Double Penis

Double Penis
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^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Tirtayasa, Pande (2013). "Diphallia with Associated Anomalies: A Case Report and Literature Review" . Case Reports in Urology . 2013 : 192960. doi : 10.1155/2013/192960 . PMC 3870645 . PMID 24383036 .

^ Jump up to: a b Aparicio-Rodríguez, J (2010). "Disorders of sexual development in genetic pediatrics: Three different ambiguous genitalia cases report from hospital para el Nino Poblano, Mexico" . International Journal of Genetics and Molecular Biology . 2 (10): 207–216.

^ Sharma KK, Jain R, Jain SK, Purohit A (2000). "Concealed diphallus :a Case report and review of the literature" . Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons . 5 (1): 18–21.

^ Jump up to: a b Mirshemirani, AR; Sadeghyian, N; Mohajerzadeh, L; Molayee, H; Ghaffari, P (2010). "Diphallus: Report on six cases and review of the literature" . Iranian Journal of Pediatrics . 20 (3): 353–7. PMC 3446048 . PMID 23056729 .

^ "Indian man wants op to remove extra organ" . Reuters. 19 August 2006. Archived from the original on 22 January 2007 . Retrieved 18 August 2006 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Mirshemirani, Ali-Reza (2010). "Diphallus: Report on Six Cases and Review of the Literature" . Iranian Journal of Pediatrics . 20 (3): 353–357. PMC 3446048 . PMID 23056729 .

^ Jump up to: a b Karabagli, Murat (2017). "Bifid phallus with complete duplication and a separate scrotum in a German shepherd dog: a case report" . Veterinarni Medicina . 62 (4): 226–230. doi : 10.17221/16/2017-VETMED .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Gyftopoulos, Kostis (2002). "Clinical and embryologic aspects of penile duplication and associated anomalies". Urology . 60 (4): 675–679. doi : 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)01874-5 . PMID 12385932 .

^ Wojewski, A (1964). "Total diphallia: A case of plastic repair". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery . 34 (1): 84–6. doi : 10.1097/00006534-196407000-00032 . PMID 14104422 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Aboodi, M.d M (2005). "Accessory Pseudophallus With Accessory Pseudoscrotum Detected During Antenatal Sonographic Scanning". Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine . 24 (8): 1163–1166. doi : 10.7863/jum.2005.24.8.1163 . PMID 16040834 . S2CID 42171596 .

^ Jump up to: a b Kundal, Vijay (2013). "A rare case of isolated complete diphallia and review of the literature" . BMJ Case Reports . 2013 : bcr2012008117. doi : 10.1136/bcr-2012-008117 . PMC 3603707 . PMID 23413289 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h deVries, Catherine (2013). "Congenital anomalies in children" (PDF) . Retrieved 18 April 2018 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Rossete-Cervantes, H (2016). "Diphallia: a case report" . Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social . 54 (3): 401–3. PMID 27100989 – via PubMed.

^ Jump up to: a b c Karagöz, Yeşim (2014). "Isolated penile duplication: case report and literature review". Causapedia . 3 : 762. S2CID 35108939 .

^ Jump up to: a b Elumalai, Ganesh (2017). " "PENILE DUPLICATION" Embryological basis and its clinical importance" . Elixir Embryology . Retrieved 14 April 2018 .

^ Elumalai, Ganesh (2017). " "HYPOSPADIAS" ITS EMBRYOLOGICAL BASIS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE" . Elixir Embryology : 44481–44487.

^ Levin, Terry (2007). "Congenital anomalies of the male urethra" . Pediatric Radiology . 37 (9): 851–862. doi : 10.1007/s00247-007-0495-0 . PMC 1950215 . PMID 17572890 .

Male congenital anomalies of the genitalia, including intersex and DSD
Diphallia , penile duplication ( PD ), diphallic terata , or diphallasparatus , is an extremely rare developmental abnormality in which a male is born with two penises . [1] [2] The first reported case was by Johannes Jacob Wecker in 1609. [3] [4] Its occurrence is 1 in 5.5 million boys in the United States. [5]

When diphallia is present, it is usually accompanied by renal , vertebral , hindgut , anorectal or other congenital anomalies. There is also a higher risk of spina bifida . [4] Infants born with PD and its related conditions have a higher death rate from various infections associated with their more complex renal or colorectal systems.

It is thought diphallia occurs in the fetus between the 23rd and 25th days of gestation when an injury, chemical stress, or malfunctioning homeobox genes hamper proper function of the caudal cell mass of the fetal mesoderm as the urogenital sinus separates from the genital tubercle and rectum to form the penis.

The first case was reported by Wecker in Bologna, Italy, in 1609, and since then, about one hundred cases have been reported. [1] [6] This condition has existed in humans since ancient times. [7] The two external genitalia may vary in size and shape, [8] either lying beside each other in a sagittal plane or one above the other in a frontal plane. [9]

According to Schneider classification in 1928, double penis is classified into three groups: (a) glans diphallia, (b) bifid diphallia and (c) complete diphallia or double penis. [10] According to Vilanora and Raventos, in 1954, a fourth group called pseudodiphallia is added. [11]

The current widely accepted classification, introduced by Aleem in 1972, classifies double penis into two groups: true diphallia and bifid phallus. [8] True diphallia is caused by cleavage of pubic tubercle; bifid phallus is caused by separation of pubic tubercle . [8] [12] Each of these two groups is further subdivided into partial or complete. [8] True diphallia is where each phallus has two corpora cavernosa and a single corpus spongiosum containing a urethra. [8] [12] True diphallia can be either complete with both penises similar in size, or partial when one of the phallia is smaller in size or immature, though structurally same as the larger phallus. [8] In bifid phallus, each phallus has only one corpus cavernosum and one corpus spongiosum containing a urethra. [8] [12] Separation of penises down to the base of the penile shaft is complete bifid, whereas to glans is partial bifid. [8] For complete bifid phallus associated with anomalies, the anterior urethra is absent from each penis and the prostatic urethra is situated in the skin between the two penises. [13] In partial bifid phallus, the duplication of urethra, corpora cavernous and corpus spongiosum in one penis is incomplete, and there is only a corpus cavernosum and a spongiosum surrounding the functioning urethra in the other penis. [14]

Diphallia is usually accompanied by systemic anomalies; their extent varies, ranging from no associated anomaly to multiple anomalies including urogenital, gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal systems. [1] [8] Penile duplication also varies from a single penis with double glans to complete double penises. [6] The meatus may be normal at tip of glans, hypospadiac, or epispadiac; the scrotum may be normal or bifid. [14] True diphallia is more likely accompanied with associated anomalies and malformations compared with bifid phallus. [1] Infants born with diphallia have higher death rate due to infections associated with anomalies. [13]

A two-day-old male newborn, [6] associated with complex genitourinary and ano-rectal malformation. He had imperforated anus, hypospadias , bifid scrotum, meatuses on both glandes, two bladders and two colons , and had normal testes , kidneys and ureters .

Partial true diphallia corresponds to pseudodiphallia. [1] Pseudodiphallia is formed from erectile tissue only, undifferentiated and non-functional. [13] It is independent of the normal penis [10] and can be removed surgically without problem. [13] This rare case was reported, [13] based on the age of the 83-year-old man when diphallia was only detected then when he was hospitalised, and also because of the absence of other anatomical malformations. The small, immature and nonfunctional penis protruded on one side of the large, normal penis. The secondary penis had glans but without urinary meatus.

A 12-year-old boy, [1] associated with bifid scrotum , epispadia and pubic symphysis diastasis . He had two separate penises, similar in size and shape, each penis had an epispadia urethral meatus. He had bifid scrotum, one testicle on each side of the scrotum. A bowel loop-like structure was over the pubis region. This structure had no communication with any other structures. He had a single normal bladder and ureter.

A 15-year-old boy, [14] apart from having two penises, had normal external genitalia. His two testicles were within normal scrotum and normally positioned. He had two unequal sized glans at tip of a thick penile shaft , and only urinated through the larger glans. He had a patent anus, one bladder, one normal urethra, normal gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems.

Cause of diphallia is unknown, [13] and also because its associated anomalies vary largely, it is impossible to give a simple, single explanation of its cause. [12] But it is thought to have started from duplication of cloacal membrane in early embryonic development stages in the fetus, between third and sixth week of gestation, [13] [7] because normal development of cloacal folds in the fetus is complete between this time. [10] [15]

Normal development of penis occurs with the fusion of cloacal tubercles at anterior end of urogenital sinus. [1] [13] Mesenchyme migrate around cloacal membrane, proliferate and expand around cloacal plate, forming a pair of cloacal folds that fuse to form genital tubercle which develops into penis. [13] [1] [12] If cloacal membrane is doubled, mesenchyme will migrate and surround both cloacal membranes, leading to the formation of two pairs of cloacal folds around two cloacal membranes, resulting in formation of two genital tubercles and thus two penises. [1] [12] The concept of caudal duplication syndrome is used to explain the symptoms of diphallia with associated complex anomalies in lower abdomen and urinary tract. [15] [12] Further, as mesenchyme migrate from more than one area, failure in migration and in the fusion of mesoderm results in formation of two genital tubercles [1] and double penises, as well as producing associated anomalies such as double bladders, double urethra, double colons and imperforated anus. [13] [12] Failure in proper fusion of urethral folds results in hypospadias. [16] Failure in mesoderm cell migration results in epispadia. [17]

Diphallia is a rare abnormal external genitalia. The cause is uncertain, but most scientists agree that diphallia is a defect of genital tubercle, and occurs at about week three of gestation, when caudal cell mass of mesoderm is affected by various external environmental factors including drugs, infections and malfunctioning homeobox genes . [11] [2]

Treatment is a case-by-case analysis taking into account considerations for medical and ethical reasons, and involves surgical excision of the non-functioning penis. [1]

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Published: 14:26 GMT, 2 January 2014 | Updated: 22:48 GMT, 2 January 2014
A man who claims to suffer from an extremely rare medical condition in which he was born with two penises has posted a picture online, attracting thousands of questions.
The anonymous man - who goes by the moniker 'DoubleD*ckDude' - spent more than six hours answering questions online after uploading the pictures to Reddit.
He claimed to suffer from a condition known as diphallia - where a boy is born with two fully-functioning penises, each capable of operating independently from the other - and included two pictures with the time and date.
Posted on forum: The anonymous man spent six hours answering questions after he posted this photograph on Reddit of his penile duplication earlier this year
The condition affects around one in every six million boys in the U.S. but most have one removed at an early age.
When he was asked how people react to his condition, he replied: ‘It varies from girl to girl.
‘Some have been like “wow”. Some have been like “that's fake!” Some have freaked out like, called me names.
‘Most are pretty curious but I don't have casual sex anymore, I stopped a few years back.’
Another asked whether he had ever considered having one penis removed.
He replied: ‘In my mid-teens, yeah. Now, hell no.’
He said he was glad his parents chose to not have one surgically removed, adding: 'Besides the ego boost it really makes a person feel special knowing there is likely no one else like you alive right now.'
He also said he has a great mom and his parents were helpful and supportive growing up.
The man, believed to be American, revealed in an 'Ask Me Anything' thread that he has one pair of testicles which split into two fully-formed penises that are individually able to achieve erection and climax.
Flooded with questions: The man spent six hours answering people's questions telling readers that some people thought it was fake and that he would not get one penis removed (file photo)
The unnamed man, who is in a bisexual polyamorous relationship with a man and woman, explained that he could urinate or ejaculate simultaneously.
He met his now boyfriend and girlfriend when they were in a monogamous relationship and the three have been together, exclusively, ever since.
Having an extra penis has led to a range of sexual encounters with men and women, and he claimed that heterosexuals had been curious enough to take part in encounters.
'Mostly straight guys, and they always at the very least touch and play with them a little,' he posted.
He added that having an extra penis had opened him up to group sex encounters, and said he can use both at the same time, in two different lovers or the same person.
When asked about his most memorable sexual encounter he detailed an act involving six other people - three women and three men.
One of the only downsides of his condition, he said, was that it means his prostate gets full of seminal fluid that has to be released every few days.
When he was younger a urologist would perform the procedure, which involves reaching inside his anus and pressing on the prostate, but he said he can clear it himself now or has his boyfriend do it.
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