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The managers at Caucedo Multimodal are proud of their international connections. Running the biggest port in the Dominican Republic, located just east of the capital, Santo Domingo, is busy work. Read the full investigation here. Transnational entrepreneurs have taken note of this promise. As have transnational drug traffickers. This year has marked a serious uptick in cocaine seizures. Just over 7. In the largest haul that month, just under 1. This was not business as usual. Caucedo is by far the single biggest point of cocaine confiscation in the Dominican Republic. Furthermore, shipments seized out at sea or on uninhabited beaches where cocaine is brought ashore are usually on their way to Caucedo, to be temporarily stashed or to be moved on again in another container ship. Colombia and Venezuela are only about a thousand miles 1, kilometers away. The crews, so-called transportistas , are often a mix of Dominicans , Venezuelans , and Colombians. In some cases, authorities tipped off to arriving boats end up confronting traffickers in forested areas or communities close to shore, suggesting the traffickers are quick to move off the open beaches. The report details how authorities have traced the journey of specific drug packages through the Dominican Republic by tracking the distinctive stamps traffickers use to identify the multiple drug bundles within large shipments. In one case, authorities were able to connect two parts of a single shipment, separated after a partial seizure at sea, by matching the stamps at a later date. They realized that the unintercepted part of the shipment had been smuggled into the port on the very same day. The vast majority of cocaine moving through the Dominican Republic is bound for the growing European market , where DNCD intelligence helped various governments seize 6 tons of the drug last year. The container was in transit from Guatemala to Belgium, a fact that authorities said complicated their investigation. Trucks have recently been used to move cocaine within the port. One attempt to do so in March of this year ended in gunfire when anti-narcotics authorities surprised a group of Caucedo port employees and truckers in the process of moving cocaine from a container onto a truck. Realizing they had been caught, the criminals shot at authorities and fled to nearby woods. Later, traffickers reintroduce the cocaine to the port inside the modified containers with the help of complicit truck drivers. Caucedo port authorities admit that drugs get through and shipments are contaminated in spite of strong security measures. For example, criminals have made rapid advances in cloning the single-use, heavy-duty seals that secure containers before they embark on each leg of their journey. Cloning a seal requires that drug traffickers have access to shipping documents and then gain access to the containers themselves. These steps almost always require the assistance of a corrupt port employee. In January , five Caucedo employees were arrested after authorities found kilograms of cocaine hidden in the bottom of a container loaded with cacao destined for France. Experts who spoke to InSight Crime confirmed that Caucedo is highly vulnerable to staff corruption, amid other security challenges. How vulnerable are they? And while initiatives to raise public security force salaries are gaining momentum, low pay remains a glaring vulnerability. To win that renown, it must handle more containers more quickly. But like other global ports, Caucedo cannot afford to scan every container passing through its docks. Stopping containers is not seen as a good thing. In response, a spokesperson for Caucedo said the port has maintained high-security standards and has worked with authorities to prevent illegal activities, but declined to discuss specifics, citing security and reputational concerns. But like almost every other port in the world, authorities there are being outsmarted by the cunning of criminal networks. Subscribe to our newsletter to receive a weekly digest of the latest organized crime news and stay up-to-date on major events, trends, and criminal dynamics from across the region. Donate today to empower research and analysis about organized crime in Latin America and the Caribbean, from the ground up. Skip to content. Stay Informed With InSight Crime Subscribe to our newsletter to receive a weekly digest of the latest organized crime news and stay up-to-date on major events, trends, and criminal dynamics from across the region.

Dominican Republic

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Activities by an organized crime group involving the illegal entry, transit or residence of migrants for a financial or material benefit. The production, transport, storage and sale of goods that are fraudulently mislabeled or fraudulent imitations of registered brands. The illicit transport, handling and sale of excise consumer goods despite a ban or outside a legal market. Excludes oil and counterfeits. The illicit trade and possession of species covered by CITES convention, and other species protected under national law. The poaching, illicit trade in and possession of species covered by CITES and other species protected by national law. Includes IUU fishing. The illicit extraction, smuggling, mingling, bunkering or mining of natural resources and the illicit trade of such commodities. The production, distribution and sale of heroin. Consumption of the drug is considered in determining the reach of the criminal market. The production, distribution and sale of cocaine and its derivatives. Consumption is considered in determining the reach of the market. The illicit cultivation, distribution and sale of cannabis oil, resin, herb or leaves. Consumption is used to determine the market's reach. The production, distribution and sale of synthetic drugs. Organized crime that results in a monetary loss via financial fraud, embezzlement, misuse of funds, tax evasion and abusive tax avoidance. Clearly defined organized crime groups that usually have a known name, defined leadership, territorial control and identifiable membership. Loose networks of criminal associates engaging in criminal activities who fail to meet the defining characteristics of mafia-style groups. Includes foreign nationals and diaspora groups. The State's role in responding to organized crime and its effectiveness. The degree to which states have put oversight mechanisms in place to ensure against state collusion in illicit activities. A country's supranational structures and processes of interaction, policy making and concrete implementation to respond to organized crime. The degree to which states are able to control their physical and cyber territory and infrastructure against organized criminal activities. Assistance provided to victims of various forms of organized crime, including initiatives such as witness protection programs. Refers to the existence of strategies, measures, resource allocation, programmes and processes that are aimed to inhibit organized crime. The Dominican Republic is a source, transit and destination country for human trafficking. The phenomenon predominantly takes the form of sexual exploitation but forced labour and exploitation for the purposes of domestic work, arranged marriages and recruitment into criminal networks are other forms of trafficking that occur in the country. Victims of human trafficking, either locals or foreign nationals transiting the Dominican Republic, are destined for various destinations, most often the US, Europe and South America. Victims from other countries may also be trafficked into the Dominican Republic. Recent years have seen an influx of Venezuelan and Haitian trafficking victims, but Colombian nationals are also vulnerable to exploitation in the country. Dominicans are lured under false pretences by networks operating throughout the country. Given the links between the tourism sector and sexual exploitation, it is probable that much of the value of the human trafficking market in the country is generated through foreign demand. It is also a source country for migrants smuggled to other countries in the region, such as Chile, the US and, particularly, nearby Puerto Rico. The use of falsified documentation is a common practice and migrants are usually transported by sea, with shipwrecks on sea crossings occurring more frequently. These maritime routes are usually the same as those used for other types of crimes, such as arms trafficking. Extortion has increased considerably following the COVID pandemic, with international extortion groups, with Dominican members, targeting both locals and nationals from Spain, Argentina and the US. The Dominican Republic is a destination market for illegal small arms and light weapons. The US plays a considerable role in the arms market in the Dominican Republic, with reports suggesting that illicit arms flows originate in Florida and enter the country by sea. The porous Haitian border is another known entry point for arms into the Dominican Republic. In line with regional trends, the Dominican Republic as a high incidence of death by firearms. Recent official data shows that the number of illegal weapons circulating in the country is still notable, with approximately three illegally trafficked weapons for every registered weapon. There is also some evidence that Dominican Republic military and police personnel have been involved in the criminal market for small arms and light weapons. The Dominican Republic is a site for the production and consumption of counterfeit products and goods, including pharmaceuticals. Counterfeit medicines entering the US originate in countries such as the Dominican Republic. The Dominican Republic is also involved in the illicit trade in excise goods, such as cigarettes, which are often used by international criminals as a bargaining chip, causing revenue losses for the state. Smuggling of alcoholic beverages has also been a problem for years. Haitians and Chinese nationals are among the foreigners involved in this criminal market. The main forms of flora-related crimes in the Dominican Republic are the illegal harvesting of timber and the illegal charcoal trade. These illegal timber and charcoal products are believed to circulate regionally. In addition, the Dominican Republic is a transit country for illegal Amazonian timber destined for Mexico and the US and appears to be a destination country for illegal timber originating in Peru. Although the timber market is relatively small, there is a large market for Cactaceae, Liliaceae and Asphodelaceae, particularly aloes, which are exported to the US. Although these florae are not currently endangered, the high trade volume and widespread corruption present in the trade represent a possible future problem. The increasing scarcity of flora in the Dominican Republic has led to violence, spilling over into Haiti, where there is still an abundance. Furthermore, flora crimes often lead to other forms of criminal activity, such as labour exploitation and tax evasion. The Dominican Republic is rich in biodiversity and is home to many endangered species that are in demand on the black market. Many fauna species, particularly turtles, are sold as souvenirs to tourists and there is also a larger illicit economy in sea turtle products such as eggs, meat and shells. Another profitable commodity in the Dominican Republic is the American eel, which is in high demand in Asian countries, largely for culinary purposes. The Dominican Republic is rich in various non-renewable resources and has numerous limestone, clay and salt mines. Artisanal and unregulated mining takes place at some sites. The Dominican Republic also plays an important role in the illicit gold trafficking market, acting as a transit country for illegal gold of Venezuelan origin. Illegal trafficking of Venezuelan gold is perpetrated by transnational criminal organizations and networks, which are simultaneously engaged in other forms of trafficking, such as drug trafficking. The Dominican Republic is a regional transit hub for heroin, with the US being the primary destination for heroin coming out of the country. There is also a growing domestic demand, with profits from the market being accrued by both domestic and foreign actors. Cocaine constitutes the largest single criminal market in the Dominican Republic, which is believed to be the leading Caribbean transit hub for cocaine from Venezuela destined for North America or Europe. Cocaine is primarily imported into the country using go-fast boats and shipping containers. Traffickers also often target Spain, where there is a substantial Dominican diaspora, making Spain the principal European entry point for cocaine from the Dominican Republic. Domestic drug consumption is primarily concentrated in metropolitan and tourist areas. The cocaine trade is the most pervasive drug market in the Dominican Republic; however, cannabis is the most consumed drug in the country. Cannabis is trafficked into the country, primarily across the land border shared with Haiti, where the drug is cultivated, and from Jamaica. Criminal networks from both the Dominican Republic and Haiti collaborate in the trafficking of cannabis, which is often imported into the country by truck, hidden among other products. Synthetic drugs, including Ecstasy, Fentanyl and its analogs, are manufactured in the Dominican Republic. Furthermore, the country is a trans-shipment point for Ecstasy, moving from its countries of origin, namely the Netherlands and Belgium, to North America. Hacking and illicit access to protected systems are the most common cyber-dependent crimes. The number of cyber-attack attempts reported has increased in recent years. In , the portals of more than a dozen institutions were targeted by a group of hackers based in other countries. Criminal organizations use cryptocurrencies to launder money and defraud individuals. Recent discoveries indicate increased levels of embezzlement of state funds as well as telephone scams carried out by criminal networks located in the country, targeting individuals both in and out of the country. This may also demonstrate the potential of the financial fraud market in the Dominican Republic. Pyramid schemes continue to present a challenge in the country and demonstrate how electronic media is used by criminal networks to steal identities and defraud people in the Dominican Republic. Criminal networks play important roles in the human trafficking, human smuggling and drug trafficking markets, as well as some of the smaller criminal markets such as the environmental or natural resources market. Criminal markets in the Dominican Republic rely heavily on transnational links, including with Dominican nationals operating abroad and foreign actors living and operating in the Dominican Republic. These individuals often keep a low profile while they oversee the transport of drug shipments and the collection and repatriation of profits. Criminal networks from Haiti work collaboratively with domestic ones, especially in the trafficking of cannabis and in the transportation of illegal timber. Furthermore, the human smuggling market is also predominantly under the control of Haitian cartels. State-embedded actors participate in various criminal activities, particularly in the drug trade and in schemes aimed at committing money laundering, bribery and defrauding the state. There have been multiple cases of military and police personnel participating in drug trafficking, and of links between drug traffickers and high-level officials and politicians. Moreover, accusations have also recently been levelled against members of the military reportedly engaged in criminal association, swindling, falsification of public documents, money laundering, and illegal possession and carrying of weapons. Inside the Dominican Republic, mafia-style groups known as naciones and pandillas are heavily involved in the organized crime landscape. These groups have a presence in the larger cities of both the Dominican Republic and the US, and are involved in drug retailing, extortion, racketeering and money laundering. They have a defined, centralized, hierarchical structure and are small membership organizations. They recruit young people and use high levels of violence. The influence of these gangs may have waned in recent years. However, they still have significant territorial control and often have the capacity to provide services within their territories. Private sector actors involved in criminal activities in the country mostly engage in money laundering schemes, where proceeds accrued from illicit operations based in the US are being laundered. These private companies often collaborate with public officials or public entities to enter illicit markets. Criminal groups involved in drug trafficking also frequently establish companies, often in the real estate sector, for the sole purpose of laundering profits earned from other illegal activities. Political leaders in the Dominican Republic have made statements warning of the threats posed by organized crime, especially drug trafficking. Although the country has made some improvements in security at the community crime level and in the fight against drug trafficking, it is not yet possible to say whether these efforts have been successful. The Dominican Republic has demonstrated its commitment to cooperating with international efforts to combat organized crime in the number of the international treaties and conventions it has ratified. The Dominican Republic also has domestic legislation specifically targeting some criminal markets, including trafficking of arms and drugs. There is currently a proposal to create a regulation that allows ownership to be extinguished in cases of organized crime and corruption. However, approving this proposal has proved to be very difficult, demonstrating how problematic it is for the country to take effective legislative measures to fight organized crime. Furthermore, the country does not appear to have domestic legislation relating specifically to organized criminal groups and membership of an organized criminal group is not criminalized. Although nominally independent, the judiciary often suffers from political interference, corruption and a lack of adequate resources and personnel. The penitentiary system in the Dominican Republic has recently changed, unifying traditional prisons and rehabilitation centres. This new model was proposed to ensure more effective prisoner rehabilitation and social reinsertion programmes. However, recent fights and brawls within the prisons have led experts to suggest that structural changes in the prisons system have not occurred. Similarly, prison overcrowding continues to hinder progress in establishing social reinsertion systems. High levels of corruption pose a challenge to law enforcement in the Dominican Republic. However, some improvements have occurred, and the national police has established dedicated units for narcotics, human trafficking, fraud and cybercrime. The Dominican Republic has a specialized land border security corps, and regular troops have also been deployed to help curb the irregular movement of people and contraband across the border. The protection of essential digital services and personal data protection is practically nonexistent and the fight against cybercrime has shown no progress. The government is currently trying to overcome the deficiencies in the anti-money laundering and counter terrorism financing standards but it seems that the risks for these types of crimes are increasing rather than diminishing. The Dominican Republic has one of the largest economies in the Caribbean and its sustained growth since has led to a reduction in poverty and inequality. However, there is still a substantial informal economy embedded within the country. The economy is largely dependent on the tourism sector. The penal code in the Dominican Republic guarantees victims and witnesses of crime the right to protection. The government has launched initiatives to assist drug users through the introduction of an opioid substitution programme and the introduction of alternatives to imprisonment for drug offenders. It does not offer comprehensive and sufficient specialized services to victims of human trafficking, nor are mechanisms in place to effectively identify victims or refer them to care once identified. Furthermore, the inefficiencies of both the government and the police in protecting and supporting victims creates a disincentive to report crimes. Meanwhile, the prosecution of these crimes is ineffective, which also makes it less likely for victims to report such crimes to law enforcement officials. The government has introduced crime-prevention strategies such as a community policing force focused on crime prevention and public safety. Furthermore, a community youth police programme is in operation. However, the Dominican Republic has been slow to establish prevention, care and rehabilitation mechanisms for drug users. It has also not implemented effective programmes and strategies, nor improved those it currently has. The country is home to many active civil-society organizations and the government has taken steps to increase the space in which civil society can operate. Press freedom is still often undermined and many journalists self-censor due to fear of violence. The criminal markets score is represented by the pyramid base size and the criminal actors score is represented by the pyramid height, on a scale ranging from 1 to The resilience score is represented by the panel height, which can be identified by the side of the panel. A series of 13 discussion papers, one for each illicit market considered during the development of the Index. We're constantly working to improve the Index. By participating in this survey, you will be providing us with insights and suggestions that will help us make the Index an even better resource. This report was funded in part by a grant from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State. Capital Santo Domingo. Income group Upper middle income. Population 11,, Geography type Coastal. GINI Index Criminal markets 5. An assessment of the value, prevalence and non-monetary impacts of a specific crime type. Human trafficking 6. Human smuggling 6. Extortion and protection racketeering 4. Arms trafficking 4. Trade in counterfeit goods 5. Illicit trade in excisable goods 4. Flora crimes 5. Fauna crimes 4. Non-renewable resource crimes 4. Heroin trade 6. Cocaine trade 8. Cannabis trade 5. Synthetic drug trade 4. Cyber-dependent crimes 3. Financial crimes 5. Criminal actors 4. An assessment of the impact and influence of a specific criminal actor type on society. Mafia-style groups 5. Criminal networks 5. State-embedded actors 5. Foreign actors 4. Private sector actors 4. Political leadership and governance 5. Government transparency and accountability 3. International cooperation 7. National policies and laws 5. A state's legal action and structures put in place to respond to organized crime. Judicial system and detention 4. Law enforcement 5. Territorial integrity 5. Anti-money laundering 4. Economic regulatory capacity 5. Victim and witness support 4. Prevention 4. Non-state actors 5. Analysis Download full profile english spanish. People The Dominican Republic is a source, transit and destination country for human trafficking. Trade The Dominican Republic is a destination market for illegal small arms and light weapons. Environment The main forms of flora-related crimes in the Dominican Republic are the illegal harvesting of timber and the illegal charcoal trade. Drugs The Dominican Republic is a regional transit hub for heroin, with the US being the primary destination for heroin coming out of the country. Cyber Crimes Hacking and illicit access to protected systems are the most common cyber-dependent crimes. Criminal Actors Criminal networks play important roles in the human trafficking, human smuggling and drug trafficking markets, as well as some of the smaller criminal markets such as the environmental or natural resources market. Leadership and governance Political leaders in the Dominican Republic have made statements warning of the threats posed by organized crime, especially drug trafficking. Criminal justice and security Although nominally independent, the judiciary often suffers from political interference, corruption and a lack of adequate resources and personnel. Civil society and social protection The penal code in the Dominican Republic guarantees victims and witnesses of crime the right to protection. Read the analysis Listen the podcasts View all events. Next Skip. How to measure organized crime? Read more on globalinitiative. Give us feedback We're constantly working to improve the Index.

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