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Erythroxylum Coca Seeds - купить: кокаин, героин, мдма, экстази, меф-мефедрон, фен-амфетамин, гашиш, шишки и бошки
Do you want to read the rest of this article? We use cookies to make interactions with our website easy and meaningful, to better understand the use of our services, and to tailor advertising. For further information, including about cookie settings, please read our Cookie Policy. By continuing to use this site, you consent to the use of cookies. Alkaloid extracts from the seeds of Erythroxylum Coca var. Coca grown in the Chapare Valley of Bolivia were subjected to gas and liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses. Several alkaloids from these seeds were detected and characterized, including methylecgonidine, tropine, 3alpha-acetoxytropane, ecgonine methyl ester, cuscohygrine, N-norbenzoyltropine, benzoyltropine, hexanoylecgonine methyl ester, cocaine, cis-cinnamoylcocaine, and trans-cinnamoylcocaine. Methylecgonidine was determined to be the primary constituent and not an analytical artifact. Additionally, two significant new uncharacterized alkaloids were established as present. Recent evidence suggests that some cocaine processors are adding this seed extraction material to cocaine extracted from coca leaf and may impact cocaine impurity signature profiles. Alkaloids have been used in medicine for centuries because of their biological properties and are obtained mainly from plants. Many have beneficial pharmacological properties, some are psychotropic, and others are toxic to humans and animals. These properties have led to the development of methods for their analysis in plant materials and pharmaceutical products. HPLC high performance liquid chromatography is the technique of choice by many analysts for the analysis of alkaloids in various scientific areas. The continuous development of new and more efficient stationary phases and detection systems has provided the conditions for the successful analysis of various classes of alkaloids. This chapter shows examples of HPLC analysis of important classes of alkaloids. Most examples involve pharmacologically useful alkaloids. Examples of toxic and psychotropic alkaloids are also covered in separate sections. The analytical conditions are shown in tabular form, and the data provided in each example may be sufficient as a starting point for the practical analyst. Contrary to the illegal use of any form of manufactured cocaine, chewing of coca leaves and drinking of coca tea are allowed and are very common and socially integrated in several South American countries. Because of this different legal state, an analytical method for discrimination between use of coca leaves and abuse of processed cocaine preparations is required. In this study, the applicability of hair analysis for this purpose was examined. In lack of a reference substance, only qualitative data were obtained for HYG, and two metabolites of CUS were detected which were not found in hair of the cocaine users. For interpretation, the concentrations of the metabolites and of the coca alkaloids in relation to cocaine were statistically compared between coca chewers and cocaine users. The same was qualitatively found for HYG. However, these criteria cannot exclude cocaine use in addition to coca chewing. These criteria have to be confirmed for South American cocaine consumers including smokers of coca paste and may be different because of different composition of the drug and other use habits. Brazil possesses great biological and cultural diversity, above all in view of the great number of indigenous ethnic groups, , that inhabit the five main biomas in Brazil. Ethnopharmacological surveys by various researchers as from the decade of the seventies were researched. The 34 publications selected, carried out with 26 indigenous ethnic groups, showed a total of species utilized for 67 different diseases or effects possibly related to the Central Nervous System CNS. Such plants belong to 85 taxonomic families, mostly Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae, Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Solanaceae. The chemical constitution of these plants was researched as from the Pubmed and Web of Science and the information obtained was crossed with different indigenous uses, grouped in 12 categories according to similarities between their expected effects on the CNS: Some phytochemical classes were observed to be more common among plants utilized for certain purposes: These data suggest that these phytochemical classes possibly possess a greater number of chemical constituents that perform the effects described or that, in some way, assist in determining the use of the plant by the Indians. Brazil possesses great biological and cultural diversity, above all, in view of the great number of indigenous ethnic groups - in all - that inhabit the five main biomas in Brazil. The 34 publications selected, involving 26 indigenous ethnic groups, showed a total of species utilized for 67 different diseases or effects possibly related to the Central Nervous System CNS. These plants belong to 85 taxonomic families, mostly Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae, Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Solanaceae. Analysis of Tropane Alkaloids in Biological Matrices. Tropane Alkaloids from Erythroxylum Genus: Erythroxylum, the most representative genus of the Erythroxylaceae family, presents tropane alkaloids as main constituents. This class of compounds greatly contributes to the chemotaxonomic characterization of plants of this genus, and it has important medical uses and shows toxic effects. This review describes tropane alkaloids in the 35 species of Erythroxylum distributed worldwide. In addition, a compilation of their 13 C-NMR spectral data is presented. There is controversy as to whether the mature fruit of Erythroxylum coca var. In the present study, cocaine was monitored to determine if it was present in embryos and endosperms of mature fruit of E. Seeds from mature fruit of E. The separated embryos and endosperms were analysed for cocaine. Subsequently, endosperms and embryos from seed imbibed. Cocaine was present in embryos 0. De novo synthesis of cocaine occurred only in embryos of seed imbibed under light after day 9 of imbibition. Illicit Production of Cocaine. The predominant methods currently used for illicit production of cocaine are described. For illicit natural cocaine i. For illicit synthetic cocaine i. The signature patterns of cocaine samples were examined by capillary gas chromatography using 14 impurities commonly found in illicit cocaine samples. The procedure is based on acidic, basic, and neutral impurities introduced from the coca plant and from the processing of cocaine in clandestine laboratories. Impurities containing either alcoholic, N-nor, or carboxylic acid functional groups were analyzed as their silyl derivatives. The reported procedure provides a simple one-step assay for obtaining chromatographic impurity signature profile analyses CISPA of illicit cocaine samples using flame ionization detection FID. Methyl Esters of Ecgonine: Many cocaine base crack exhibits contain traces of sodium bicarbonate. Pseudoecgonine methyl ester and ecgonine methyl ester are formed as artifacts from the effect of sodium bicarbonate and methanol in the injection port of a gas chromatograph. Four new trace-level alkaloids of South American coca leaf, Erythroxylum coca var. This methodology also allowed for the detection and partial characterization of an additional new tropane alkaloids in coca leaf. Forensic implications are discussed. Determination of cocaine in some South American species of Etythroxylum using mass fragmentography. Thirteen South American species of Erythroxylum have been analyzed for their cocaine content. Cocaine was found only in E. The amount of cocaine was determined by mass fragmentography using deuterium labelled cocaine as internal standard. Lesser alkaloids of cocaine-bearing plants II. Detection and mass spectral characterization of minor alkaloids found in South American Erythroxylum coca var. Oct J Chrom. Alkaloid extracts from the leaves of Erythroxylum coca var. And Erythroxylum novogranatense var. Embryos and endosperms of var. Tropacocaine was present in hypocotyls, stems and roots of var. Trans-cinnamoylcocaine was the most abundant alkaloid in cotyledons 12 weeks after seeding and leaves 24 weeks after seeding in both var. After 52 weeks of seeding growth, cocaine was the preeminent alkaloid in leaves of both taxons with a cocaine content of 0. May J Am Chem Soc. Eine Methodologie wird beschrieben, die die detaillierte Analyse der Verteilung von Inhaltsstoffen in den verschiedenen Teilen einer Pflanze erm? Most researchers use their institutional email address as their ResearchGate login. Keep me logged in.
Erythroxylum Coca Seeds - купить: кокаин, героин, мдма, экстази, меф-мефедрон, фен-амфетамин, гашиш, шишки и бошки
Erythroxylum Coca Seeds - купить: кокаин, героин, мдма, экстази, меф-мефедрон, фен-амфетамин, гашиш, шишки и бошки
Erythroxylum Coca Seeds - купить: кокаин, героин, мдма, экстази, меф-мефедрон, фен-амфетамин, гашиш, шишки и бошки
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Erythroxylum Coca Seeds - купить: кокаин, героин, мдма, экстази, меф-мефедрон, фен-амфетамин, гашиш, шишки и бошки