Father And Young Girls

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Last September, on a Sunday afternoon, my wife and I were walking through “Speakers Corner” in Hyde Park, London. I was amazed by the number of men who were there passionately trying to convince the masses of people why their ideas were good and true. My wife directed my attention to a man holding a sign that read, “Thank you for not breeding. From the unborn children, animals, and the environment.” The man noticed me looking at the sign and signaled for me to come over for a chat. So, I engaged. In short, this passionate Englishman told me he had three daughters of his own and felt it was a mistake to bring children into this “immoral and terrible world.” 
Was he right about the diagnosis and prescription for today’s world problems? Or is it possible that he had it completely backward? Meaning, is the world in moral decay due to fathers like him not stepping up to their duty and privilege?
He clearly has bought into a belief that is quite common in our society today: Fathers are not very valuable and even useful to their children—especially to their daughters.
In 2014, Rolling Stone interviewed pop icon, Katy Perry. When asked if she was interested in having children of her own, Perry naively declared:
I don’t need a dude [to have a child]...It’s 2014! We are living in the future...I’m not anti-men. I love men. But there is an option if someone doesn’t present himself.
As a professor of family studies, a father of three daughters, and one who has spoken in countries all over the world about the importance of the father-daughter relationship, I take issue with the “wisdom” expressed by both Katy Perry—a daughter—and my English acquaintance in Hyde Park—a father of daughters. These ideas perpetuate a vicious lie about how much men (i.e., fathers) and women (i.e., daughters) need each other.
So, I would like to take this opportunity to share a portion of the evidence demonstrating the remarkable potential of the father-daughter relationship and the disastrous consequences for all when it is ignored.
The Most Fragile and Unstable Parent-Child Relationship
The dynamic between fathers and their daughters has been characterized by one expert as the most “fragile and unstable” when compared to other parent-child relationships.1 It can be further described as one of the most powerful and vital relationships to individuals, communities, and nations. For instance, fathers have a profound impact on their daughters’ body image,2 clinical depression, eating disorders,3 self-esteem, and life satisfaction,4 to name but a few.
But of all the unique contributions a father makes in his daughter’s life, perhaps there is none of greater significance than in the area of sexual development and activity and romantic relationships.
Ms. Perry’s claim that she “doesn’t need a dude” to have children cuts to the heart of each of these critical areas and perpetuates the myth that men (fathers) and women (daughters) don’t really need each other.
Sadly, many adolescent girls in our sexualized Western world today find themselves in a tragic predicament. The conditions in our culture of both rampant fatherlessness and sexual promiscuity are incompatible with forming secure and healthy relationships with boys and with establishing stable families for the next generation. A young girl’s sexual development can significantly outpace her neurological and emotional development—the very resources needed to guide her sexual choices.
Herein lies the danger. Much of our culture today promotes sexual activity but void of healthy attachment or true intimacy. There is a great deal of evidence to suggest that high levels of father involvement (regardless of dad’s marital status) are predictive of high levels of intimacy, commitment, and trust in young female adults’ romantic relationships; whereas low levels of father involvement are predictive of the opposite.11
In other words, fathers can and should be their daughter’s “first love” as demonstrated in this video. How a father treats both his daughter and her mother can help a young woman feel safe and secure in her relationships with the boys and men in her life, including her future husband. Family scientists and evolutionary psychologists have discovered that girls appear to be born with an emotional, relational, and evolutionary void that a father is designated to fill. If left vacant, girls will be more likely to seek to fill it in with other, unhealthier substitutes. The father-daughter relationship is the one that best teaches young women about true love and intimacy, self-worth, and respect.
Professor Linda Nielsen summarized this in one profound sentence: "[T]he father has the greater impact on the daughter’s ability to trust, enjoy, and relate well to the males in her life.”
This truth has tremendous implications not just for fathers and daughters, but for society at large. The disintegration of this relationship can help to explain why the world may seem so terrible and immoral to the English father in Hyde Park. If all father-daughter relationships could be magically healed throughout the world, we would likely see a substantial decrease in many of the consequences of our over-sexualized culture, including, teen pregnancy, abortion, prostitution, sex-trafficking, sexually transmitted infections, and even gender inequality.
Moreover, I recently conducted an informal qualitative analysis of the stories of many women who call themselves “survivors” of the porn industry—women who, for many years, helped create sexually explicit material and have since managed to walk away. The vast majority of these women come from father-abusive or father-absent homes. Most spoke of the love and attention they had always wanted from men and felt they finally found it in “performing” for men.
In sum, John Mayer had it right all along:
Fathers, be good to your daughters,
Daughters will love like you do.
Girls become lovers and turn into mothers.
So mothers, be good to your daughters too.
This research and perspective on the power of father-daughter relationships can and should be a critical lens through which policymakers, academics, therapists, fathers, mothers, pop-icons, and even Hyde Park soap-boxers make sense of many of the problems in our world today. Perhaps, we should begin by holding up signs for fathers that read: “Thank you for loving your girls.” (Yes, sons matter, too. But that is not the point of this article.)
And Katy Perry, regardless of what year it is, it appears after all that you do need “a dude” to raise a child—especially a daughter.
Timothy Rarick, Ph.D., is a professor of Marriage, Family, & Child Development at Brigham Young University – Idaho. Dr. Rarick has spoken all over the world and several times at the United Nations regarding the importance of father-daughter relationships.
2. Sanftner, J. L., Ryan, W. J., & Pierce, P. "Application of a Relational Model to Understanding Body Image in College Women and Men," Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 23, 4 (2009), 262-280.
3. Maine, M. (2004). Father hunger: Fathers, daughters, and the pursuit of thinness. Gurze Books.
4. Allgood, S., Beckett, T., & Peterson, C. "The role of the father in the psychological well being of young adult daughters," North American Journal of Psychology, 33 (2012): 15–26.
5. Donahue, K. L., D'onofrio, B. M., Bates, J. E., Lansford, J. E., Dodge, K. A., & Pettit, G. S. "Early Exposure to Parents' Relationship Instability: Implications for Sexual Behavior and Depression in Adolescence," Journal of Adolescent Health, 47, 6 (2010): 547-554. See also: Ellis, B. J. (2004). "Timing of Pubertal Maturation in Girls: An Integrated Life History Approach," Psychological Bulletin, 130, 6 (2004): 920-958. And see: Quinlan, R. J. "Father absence, parental care, and female reproductive development," Evolution and Human Behavior, 24, 6 (2003): 376-390. Finally, see: Alvergne, A., Faurie, C., & Raymond, M. "Father–offspring resemblance predicts paternal investment in humans," Animal Behaviour, 78, 1 (2009): 61-69.
6. Steiner, M., Dunn, E., & Born, L., "Female-Specific Mood Disorders," Biological Psychiatry (2003): 849-859. 
7. Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. "Individual differences are accentuated during periods of social change: The sample case of girls at puberty," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 1 (1991): 157-168.
8. Graber, J. A., Lewinsohn, P. M., Seeley, J. R., & Brooks-Gunn, J. "Is Psychopathology Associated With the Timing of Pubertal Development?" Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 12 (1997): 1768-1776.
9. Mendle, J., Turkheimer, E., & Emery, R. E. "Detrimental psychological outcomes associated with early pubertal timing in adolescent girls," Developmental Review, 27, 2 (2007): 151-171.
10. Alleyne-Green, B., Grinnell-Davis, C., Clark, T. T., Quinn, C. R., & Cryer-Coupet, Q. R. "Father Involvement, Dating Violence, and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among a National Sample of Adolescent Females," Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31, 5 (2014), 810-830. 
11. Schaick, K. V., & Stolberg, A. L. "The impact of parental involvement and parental divorce on young adults’ intimate relationships," Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 36 (2001): 99–121.
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Your source for the latest research news
A young girl's relationship with her family, especially with her father, may influence at what age she enters puberty, according to Vanderbilt University researchers.
Girls with close, supportive relationships with their parents tend to develop later, while girls with cold or distant relationships with their parents develop at an earlier age.
The research is published in the most recent edition of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. The research was conducted by Bruce Ellis, a postdoctoral fellow at Vanderbilt (now at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand); Stephen McFadyen-Ketchum, adjunct assistant professor of psychology at Vanderbilt; Kenneth Dodge, professor of psychology and psychiatry at Vanderbilt (now at Duke University); Gregory Pettit of Auburn University; and John E. Bates of Indiana University.
The study looked at 173 girls and their families from Nashville and Knoxville, Tenn. and Bloomington, Ind. from the time the girls were in pre-kindergarten until they were in the seventh grade.
Girls who had close, positive relationships with their parents during the first five years of life tended to experience relatively late puberty, compared to girls who had more distant relationships with their parents. More specifically, the researchers found that the quality of fathers' involvement with daughters was the most important feature of the early family environment in relation to the timing of the daughters' puberty.
Girls who enter puberty later generally had fathers who were active participants in care-giving; had fathers who were supportive to the girls' mothers; and had positive relationships with their mothers. But it's the fathers' involvement, rather than the mothers', which seems to be paramount to the age of the girls' development. The researchers believe that girls have evolved to experience early socialization, with their "antennae" tuned to the fathers' role in the family (both in terms of father-daughter and father-mother relationships) and that girls may unconsciously adjust their timing of puberty based on their fathers' behavior.
The researchers found that girls raised in father-absent homes or dysfunctional father-present homes experienced relatively early pubertal timing.
They present several theories as to why this occurs. One biological explanation is that girls whose fathers are not present in the home may be exposed to other adult males - stepfathers or their mothers' boyfriends - and that exposure to pheromones produced by unrelated adult males accelerates female pubertal development. The flip side of that theory is that girls who live with their biological fathers in a positive environment are exposed to his pheromones and are inhibited from puberty, perhaps as a natural incest avoidance mechanism.
Girls who live with their fathers but have a cold or distant relationship with them would not be exposed to their fathers' pheromones as much as girls who have more interaction with their fathers, therefore causing the girls in the distant relationship to reach puberty earlier, the researchers hypothesize.
Perhaps most notable, the researchers say, is the important role fathers seem to play in their daughters' development, given that the quality of mothering is generally more closely associated with how children turn out than is the quality of fathering.
The research was funded by National Institute of Mental Health and the National Institute of Child Health and Development.
For more news about Vanderbilt, visit our Web site at http://www.vanderbilt.edu/News.
Materials provided by Vanderbilt University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Vanderbilt University. "Father-Daughter Relationship Crucial To When Girls Enter Puberty, Researchers Say." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 27 September 1999. .
Vanderbilt University. (1999, September 27). Father-Daughter Relationship Crucial To When Girls Enter Puberty, Researchers Say. ScienceDaily. Retrieved July 24, 2021 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/09/990927064822.htm
Vanderbilt University. "Father-Daughter Relationship Crucial To When Girls Enter Puberty, Researchers Say." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/09/990927064822.htm (accessed July 24, 2021).
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Oct. 11, 2018 — Becoming overweight at a young age can trigger a molecular chain reaction that leads some girls to experience puberty early, according to new research. Scientists have discovered an enzyme in the ...
July 23, 2018 — A young girl with severe neurological symptoms finally has a diagnosis, following the discovery of a genetic mutation that likely caused the girl to experience a cascade of symptoms. Like a train ...
May 1, 2017 — The age of the father at the time his children are born may influence their social development, suggests a new study. Analyzing social behaviors of children from early childhood until adolescence, ...
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Father-Daughter Relationship Crucial To When Girls Enter Puberty, Researchers Say
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/09/990927064822.htm
A young girl's relationship with her family, especially with her father, may influence at what age she enters puberty, according to Vanderbilt University researchers.

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Father-Daughter Relationship Crucial To When Girls Enter ...
Father And Young Girls