent evolution for this trait. The most common ancestor to all cats had a flecked coat. Lynxes display this character state. The jaguarundi lost this character state secondarily. The most common recent ancestor of snow leopards, tigers, jaguars, lions, and leopards developed a coat with rosette patterns from the flecked patterns. Tigers and lions, however, do not display rosettes as adults. They both have lost this ancestral character state over time. Adult tigers actually display elongated rosettes that now appear as stripes. Adult lions seem to lack any distinctive markings altogether. Both juvenile tigers and lions, however, display partial rosettes. This ancestral character state appears only during these early stages. Thus, the rosette patterns found on snow leopards, jaguars, and leopards all have a common origin.
Carnivores compete against each other. There is fossil evidence that felids have been more successful thanĀ canidsĀ in North America.
Cats areĀ obligate carnivores, requiring a diet of meat and organs to survive. Aside from theĀ lion, wild felids are generally solitary;Ā feralĀ domestic cats do, however, formĀ colonies. Cheetahs are also known to live and hunt in groups. Felids are generally secretive animals, often nocturnal, and live in relatively inaccessible habitats. Around three-quarters of cat species live inĀ forestedĀ terrain, and they are generally agile climbers. However, fel
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