Elizabeth Bentley

💣 👉🏻👉🏻👉🏻 ALL INFORMATION CLICK HERE 👈🏻👈🏻👈🏻

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling . You can assist by editing it . ( August 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )
For other people named Elizabeth Bentley, see Elizabeth Bentley (disambiguation) .


^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 100

^
Haynes, John Earl ; Klehr, Harvey (October 25, 2005). In Denial: Historians, Communism & Espionage . Encounter Books. pp. 76, 77. ISBN 1-59403-088-X .

^ Lauren Kessler's 2003 biography spells Bentley's middle name as 'Turrill'. Kessler 2003 , p. 14

^ "Red Spy Tells Of Childhood In Connecticut Town" . Associated Press in Hartford Courant . August 4, 1948 . Retrieved May 29, 2008 .

^ Kessler 2003 , p. 15

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 1

^ "The Network" . Time . August 9, 1948. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007 . Retrieved May 29, 2008 . She was born in Connecticut, graduated from Vassar (1930) and had taken an M.A. degree at Columbia.

^ "The Network" . Time . August 9, 1948. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007 . Retrieved May 29, 2008 .

^
Galagher, Dorothy (November 3, 2002). "The Witness; review of Red Spy Queen " . The New York Times .

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 6 " Red Spy Queen " . Archived from the original on August 27, 2007 . Retrieved October 20, 2007 .

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 122

^ Kessler 2003 , p. 40

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 18

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 15

^
"Elizabeth Bentley" . PBS NOVA: Secrets, Lies, and Atomic Spies. February 5, 2002 . Retrieved August 15, 2016 .

^ "Juliet Poyntz" . Sparacus Educational. February 5, 2002 . Retrieved August 15, 2016 .

^
Benson, Robert Louis; Warner, Michael (March 19, 2007). "Venona: Soviet Espionage and the American Response 1939–1957" . Central Intelligence Agency. Cite journal requires |journal= ( help )

^ Kessler 2003 , p. 63

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 22

^ Kessler 2003 , p. 77

^ Kessler 2003 , p. 150

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 45

^ Olmsted 2002 , pp. 50, 51

^
Olmsted 2002 , pp. 63–65

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 67

^ Grand jury testimony in United States of America vs. Alger Hiss , quoted in Olmsted 2002 , p. 69

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 69, Kessler 2003 , p. 100

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 78

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 93

^ Weinstein & Vassiliev 2000 , p. 102.

^ Knight, Amy W. (2006) How the Cold War Began: The Igor Gouzenko Affair and the Hunt for Soviet Spies . Carroll & Graf. p. 93. ISBN 0-7867-1816-1

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 105

^ Weinstein & Vassiliev 2000 , pp. 106–108.

^ Olmsted 2002 , pp. 106–107

^ Kessler 2003 , pp. 144–147

^
Schrecker, Ellen (1998). Many Are the Crimes: McCarthyism in America . Little, Brown. pp. 173, 174 . ISBN 0-316-77470-7 .

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 117

^
Catalog of Copyright Entries: Third Series: 1948 . 430. 1948 . Retrieved October 2, 2018 .

^
"Hearings before the Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, 80th Congress, 2nd Session, Public Law 601 (Section 121, Subsection Q (2))" . Retrieved August 11, 2013 .

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 134

^
Chambers, Whittaker (1952). Witness . New York: Random House. p. 533. LCCN 52005149 .

^
"Programs on the Air: Radio". The New York Times . August 6, 1948. p. 34.

^
"Radio and Television: 'Meet the Press' Goes on NBC Video Network Starting Sunday". The New York Times . September 10, 1948. p. 46.

^
"Radio and Television Programs: Today's Leading Events: Television". The New York Times . September 12, 1948. p. X8.

^
"Remington Makes Libel Suit Threats". Washington Post . September 24, 1948. p. 10.

^
"Board Doubts If Remington Was Loyal". Washington Post . September 29, 1948. p. 3.

^
"Fact or Libel". Washington Post . September 30, 1948. p. 14.

^
"Remington Files $100,000 Libel Suit: Names Miss Bentley, Who Said He Was a Communist, NBC and Television Sponsor" . The New York Times . October 7, 1948. p. 9.

^
"Leonard Lyons". The New York Times . October 14, 1948. p. B14.

^
"Elizabeth Bentley Served in Libel Suit". Washington Post . December 30, 1948. p. 10.

^ Congress, United States. (1950). Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress . U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 12138–12139.

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 161

^ Olmsted 2002 , pp. 102, 163

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 195

^ Cohn, Roy (1968)
McCarthy . New American Library. p. 38. ISBN 978-1125326596

^ William Remington

^
Van Hook, James C. (2005). "Review of Treasonable Doubt: The Harry Dexter White Spy Case " . Studies in Intelligence . 49 (1).

^
Radosh, Ronald (February 24, 2003). "The Truth-Spiller; review of Red Spy Queen " . National Review . [ dead link ]

^ Craig 2004 , Ch. 5.

^ Bentley 1951 , p. 241

^ "Testimony of Elizabeth Bentley," S. Prt. 107-84 – Executive Sessions of the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations ( McCarthy Hearings 1953–54 ), Vol. 4 , p. 3427

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 187

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 186

^ Craig 2004 , p. 245.

^ Schecter, Jerrold L. (2002). Sacred Secrets: How Soviet Intelligence Operations Changed American History . Potomac Books. p. 122. ISBN 1-57488-522-7 .

^ Olmsted 2002 , pp. 179–180

^ Olmsted 2002 , pp. 112, 197–198, 200

^ Olmsted 2002 , pp. 147–148, 150

^
"Elizabeth Bentley Is Dead at 55. Soviet Spy Later Aided U.S. Wartime Agent Went to F.B.I. in 1945. Testified at Trial of Rosenbergs" . The New York Times . December 4, 1963 . Retrieved May 7, 2008 .

^ "Elizabeth Bentley, Ex-Red Agent Who Bared Spy Network" . Associated Press , in The Washington Post. December 4, 1963 . Retrieved May 7, 2008 .

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 203

^ "Died" . Time . December 13, 1963. Archived from the original on December 22, 2008 . Retrieved May 7, 2008 . Elizabeth Turrill Bentley, 55, onetime Communist whose disclosures of wartime Soviet espionage led to the conviction of more than a dozen top Reds between 1948 and 1951; following surgery for an abdominal tumor; in New Haven, Conn.

^
Stripling, Robert E. (1949). The Red Plot Against America . Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania: Bell Publishing Company. pp. 95–96. ISBN 9780405099762 . Retrieved October 25, 2017 .

^ Olmsted 2002 , p. 100

^
Haynes, John Earl ; Klehr, Harvey (October 25, 2005). In Denial: Historians, Communism & Espionage . Encounter Books. pp. 76, 77. ISBN 1-59403-088-X .



Wiki Loves Monuments: your chance to support Russian cultural heritage!
Photograph a monument and win!

Elizabeth Terrill Bentley (January 1, 1908 – December 3, 1963) was an American spy and member of the Communist Party USA who served the Soviet Union from 1938 until 1945. In 1945, she defected from the Communist Party and Soviet intelligence by contacting the Federal Bureau of Investigation (the FBI) and reporting on her activities.

She became widely known after testifying in some trials and before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). In 1952, Bentley became an informer for the U.S., as she was paid by the FBI for her frequent appearances before different committees and investigations. She exposed two networks of spies, ultimately naming more than 80 Americans who she said had engaged in espionage. [1] [2]

Elizabeth Terrill Bentley [3] was born in New Milford, Connecticut , to Charles Prentiss Bentley, a dry-goods merchant, and the former May Charlotte Turrill, a schoolteacher. [4] In 1915, her parents moved to Ithaca, New York . By 1920, the family had moved to McKeesport, Pennsylvania and, later that year, they returned to New York, settling in Rochester . [5] Her parents were described as a strait-laced "old family" of Episcopalians from New England . [6]

She attended Vassar College , graduating in 1930 with a degree in English, Italian, and French. [7] In 1933, while she was attending graduate school at Columbia University , she won a fellowship at the University of Florence . While in Italy, she briefly joined a local student fascist group, the Gruppo Universitario Fascista. [8] [9] Under the influence of her anti-Fascist faculty advisor Mario Casella, with whom she had an affair with while at Columbia, [10] Bentley soon shifted her politics. While completing her master's degree, she attended meetings of the American League Against War and Fascism . Although she would later say that she found Communist literature unreadable and "dry as dust," [11] she was attracted to the sense of community and social conscience she found among her friends in the league. When she learned that most were members of the Communist Party of the United States (CPUSA), she joined the party herself in March 1935. [12]

Bentley initiated her entry into espionage in 1935, when she obtained a job at the Italian Library of Information in New York City ; this was fascist Italy's propaganda bureau in the United States. She reported the job to CPUSA headquarters, telling them of her willingness to spy on the fascists. [13] Juliet Stuart Poyntz , who also worked at the Italian Library of Information, approached and recruited Bentley. [14] [15]
[16] The Communists were interested in the information Bentley could provide, and NKVD officer Jacob Golos was assigned in 1938 to be her contact and controller . [17] Golos (born Yakov Naumovich Reizen) was an immigrant from Russia, who became a naturalized United States citizen in 1915. [18]

At this point, Bentley thought she was spying solely for the American Communist Party . But Golos was one of the Soviet Union's most important intelligence agents in the United States. At the time when they met, Golos was involved in planning the assassination of Leon Trotsky , which would take place in Mexico in 1940. [19] Bentley and Golos soon became lovers. It was more than a year before she learned his true name, and, according to her later testimony, two years before she knew that he was working for Soviet intelligence.

In 1940, two years into their relationship, the Justice Department forced Golos to register as an agent of the Soviet government under the Foreign Agents Registration Act . This increased his risk in contacting the network of American spies he controlled, and accepting documents from them. He gradually transferred this responsibility to Bentley. Golos also needed someone to take charge of the day-to-day business of the United States Service and Shipping Corporation, a Comintern front organization for espionage activities. [20] Bentley took on this role as well. Although she was never directly paid for any of her espionage work, she would eventually earn $800 a month as vice president of U.S. Service and Shipping, a considerable salary at the time, [21] equivalent to $14,778 in 2020 (per month). As Bentley acquired an important role in Soviet intelligence, the Soviets gave her the code name Umnitsa , loosely translated as "Wise girl". (In some literature it is less correctly translated as "good girl".)

Most of Bentley's contacts were in what prosecutors and historians would later call the " Silvermaster group ", a network of spies centered around Nathan Gregory Silvermaster . This network became one of the most important Soviet espionage operations in the United States. [22] Silvermaster worked with the Resettlement Administration and later with the Board of Economic Warfare . He did not have access to much sensitive information, but he knew several Communists and sympathizers within the government who were better placed and willing to pass such information to him. Using Bentley, he sent it to Moscow. At this time, the Soviet Union and the United States were allies in the Second World War , and much of the information Silvermaster collected for the Soviets had to do with the war against Nazi Germany . As the Soviets were absorbing the burden of the ground war in Europe which they to a very large extent were responsible for, they were interested in US intelligence: It included secret estimates of German military strength, data on U.S. munitions production, and information on the Allies' schedule for opening a second front in Europe . The contacts in Golos's and Bentley's extended network ranged from dedicated Stalinists to, in the words of Bentley's biographer Kathryn Olmsted, "romantic idealists" who "wanted to help the brave Russians beat the Nazi war machine". [23]

Late in 1943, Golos suffered a fatal heart attack. After meeting with CPUSA General Secretary Earl Browder , Bentley decided to continue her espionage work and accepted Golos' place. Her new contact in Soviet intelligence was Iskhak Akhmerov , the leading NKGB Illegal Rezident , or undercover spy chief working without a diplomatic cover. Under orders from Moscow, Akhmerov wanted to have Bentley's contacts report directly to him. Bentley, Browder and Golos had resisted this change, believing that using an American intermediary was the best way to handle their sources, and fearing that Russian agents would endanger the American spies and possibly drive them away. With Browder's support, Bentley initially ignored a series of orders that she "hand over" her agents to Akhmerov. She expanded her spy network when Browder gave her control over another group of agents. This was the " Perlo group ", with contacts in the War Production Board , the United States Senate , and the Treasury Department . [24]

Bentley had been noted since her days in Florence as suffering from bouts of depression and having a problem with alcohol. More, despondent and lonely after the death of Golos and under increasing pressure from Soviet intelligence, she began to drink more heavily. She missed work at U.S. Service and Shipping, and neighbors described her as drinking "all the time". [25]

In early June 1944, Browder acceded to Akhmerov's demands and agreed to instruct the members of the Silvermaster group to report directly to the NKGB. Bentley later said that this was the event that turned her against Communism in the United States. "I discovered then that Earl Browder was just a puppet, that somebody pulled the strings in Moscow," she would say. [26] Her biographers suggest that Bentley's objections, rather than being ideological, were related more to a lifelong dislike of being given orders and a sense that the reassignments of her contacts left her with no meaningful role. [27] Late in 1944, Bentley was ordered to give up all of her remaining sources, including the Perlo group she had recently acquired. Her Soviet superior also told her that she would have to leave her position as vice president of U.S. Service and Shipping.

In 1945 Bentley began an affair with a man whom she came to suspect to be either an FBI or a Soviet agent sent to spy on her. Her Soviet contact suggested that she should emigrate to the Soviet Union, but Bentley feared this might end with her execution there. [28] In August 1945, Bentley went to the FBI office in New Haven, Connecticut and met with the agent-in-charge . She did not immediately defect. She seemed to be "feeling out" the FBI, and it was not until November that she began to tell her full story to the agency. In the meantime, her personal situation continued to worsen. In September she met with Anatoly Gorsky , her latest NKGB controller, and was recorded as arriving drunk to the meeting. [29] She became angry with Gorsky, berated him and his fellow Russian agents as "gangsters", and obliquely threatened to become an informer. She soon realized that her tirade could have put her life in danger. When Gorsky reported on this to Moscow, his recommendation was to "get rid of her". [30]

Moscow advised Gorsky to be patient with Bentley and calm her down. A few weeks later it was revealed that Louis Budenz , editor of the CPUSA newspaper and one of Bentley's sources, had defected to the United States. Budenz had not yet revealed any of his knowledge of espionage activity, but he knew Elizabeth Bentley's name and knew she was a spy. Imperiled on both sides, Bentley made her final decision to defect and went back to the FBI on November 6, 1945. [ citation needed ]

In a series of debriefing interviews with the FBI beginning November 7, 1945, Bentley implicated nearly 150 people in spying for the Soviet Union, [31] including 37 federal employees. The FBI already suspected many of those she named, and some had been named by earlier defectors Igor Gouzenko and Whittaker Chambers . This increased FBI confidence in her account and person. They gave her the code name "Gregory," and J. Edgar Hoover ordered the strictest secrecy measures be taken to hide her identity and defection.

Hoover advised Sir William Stephenson , head of British Security Coordination for the Western hemisphere, of Bentley's defection, and Stephenson duly notified London. But Kim Philby , then-head of the British Secret Intelligence Service's (SIS or "MI6") new Section IX (counter-espionage against the Soviet Union), was a Soviet double agent who would escape to the Soviet Union in 1963. Philby promptly alerted Moscow about Bentley, and they shut down all contact with Bentley's network, just as the FBI was beginning surveillance of them. [32] Bentley's NKGB contact Gorsky again recommended to Moscow that the American be "liquidated", and again Moscow rejected the idea. [33]

The breach of secrecy around Bentley's defection foiled a year-long attempt by the FBI to have her act as a double agent . Additionally, because of the shutdown of Soviet espionage activity, the FBI surveillance of the agents Bentley had named turned up no evidence that could be used to prosecute them. [34] Some 250 FBI agents were assigned to the Bentley case, following up the leads she had provided and, through phone tap, surveillance and mail openings, investigating people she had named. The FBI, grand juries and congressional committees would eventually interview many of these alleged spies, but each of them would either invoke their Fifth Amendment right not to testify or maintain their innocence.

For Hoover, and a few highly placed FBI and army intelligence personnel, the definitive corroboration of Bentley's story came some time in the late 1940s to early 1950s, when the highly secret Venona project succeeded in decrypting some
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Bentley
https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4590028/
Real Homemade Swingers
Mom And Son Homemade Sex
Red Lips
Elizabeth Bentley - Wikipedia
Elizabeth Bentley - IMDb
Elizabeth Bentley - биография, рост, вес, размер груди
Elizabeth Bentley | Atomic Heritage Foundation
Elizabeth Bentley | ВКонтакте
Elizabeth Bentley - Vassar College Encyclopedia - Vassar ...
Elizabeth Bentley | Military Wiki | Fandom
Elizabeth Bentley Biography/Wiki, Age, Height, Career ...
Elizabeth Bentley