Double Sperm

Double Sperm

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1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.

2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China. lx8198@sohu.com.

Zhi-Ping Zhang et al.

Stem Cell Res Ther .

2020 .

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1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.

2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China. lx8198@sohu.com.

Different reprogramming strategies for deriving embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or pluripotent stem cells. a Natural fertilization between sperm and oocytes to develop a blastocyst and generate ESCs by IVF or ICSI. b Somatic cell nuclear transfer procedure to isolate SCNT-ESCs, including oocyte and somatic cell fusion, and constructed embryo activation. c Double sperm cloning (DSC) by injection of two sperm (X, Y sorted by flow cytometry) into the enucleated oocytes to construct embryos and then isolating DSC-ESCs from blastocysts. d Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from somatic cells by reprogramming factors, such as the Yamanaka factors, microRNAs, and small-molecule compounds
DSC-ESCs are designed for clinical use for autologous transplantation when the donor is aged or develops a disease. They can be considered as alternative means of treatment for the donor’s children when needed according to their sex (XY, XX) because all of the DNA of DSC-ESCs is only from his father
Animal breeding with DSC: cloned animals are bred by DSC (his one XY); female animals inherit the X chromosome from the female animal that parented her parent; breeding new hybrids by DSC

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Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising tools for meeting the personalized requirements of regenerative medicine. However, some obstacles need to be overcome before clinical trials can be undertaken. First, donor cells vary, and the reprogramming procedures are diverse, so standardization is a great obstacle regarding SCNT and iPSCs. Second, somatic cells derived from a patient may carry mitochondrial DNA mutations and exhibit telomere instability with aging or disease, and SCNT-ESCs and iPSCs retain the epigenetic memory or epigenetic modification errors. Third, reprogramming efficiency has remained low. Therefore, in addition to improving their success rate, other alternatives for producing ESCs should be explored. Producing androgenetic diploid embryos could be an outstanding strategy; androgenic diploid embryos are produced through double sperm cloning (DSC), in which two capacitated sperms (XY or XX, sorted by flow cytometer) are injected into a denucleated oocyte by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to reconstruct embryo and derive DSC-ESCs. This process could avoid some potential issues, such as mitochondrial interference, telomere shortening, and somatic epigenetic memory, all of which accompany somatic donor cells. Oocytes are naturally activated by sperm, which is unlike the artificial activation that occurs in SCNT. The procedure is simple and practical and can be easily standardized. In addition, DSC-ESCs can overcome ethical concerns and resolve immunological response matching with sperm providers. Certainly, some challenges must be faced regarding imprinted genes, epigenetics, X chromosome inactivation, and dosage compensation. In mice, DSC-ESCs have been produced and have shown excellent differentiation ability. Therefore, the many advantages of DSC make the study of this process worthwhile for regenerative medicine and animal breeding.

Keywords:

Double sperm cloning; Embryonic stem cell; Regenerative medicine; Reprogramming.

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Different reprogramming strategies for deriving…
Different reprogramming strategies for deriving embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or pluripotent stem cells.…
DSC-ESCs are designed for clinical…
DSC-ESCs are designed for clinical use for autologous transplantation when the donor is…
Animal breeding with DSC: cloned animals are bred by DSC (his one XY);…

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Filed under

health and fitness

men

sperm donation

study says

weight loss

5/25/22

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The battle of the bulge has never been more potent, according to new research that links weight loss with amped-up sperm counts.
Scientists from the University of Copenhagen in Denmark tracked 56 men between the ages of 18 and 65, with body mass indices (also known as BMIs) ranging from 32 to 43 — well above the “healthy” range of between 18.5 to 24.9. All case studies were placed on a strict 800-calories-a-day diet for two months.
By the end of the eight-week timeline, sperm counts swam up 41% in men who dropped at least 8 pounds. The research also indicated that the men who kept the weight off for at least a year doubled their seed tally, according to the new study published in the journal Human Reproduction.
“It was surprising to us that such a big improvement can be shown in the semen quality in connection with a weight loss,” reported lead study author Signe Torekov , a professor and obesity expert in the University of Copenhagen’s department of biomedical sciences.
“This is the first long-term randomized study, where we have shown that semen quality in men with obesity improve with a sustained weight loss,” said Torekov, who conducted the research in conjunction with fellow professor Romain Barrès , of the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research.
Torekov went on to explain that the men lost an average of 36 pounds, which increased the sperm concentration by 50% and the sperm count by 40% eight weeks after the weight loss.
A typical sperm amount is reported to be any number larger than 15 million swimmers per milliliter of semen, according to prior Mayo Clinic studies .
Sperm quality in men has been decreasing as a whole since the 1970s across Europe, North America and Australia.
Meanwhile, a separate study was released earlier this year by the University of Worcester in England claiming that males who eat too much meat are raising the risk of becoming infertile.
High-protein diets plunged men’s testosterone levels by 37%, and they were advised to eat less chicken, beef and lamb to up their sperm count.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Complex fertilization mechanism of flowering plants

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^ Carmichael, J. S.; Friedman, W. E. (1995-12-01). "Double Fertilization in Gnetum gnemon: The Relationship between the Cell Cycle and Sexual Reproduction" . The Plant Cell . 7 (12): 1975–1988. doi : 10.1105/tpc.7.12.1975 . ISSN 1040-4651 . PMC 161055 . PMID 12242365 .

^ Friedman, William E. (1990). "Sexual Reproduction in Ephedra nevadensis (Ephedraceae): Further Evidence of Double Fertilization in a Nonflowering Seed Plant". American Journal of Botany . 77 (12): 1582–1598. doi : 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1990.tb11399.x . JSTOR 2444491 .

^ Jump up to: a b Carmichael, Jeffrey S.; Friedman, William E. (1996). "Double Fertilization in Gnetum gnemon (Gnetaceae): Its Bearing on the Evolution of Sexual Reproduction within the Gnetales and the Anthophyte Clade". American Journal of Botany . 83 (6): 767–780. doi : 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb12766.x . JSTOR 2445854 .

^ Friedman, W. E. (1995-04-25). "Organismal duplication, inclusive fitness theory, and altruism: understanding the evolution of endosperm and the angiosperm reproductive syndrome" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 92 (9): 3913–3917. Bibcode : 1995PNAS...92.3913F . doi : 10.1073/pnas.92.9.3913 . ISSN 0027-8424 . PMC 42072 . PMID 11607532 .

^ Friedman, William E. (1994). "The Evolution of Embryogeny in Seed Plants and the Developmental Origin and Early History of Endosperm". American Journal of Botany . 81 (11): 1468–1486. doi : 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1994.tb15633.x . JSTOR 2445320 .

^ Bowe, L. Michelle; Coat, Gwénaële; dePamphilis, Claude W. (2000-04-11). "Phylogeny of seed plants based on all thr
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