Eastern Oregon Backpage

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For the university, see Easternā Oregonā University.
Eastern Oregon population according to the 8 county definition.
EastĀern Oregon is the eastĀern part of the U.S.ā state of OreĀgon. It is not an ofĀfiĀcially recĀogĀnized geĀoĀgraphic enĀtity; thus, the boundĀaries of the reĀgion vary acĀcordĀing to conĀtext. It is someĀtimes unĀderĀstood to inĀclude only the eight eastĀernĀmost counĀties in the state; in other conĀtexts, it inĀcludes the enĀtire area east of the CasĀcadeā Range.[1] Cities in the basic eight-county deĀfĀiĀnĀiĀtion inĀclude Bakerā City, Burns, HerĀmisĀton, PendleĀton, Johnā Day, Laā Grande, and OnĀtario. Umatillaā County is home to the largest popĀuĀlaĀtion base in EastĀern OreĀgon; acĀcountĀing for 74% of the reĀgion's popĀuĀlaĀtion in 2016.[2][deadā link] HerĀmisĀton, loĀcated in Umatilla County, is the largest city in the reĀgion. Major inĀdusĀtries inĀclude transĀportaĀtion/wareĀhousĀing, timĀber, agriĀculĀture and tourism. The main transĀportaĀtion corĀriĀdors are I-84, U.S.ā Routeā 395, U.S.ā Routeā 97, U.S.ā Routeā 26, U.S.ā Routeā 30, and U.S.ā Routeā 20.
ComĀpared to the cliĀmate of WestĀernā OreĀgon, the cliĀmate of EastĀern OreĀgon is a drier conĀtiĀnenĀtal cliĀmate, with much greater seaĀsonal variĀaĀtions in temĀperĀaĀture. UnĀlike the Willametteā ValĀley, EastĀern OreĀgon reĀceives a sigĀnifĀiĀcant amount of snow in the winĀter. Some parts of EastĀern OreĀgon reĀceive fewer than 10 inches (250Ā mm) of rain yearly, clasĀsiĀfyĀing them as deserts. This desert cliĀmate is in part due to a rainā shadow efĀfect caused by the CasĀcadeā Range. Pine and juĀniper forests cover 35% of EastĀern OreĀgon, much in the mounĀtains that inĀclude the Blueā MounĀtains, StrawĀberryā MounĀtains, WalĀlowaā MounĀtains, Troutā Creekā MounĀtains, Ochocoā MounĀtains, and Steensā MounĀtain. VolĀcanic basaltā flows from the CoĀlumĀbiaā Riverā Basaltā Group covĀered large secĀtions of EastĀern OreĀgon 6 to 17 milĀlion years ago. Other landĀforms inĀclude the Alvordā Desert, Owyheeā Desert, Warnerā ValĀley, DeĀschutesā River, Owyheeā River, Grandeā Rondeā River, Josephā Canyon, Theā HonĀeyĀcombs, and MalĀheurā Butte.
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Mountains and glacial lake in Wallowaā County attract tourists to the area.
AcĀcordĀing to the EastĀern OreĀgon VisĀiĀtors AsĀsoĀciĀaĀtion, EastĀern OreĀgon inĀcludes only the folĀlowĀing eight counĀties: MorĀrow, Umatilla, Union, WalĀlowa, Grant, Baker, HarĀney, and MalĀheur.[3][deadā link] Some deĀfĀiĀnĀiĀtions of the reĀgion are more restrictive,[4] while othĀers inĀclude the base eight counĀties listed above plus sevĀeral adĀjaĀcent counties.[5][6] Still othĀers inĀclude the enĀtire area east of the CasĀcade Range;[7] this meanĀing would also inĀclude SherĀman, Crook, DeĀschutes, Gilliam, JefĀferĀson, KlaĀmath, Lake, Wasco, and Wheeler counĀties.
The exĀtreme eastĀern secĀtion of OreĀgon in the Snakeā Riverā ValĀley, inĀcludĀing the city of OnĀtario, is part of the TreaĀsureā ValĀley, which exĀtends east to Boise,ā Idaho. UnĀlike the rest of the state, that secĀtion lies within the MounĀtainā Timeā Zone. SacaĀjaweaā Peak is the reĀgion's highĀest mounĀtain.
AlĀthough OreĀgon as a whole is genĀerĀally conĀsidĀered a blueā state, EastĀern OreĀgon is far more conĀserĀvĀaĀtive than the west.[8] In the 2012ā presĀiĀdenĀtialā elecĀtion, Mittā RomĀney reĀceived at least 60% of the vote in every county in EastĀern Oregon.[9]
The poĀlitĀiĀcal diĀvide beĀtween the eastĀern and westĀern parts of the state has led some resĀiĀdents of EastĀern OreĀgon to feel that the state of OreĀgon, with the maĀjorĀity of its popĀuĀlaĀtion and poĀlitĀiĀcal conĀtrol based in the westĀern part of the state, has neĀglected the eastĀern part of the state, preĀventĀing it from deĀvelĀopĀing along with the westĀern part. A moveĀment to have EastĀern OreĀgon seĀcede and join the Unitedā States as a 51stā state was unĀderĀway in 2008.[10][deadā link] This moveĀment is simĀiĀlar to other NorthĀwest seĀcesĀsion proĀposĀals such as JefĀferĀson, LinĀcoln, and CasĀcaĀdia.
Top 15 most popĀuĀlated EastĀern OreĀgon cities (acĀcordĀing to the 8-county deĀfĀiĀnĀiĀtion):
The Hermiston Butte, in the middle of Hermiston, features hiking trails and access to the adjacent Hermiston Aquatics Center
By exĀtendĀing the boundĀary outĀside to inĀclude neighĀborĀing counĀties, EastĀern OreĀgon would inĀclude three of the largest popĀuĀlaĀtion cenĀters east of the CasĀcadeā Range: Bend, RedĀmond, and KlaĀmathā Falls. HowĀever, these lie outĀside the stricter boundĀary.
ComĀpared to the marĀitime rainĀforĀest cliĀmate of WestĀernā OreĀgon, which is adĀjaĀcent to the PaĀcificā Ocean, the cliĀmate of EastĀern OreĀgon is a drier conĀtiĀnenĀtal cliĀmate, with much greater seaĀsonal variĀaĀtions in temĀperĀaĀture. UnĀlike the Willamette ValĀley, EastĀern OreĀgon gets a sigĀnifĀiĀcant amount of snow in the winĀter. Some parts of EastĀern OreĀgon reĀceive fewer than 10 inches (250Ā mm) of rain yearly, clasĀsiĀfyĀing them as deserts. The driĀest parts are the southĀeast and the area near RedĀmond. This desert cliĀmate is in part due to a rainā shadow efĀfect caused by the CasĀcadeā Range. Pine and juĀniper forests cover 35% of EastĀern OreĀgon, esĀpeĀcially in the mounĀtains east of KlaĀmathā Falls and in the Blueā MounĀtains.
Freshly tilled wheat fields on western edge of wheat growing area in central Wascoā County
The reĀgion's econĀomy is priĀmarĀily agriĀculĀtural.[12] TimĀber and minĀing, while forĀmerly key inĀdusĀtries, have deĀcreased in imĀporĀtance in reĀcent years.[13] CulĀturalā tourism, agriĀtourism and ecoĀtourism conĀtinue to develop.[14][15] The wheat growĀing reĀgion of EastĀern OreĀgon inĀcludes the CoĀlumĀbiaā Plateau porĀtion of northĀeastĀern OreĀgon, which beĀgins with very marĀginal wheat fields in cenĀtral Wasco County and exĀtends east through Umatilla County. Its rich loess soils "help make the CoĀlumĀbia Plateau one of the preĀmier wheat-proĀducĀing reĀgions in the world."[16] South of the wheat lands of northĀeast OreĀgon, agriĀculĀtural acĀtivĀity is genĀerĀally limĀited to liveĀstock grazĀing exĀcept where irĀriĀgaĀtion is availĀable. IrĀriĀgated areas are often used to proĀduce alĀfalfa hay.
From the high desert to the rugged mounĀtainĀous areas of the Eagleā Capā WilderĀness area, EastĀern OreĀgon has a range of outĀdoor recreĀational opĀporĀtuĀniĀties such as skiĀing, raftĀing, and hiking.[17]
AnĀthonyā Lakes is the largest ski reĀsort in EastĀern Oregon.[18] Spoutā Springs, loĀcated in the Umatillaā NaĀtionalā ForĀest in the Blue MounĀtains, is popĀuĀlar with families.[19] RaftĀing is often seaĀsonal on the rivers that are snowĀpack-deĀpenĀdent and not dammed. The Owyheeā River is an exĀamĀple of a desert canyon river experience.[clarificationā needed] The Snakeā River ofĀfers boatĀing exĀpeĀriĀences that range from a quiet drift through the desert to hair-raisĀing thrills of class II to III+ rapids.[tone][citationā needed]
The John Day River passing by Sheep Rock in the Johnā Dayā Fossilā Bedsā Nationalā Monument
HisĀtorĀiĀcally, the reĀgion has been relĀaĀtively isoĀlated from WestĀernā OreĀgon, due to the difĀfiĀculty of crossĀing the CasĀcades. Early setĀtlers floated down the CoĀlumĀbiaā River from Theā Dalles to reach WestĀern OreĀgon. In 1845, Samā BarĀlow built a road around the south side of Mountā Hood, which served as the final leg of the OreĀgonā Trail. The ApĀpleĀgateā Trail and SanĀtiamā Wagonā Road were conĀstructed soon after, conĀnectĀing eastĀern and westĀern OreĀgon in the southĀern and cenĀtral parts of the state. In the early 20th cenĀtury, Samuelā Hill built the CoĀlumĀbiaā Riverā HighĀway, alĀlowĀing auĀtoĀmoĀbiles to pass through the CoĀlumĀbiaā Riverā Gorge.
RailĀroads began to be imĀporĀtant as early as 1858 with the conĀstrucĀtion of the OreĀgonā Portageā RailĀroad which built a 4.5-mile (7.2Ā km) byĀpass around the rapids at CasĀcadeā Locks. This was folĀlowed by the 1862 inĀcorĀpoĀraĀtion of the OreĀgonā Steamā NavĀiĀgaĀtionā ComĀpany whose opĀerĀaĀtions inĀcluded buildĀing a rail byĀpass from Theā Dalles to Celiloā Falls. In 1880 these two short secĀtions of rail were inĀcorĀpoĀrated into the OreĀgonā RailĀwayā andā NavĀiĀgaĀtionā ComĀpany (OR&N). Shortly thereĀafter Henryā VilĀlard, who then conĀtrolled OR&N, moved agĀgresĀsively to block entry of the then under conĀstrucĀtion NorthĀernā PaĀcificā RailĀway into the CoĀlumĀbia Gorge.[20] In an agreeĀment first made in March 1880 and forĀmalĀized in the fall of 1880, the NorthĀern PaĀcific RailĀway, then conĀtrolled by FredĀerĀickā Billings, and the OR&N, at that time conĀtrolled by Henry VilĀlard, agreed to diĀvide the CoĀlumĀbiaā Plateau at the Snakeā River, with the NorthĀern PaĀcific stayĀing to the north and the OR&N stayĀing to the south. NorthĀern PaĀcific was not to build down the gorge into PortĀland, but would reĀceive trackĀageā rights on the tracks that OR&N was buildĀing on the south bank into Portland.[20] The first St. Paul-PortĀland NorthĀern PaĀcific train arĀrived in PortĀland on SepĀtemĀber 12, 1883, via OR&N trackĀage down the OreĀgon side of the CoĀlumĀbia River from WalĀlula,ā WashĀingĀton forĀever endĀing the isoĀlaĀtion of at least the northĀern porĀtion of EastĀern Oregon.[20] A year later in NoĀvemĀber 1884, the OreĀgonā Shortā Line was comĀpleted across southĀern Idaho and met the OR&N at HuntĀingĀton,[20] proĀvidĀing rail serĀvice that esĀsenĀtially parĀalĀleled the OreĀgon Trail all the way from Omaha, NeĀbraska. Later the OR&N beĀcame part of the Unionā PaĀcificā RailĀway.
The only other railĀroad ever built east over the CasĀcade MounĀtains was trackĀage that was to beĀcome part of the SouthĀernā PaĀcificā TransĀportaĀtionā ComĀpany, which was opened in 1926 over Willametteā Pass to KlaĀmathā Falls[21] to byĀpass the difĀfiĀcult line south of EuĀgene to AshĀland.
All-weather highĀways over the CasĀcade MounĀtains were not comĀpleted until the 1930s and 1940s.[22][23]
Major road routes through eastĀern OreĀgon inĀclude I-84 from OnĀtario to the CoĀlumĀbiaā Riverā Gorge. The only other inĀterĀstate freeĀway in the reĀgion is an eleven-mile (18Ā km) stretch of InĀterĀstateā 82 that ends at the CoĀlumĀbiaā River in Umatilla. Other major east-west routes inĀclude U.S.ā Routeā 26, U.S.ā Routeā 30, U.S.ā Routeā 20 and U.S.ā Routeā 730. U.S.ā Routeā 395 is a major north-south route, passĀing through PendleĀton, Burns, Johnā Day, and LakeĀview. FurĀther west, U.S.ā Routeā 97 runs north and south from the CalĀiĀforĀnia borĀder through KlaĀmathā Falls, Bend, and RedĀmond to Biggsā JuncĀtion on the CoĀlumĀbiaā River.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Easternā Oregon.
^ Davenport, Timothy Woodbridge (1903). "Anā Objectā Lessonā inā Paternalism"Ā . Oregonā Historicalā Quarterly. 4 (1).
^ "Populationā Estimatesā &ā Reports".
^ "Easternā Oregonā Visitor'sā Association". Retrieved October 24, 2007.
^ "Frommer's:ā Easternā Oregon". Archived from theā original on August 4, 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2007.
^ Exploreā Easternā Oregon. Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. Retrieved on October 26, 2007.
^ Easternā Oregon. Guide to Oregon. Retrieved on October 26, 2007.
^ Areā Introducedā Plantsā Commonā inā Easternā Oregonā Forests? United States Forest Service. Retrieved on October 26, 2007.
^ Cohen, Micah (August 16, 2012). "Oregon,ā Sittingā atā theā Borderā ofā Safeā andā Inā Play". FiveThirtyEight. Theā Newā Yorkā Times. Archived from the original on April 12, 2016. Retrieved January 3, 2016. Oregon, like Wisconsin, is an ideologically polarized state. The Cascade Mountains are a convenient dividing line, politically and geographically.
^ "Oregonā 2012ā Presidentialā Electionā Results". US Election Atlas.
^ Wright, Phil (April 25, 2008). "Groupā eyesā Easternā Oregonā asā 51stā state". Eastā Oregonian. Retrieved April 25, 2008.
^ "Portlandā Stateā Universityā Annualā Populationā Estimates".[permanentā deadā link]
^ "Cattlemenā Care:ā Aboutā Oregon'sā Economy". Oregon Cattlemen's Association. Archived from theā original on January 13, 2016. Retrieved January 3, 2016. Agriculture and related economic activity accounts for over 12 percent of Oregonās economy. Agricultural products lead all Oregon exports by volume and rank second by value; and agriculture creates more than 234,000 jobs in the state.
^ Wilson, Jason (January 14, 2016). "Theā Oregonā militiaā revoltā recipe:ā timber,ā despairā andā aā cripplingā politicalā isolation". Theā Guardian. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
^ Margulis, Jennifer (July 8, 2013). "Wolfā tourismā inā Easternā Oregon". Oregon Business. p.Ā 3. Archived from theā original on August 6, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
^ "Fishing,ā Hunting,ā Wildlifeā Viewingā andā Shellfishingā inā Oregonā 2008". Dean Runyan Associates. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
^ Rost, Bob (2005). "Blessedā withā Soilā andā Preciousā Littleā Water". Oregon's Agricultural Progress. Oregonā Stateā University. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
^ "Easternā Oregonā Findā Thingsā toā Seeā &ā Do". Travel Oregon. Oregon Travel Commission. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
^ The resort has three lifts that offer access to over 1500 acres of dry Eastern Oregon powder. Onā theā Snow.
^ Onā theā Snow.
^ a b c d Armbruster,ā Kurtā E. (1999). Orphan Railroad: The railroad comes to Seattle, 1953-1911. Pullman, WA: Washington State University Press. pp.Ā 63, 80. ISBNĀ 0-87422-186-2. LCCNĀ 99037058.
^ "Southernā Pacificā Railroad." Trainweb.org.
^ Engeman, Richard H. (2005; revised and updated 2014). SubtopicĀ :ā Revivalā Styles,ā Highwayā Alignment:ā 1890-1940:ā Oneā Bigā City,ā Manyā Smallā Towns. The Oregon History Project. Oregonā Historicalā Society. Retrieved on June 17, 2016.
^ Tonsfeldt, Ward and Paul G. Claeyssens (2004; revised and updated 2014). SubtopicĀ :ā Post-Industrialā Years:ā 1970-Present:ā Tourismā andā Recreation. The Oregon History Project. Retrieved on June 17, 2016.
This page was last edited on 5 January 2021, at 12:27
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