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Dos Hermanas comprar cocaina

Dos Hermanas comprar cocaina

How Is Cocaine Made: The Process

Cocaine comes from the coca plant, which is mostly grown in Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru. The drug is manufactured in these countries in clandestine laboratories with a number of different chemicals. Once processed, it is trafficked through South and Central America to Mexico to be smuggled into the United States, or shipped to markets in other parts of the world. The Colombian cartels were historically the biggest players in the cocaine trade. But Mexico has seized a larger foothold in recent years. Cocaine is a highly addictive stimulant drug. It is frequently encountered as a white powder. People use it by snorting it, rubbing it on the gums, injecting it, or smoking a rock form of it known as crack cocaine. The effects of cocaine can include euphoria, increased alertness, rapid heartbeat, raised body temperature, talkativeness, restlessness, irritability, pupil dilation, and decreased appetite. Cocaine is extracted and processed from coca plants in South America on the ridge of the Andes mountains or in lowland jungles such as those found in Colombia. In , Colombia and Peru produced about metric tons of pure cocaine each. Bolivia produced metric tons of pure cocaine. But because Colombian coca plants provide less cocaine than Peruvian or Bolivian plants, Colombian cocaine production units may need to harvest significantly more coca plants just to produce similar amounts of cocaine. Coca plants are grown, refined, and processed in local areas, often in protected sites such as native reserves, national parks, and areas along the border, which are off-limits to aerial spraying efforts to kill the crops. What is cocaine made of? Cocaine, as the world knows it, is actually cocaine hydrochloride. It is 1 of 14 alkaloids that naturally occur in the coca plant. Out of over plant species, there are only 2 types of coca leaf that contain enough cocaine alkaloid for cocaine production. Generally, coca leaves can be harvested times a year. But in some areas, the coca leaf can be harvested up to 8 times a year, depending on where the plant grows and the specific species. In one method, dried coca leaves are soaked with lime water or other alkaline liquids and then extracted with kerosene in metal drums. Workers then add acid and potassium to remove impurities, followed by a bicarbonate, to cause the base to separate. Finally, the cocaine paste is filtered through a cloth to separate, then dried. Alternately, the base can be dissolved in a solvent, such as acetone, ether, or ethyl acetate, and heated in a bath of hot water. Methyl ethyl ketone is another solvent that workers add to the hot liquid mixture, along with hydrochloric acid, leading to cocaine hydrochloride crystallizing in the solution. Solvents are pressed out by hand, followed by a hydraulic press, then the mixture is heated in a microwave to create cocaine powder. It takes about kilograms of fresh Colombian coca leaves to create 1 kilogram of cocaine base. The cocaine base can then be converted into a kilogram of cocaine hydrochloride or powdered cocaine. However, this amount differs with other species of coca leaves, since one species has higher levels of cocaine alkaloid and requires fewer leaves to create cocaine base. Powdered cocaine can be further processed into crack by first mixing it into a solution of either ammonia or a combination of baking soda and water, then heating that mixture to create a substance that forms rocks for smoking. Some adulterants, or cutting agents, can be filtered out through the creation of crack cocaine. How is cocaine distributed? Once cocaine is processed, distribution occurs. Distribution is a complex chain that usually involves many different groups. First, the growers of coca plants sell the leaves or coca paste to laboratories for processing. Farmers or cartels own the labs, and the cocaine base or cocaine hydrochloride then changes hands into local cocaine trafficking agents. They smuggle and sell the cocaine to a larger organization that can arrange for another organization to ship it into other countries. The drug is often transported from Colombia to Mexico or Central America by sea, and then into the United States via land borders. A smaller amount comes through California and Arizona. Once the cocaine is in the United States, distributors sell it to wholesale dealers. These dealers sell it to mid-level drug dealers, who in turn sell it to low-level street dealers, from whom consumers can purchase quantities of the drug. Along the supply chain, cocaine is cut with adulterants to reduce its purity and create a larger profit margin. The major countries in the cocaine trade include those where coca plants are grown and processed, such as Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru. Countries that transport cocaine across national lines, such as Mexico or Caribbean countries including Haiti, the Bahamas, and the Dominican Republic, are also big players. Colombian trafficking groups, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia FARC and ELN National Liberation Army guerilla groups, armed revolutionary gangs, and rural bands of guerillas purchase coca leaves or coca paste from local farmers, process the product, and negotiate transportation into other countries. Mexican drug cartels, such as the Guadalajara Cartel, often transport cocaine from South America into the United States and other countries, and are distributors rather than suppliers. Mexican cartels formerly operated as junior partners for the Colombian cartels. But crackdowns on the Caribbean route and on Colombian cartels led to Mexican cartels playing a larger role in trafficking cocaine to North America. They began to collect more of the profits from the cocaine trade. Mexican cartels also operate labs in Central and South America to process coca leaves into cocaine. They have expanded their cocaine distribution efforts to Africa, Asia, Australia, and Europe. Cocaine use in the United States declined significantly from Call Who Answers? Various methods are used to make cocaine. You are never too old to improve your health and quality of life! Self-Care While Quarantining. Nadia Ghaffari. From Creativity and Crafting to Healing. Katherine Schreiber. Healthy vs. Unhealthy Ways to Cope. The road to recovery can seem overwhelming. We are here to help. Am I Addicted? Take these quizzes to find out the depth of your addiction. Drugs Alcohol. Addiction Calculator Find the daily, monthly, and yearly cost of drug and alcohol addiction. Click Here. With 9 locations across the U. When you call the helpline displayed on Recovery. Our helpline is offered at no cost to you and with no obligation to enter into treatment. Neither Recovery. For more information, visit americanaddictioncenters.

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Dos Hermanas comprar cocaina

How Is Cocaine Made: The Process

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