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By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. To learn more, view our Privacy Policy. To browse Academia. Ayeza Naeem. Mary Salud. Sajad Gangoo. It is a common perspective that medicinal plants have played and continue to perform an undeniably major role in the lives of people worldwide. Essential oils are the key constituents of medicinal herbs and their biological activities have been discovered since ancient times and are enormously utilised in multiple industries. The essential oils possess important biological properties like antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, insecticidal, etc. Because of these unique features they are more acceptable and are utilised in various fields throughout the world. In the cosmetics industry they play an important role in the development of perfumes while in the food industry they have been used as food preservatives. Essential oil components are interestingly utilised for pharmaceutical applications. The most investigated properties are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound-healing, anxiolytic activities etc. The current thrust area is evaluation for aromatherapy and anti-ca Jason Jerry Atoche Medrano. Mudasir Yaqoob -FST. Essential oils are complex volatile compounds and their bioactivities have been known and utilized since ancient times in food preservation, perfumery, flavouring and medicine. Essential oils are acceptable because of their unique antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antioxidant properties. This review paper focuses on essential oils, its components, extraction methods and their applications. The advances and other applications of essential oils in food, cosmetic and pharmacological industries and the biological effects of essential oils are also conferred. Alina Secrieru. Atul kumar katiyar. John John. Giorgio Guariso. German Ashqui. Rejan Protha. Massimo Leone , Gianmarco Thierry Giuliana. Simona Inserra. Mozammel Haque. Manap Somantri. Karina Felitti. Jude Judith Capper. Dorni de la Calva. Evan LEE. Journal of Population and Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology. Farwa Kazmi. Kumkum Roy. Geremy Bacon. Oktiyas M Luthfi. Rodriguez Medina. Katia Botta. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Indonesian Essential Oils. Related Papers. Essential Oils: Brief Background and Uses. Essential Oils for Complementary Treatment of. A status review on the medicinal properties of essential oils. Essential Oils and Their Benefits. Although the use of plants for their aroma and scents have existed for millenia, the first mention of techniques and methods used to produce essential oils was by Ibn al-Baitar — , an Andalusian physician, pharmacist and chemist. As a country rich in plant species, Indonesia is a natural place for essential oil industry to develop. There are around 40 kinds of oil produced by Indonesia, among them 12 are commercially developed at an industrial scale. They are: patchouli nilam , vetiver akarwangi , cananga kenanga , cajuput kayu putih , lemon grass sereh dapur , clove cengkeh , sandalwood cendana , nutmeg pala , cinnamon kayu manis , cubeb or Javanese pepper kemukus , and pepper lada. Essential oils are usually high-value, low-volume commodity. They are easy to plant, maintain, and harvest, easy to process, and easy to transport. All these make them preferable for small farmers and remote communities. Essential oil is mainly used in fragrance, medicine and culinary. The perfume industry is one of the largest consumers of essential oil. As for culinary, many food manufacturers usually purchased essential oil and combine it with other substances and materials to create delicious products, such as chocolate, candy, and beverages. Aromatherapy products are labeled by the names of the plants from which the essential oils are derived, and, indeed, the oil forms the major part of the product. However, perfumes, medicine and food products from modern industry uses variety of essential oils and extracts in a certain combination that are kept as a secret by the manufacturers. Essential oils do not form a distinctive category for any medical, pharmacological, or culinary purpose. Definition taken from Wikipedia Essential oil is highly concentrated and will easily dissipate in room temperature. They are usually clear, except patchouli, orange, and lemon grass oils which are amber or yellow in color. Chemically, the essential oils are primarily composed of monoand sesquiterpenes and aromatic polypropanoids synthesized via the mevalonic acid pathway for terpenes and the shikimic acid pathway for aromatic polypropanoids. The essential oils from aromatic plants are for the most part volatile and thus, lend Essential oil is highly concen- themselves to several methods of ex- trated and will easily dissipate traction such as hydro distillation, water and steam distillation, direct steam distil- in room temperature, Essential oil is derived directly from real lation, and solvent extraction. The truth is, only a small portion of essential oils produced is used for aromatherapy. Most modern usage is in flavor and fragrance industry, pharmacy, and chemical synthesis. As the term aromatherapy suggests, essential oils are used mainly for their aroma. Many people believe that these natural fragrances are good for their health. But medicine is a much larger field than just aromatherapy. Essential oils have been found to found other medical or chemical properties. Cajuput and tea tree oils are known to have antiseptic properties, while a record from the early 20th century stated that a French chemist has successfully treated gas gangrene in his hand after he was badly wounded in a laboratory explosion by using lavender oil. Studies have supported the use of clove oil for dental pain and it may also reduce blood sugar level. Outside of medicinal use, a large amount of essential oil is absorbed by the flavor and fragrance industry. Essential oil is the building block in creating flavors and fragrances. The exact formula and process for creating the flavor or fragrance of any commercial products is a highly-kept secret, but each will definitely contains chemical compounds derived from essential oil as their ingredient. Nutmeg oil, for example, contains chemical components that are used for food flavoring e. Patchouli oil has scent that is favored by many, but in addition to the scent, it is also used as fixative in perfumes. This means that patchouli oil is added to perfume to slow the evaporation of other, more volatile oils so that their aroma would be released in a longer period of time. Some other application could be quite surprising to many. Clove oil, for example, contains a chemical compound called eugenol the name derived from the scientific name of clove. In the late 19th century, scientist found that they can synthesize vanillin the primary component of vanilla bean extract from this eugenol. Because demand for vanillin far exceed natural vanilla beans almost 10 to 1, this kind of synthesis is crucial. Although vanillin synthesis from eugenol has been replaced by newer method, eugenol derivatives are still used for various purposes. It can produce good quality oil while still being simple enough to develop and operate. Nilam or patchouli, on the by foreign immigrants, traders, explorers, or colonialists. Indus- After hundreds of years, the plants were planted and try lore tells that the name nilam origi- cultivated by the population. The people become aware nated from Nederlands-Indie Lan- of their value, may it be for private and domestic use or schappen Atjeh Maaschappij, as a highly-valuable traded commodity. Masoi is an indigenous plant of Papua Island where, even to- ment of patchouli in its colonial territory of Aceh. Nutmeg has a different story. It was such a very valuable ing to obtain essential oils from them. What commodity that European powers of the 17th century is clear is that essential oil production, al- fell into war in order to control the only source of nut- beit in a traditional way, is a skill that has meg. Today, however, nutmeg is found various coun- existed for hundreds of year. Each method is used for different plant materials and has different advantages. Distillation is the most economical method and is considered suitable for small producers in the villages. The main methods of extracting essential oils are distillation and expression; newer methods of extracting essential oils are percolation hydro-diffusion and carbon dioxide extraction. In addition, the distillation process of some essential oils produce aromatic, or floral, waters as a by-product. Absolutes and resinoids can also be obtained from plants through solvent extraction but these are not essential oils. Distillation is the most economical method of extracting oil from plant materials Distillation methods today owe much to an Arab physician called Avicenna A. There are three different distillation methods commonly used in Indonesia: water distillation, water and steam distillation, and steam distillation. Each is used for different kind of plant materials. Exporters and factories use more modern and advance technologies Flowers are usually solvent-extracted, with the exception of rose, ylang-ylang to produce top grade oils. They and orange blossoms. Another way is enfleurage extraction. Here, animal fat is are on par with other international players. Essential oils obtained by expres- mon as distillation; carbon dioxide is used at both high sion may actually contain some chemical contaminants pressure and low temperatures to extract essential oils because of the chemicals used to spray fruit trees un- from the plants. Cold expressed es- dioxide extraction and distillation may differ in properties. Although in much the same way as a coffee percolator works. In addition, the quality of essential oils ob- produced by the plant, due to the distillation process. The following table can show the role of each government agencies. Ministry Agriculture Role and Scope Agriculture policies and farmers development which include farm and plantation plants, e. Agriculture and forestry are managed by one department usually called Dinas Pertanian, Kehutanan dan Perkebunan — Department of Farming, Forestry and Plantation. Similarly, industry, trade and cooperatives are managed by one department usually called Dinas Perindustrian, Perdagangan dan Koperasi — Department of Industry, Trade and Cooperatives. Universities Universities that have agriculture, farming, biology, botany, chemistry, chemical engineering, or pharmacy programs are involved in developing essential oil industry. Highly mobile, unrestrained by bureaucratic red-tapes and eager to find opportunities to implement their scientific know-how, a large number of faculty members and students are known to visit remote villages, delve into practical problems, and guide poor farmers. Working closely with IPB, the state preeminent university for agriculture-related sciences, IMACRI conduct research on technical aspects of cultivating medicinal and aromatic crops, developing better plant varieties and seeds, studying alternative usage of essential oil, and assist companies in quality control. The council is the medium in which all stakeholders may gather and coordinate efforts to develop the essential oil industry in Indonesia, including representing and promoting Indonesia in international stage, develop national policies, and organize trainings for stakeholders and the public. Members include government agencies and officials, companies and its representatives, academia, and business people. As Government bodies, research of August , there are 12 companies and 21 individuals listed as official members. The principle aim of IFEAT is the advancement and protection of the interests of its members in all parts of the world through international collaboration, the encouragement of good practice, the dissemination of information and provision of forums for discussion. In supporting the industry, IFEAT have learning programs and studies on the many aspects of essential oils and aroma trades. The flavourist course is developed in association with the British Society of Flavourists and held within the Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences at the University of Reading. The University of Plymouth offers the fragrance programs both for distance learning and honours student. It is used in many Asian cuisines. Its leaves are distilled to produce lime oil. Among the competitors are Malaysia, the Philippines, India and China. In traditional medicine, patchouli is often used as insect repellent, antidote for snakebites, and incense. In modern perfumery industry, patchouli is widely used. Also, it is used by industries that produced scented products like detergents, paper towels and air fresheners. The common nutmeg species that are widely used are now grown in various areas of Indonesia, mainly in Sulawesi, as well as in Malaysia, Grenada, the Caribbean, and India. Nutmeg oil is used to replace ground nutmeg, as it leaves no particles in the food. The essential oil is also used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, for instance, in toothpaste, and as a major ingredient in some cough syrups. In traditional medicine, nutmeg and nutmeg oil were used for disorders related to the nervous and digestive systems. Cloves are used in variety of cuisine in various countries, from Japan to Holland, from India to Mexico. Outside culinary use, cloves is key ingredient for clove cigarettes known as kretek in Indonesia , incense, Indian ayurvedic medicine, Chinese medicine, and western herbalism. Eugenol has pronounced antiseptic and anaesthetic properties. Uses Acne, arthritis, cuts, depression, exhaustion, insomnia, muscular aches, oily skin, rheumatism, sores, stress Constituents Benzoic acid, vetiverol, furfurol, a-vetivone, B-vetivone, vetivene, vetivenyl vetivenate Though it originates in India, vetiver is widely cultivated in the tropical regions of the world. Other Javanese regencies, like Karang Anyar in Central Java, also produces vetiver, but in much lower scale and quality. Like patchouli and sandalwood essential oils, the odor of vetiver develops and improves with aging. The characteristics of the oil can vary significantly depending on where the grass is grown and the climate and soil conditions. In Indonesia, the Island of Bangka is regarded as the leading producer of pepper. It is believed to relieve highblood pressure, normalize sebum secretion for skin problems, and is considered to be an aphrodisiac. Israeli researchers in found that lemongrass may have anti-cancer properties. Citronella oil is obtained from the leaves and stems. The oil is used extensively as a source of perfumery chemicals such as citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol. These chemicals find extensive use in soap, perfumery, cosmetic and flavouring industries throughout the world. Oil distilled from the bark of the cinnamon tree is preferred over the oil distilled from the leaves. Cinnamon Bark Essential Oil, however, tends to be much more costly. Uses Constipation, exhaustion, flatulence, lice, low blood pressure, rheumatism, scabies, stress. Constituents Eugenol, eugenol acetate, cinnamic aldehyde, benzyl benzoate Cinnamon trees are native to South East Asia. Although it was imported to Egypt as far as BCE, its origin remained a mystery to Europeans until the exploration of the sixteenth century. Each of these regions have different contribution to the essential oil industry, may it be plantation, source of raw materials, processing center, trading hub, or other roles. The following table shows exported volume of essential oil from different regions of Indonesia. Both can be processed to produce nutmeg oil. Ridwan Rais No. Kramat Raya No. Rldwan Rais No. Ridwan Rals No. W Phone : Fax : Email : atdag-usa kemendag. Garden City P. BOX Cairo Phone. Box Phone : - ex Fax : - , Email : atdag-tha kemendag. Ruwais District Itpc-sau kemendag. Pitt Street Level 2nd Sydney Timor No. Raya Cemplang Km. Garuda 99, Jakarta djasula cbn. Raya Kaligawe Km. Wolter Mongonsidi 25 Jakarta anyer yahoo. Letjen Sutoyo 65 Malang, East Java herbabagoes. Jl Asia Afrika, Jakarta info indarro. Tanah Abang II No. Cemara Boulevard Blok I-1 No. Sugiono No. Pori Raya 1, Jakarta info nabateans. Warung Buncit Raya , Jakarta ptnilam cbn. Sinar Jaya 49, Jakarta sbn indo. Cianjur-Bandung KM 8 No. Belendung, Ds. Ciherang, Kec. Karangtengah Cianjur , West Java eko sumaessentialoil. Sunan Ampel, Ds. Tambaksogra Purwokerto, Banyumas lucky takasago-indonesia. Raya Mercedes Benz No. Academia Engineering Assessing air pollution emissions vs. Managerial Accounting. Viella Incunaboli a Monreale: presentazione. Perencanaan Pendidikan. Challenging the rhetoric — what can farmers do to turn the tide? Amigos dos Museos de Galicia Paganismo y cristianismo en el Arte. Proc je tak tezke odpustit si Proc je tak tezke odpustit si.
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