Docker Private

Docker Private

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Docker is a software platform that works at OS-level virtualization to run applications in containers. One of the unique features of Docker is that the Docker container provides the same virtual environment to run the applications. CI/CD tools can also be used to automatically push or pull images from the registry for deployment on production.
In this tutorial, we'll learn to understand the use of public and private Docker registries . We'll also set up a private Docker registry. Additionally, we will push a Docker image to a private Docker registry and then pull the image from the same registry.
Docker provides the support for creating, storing, and managing the Docker images on a private server. Additionally, Docker also has a free public registry. The Docker Hub can host our images, but they will be publicly available. In most cases, images contain all the code and configuration needed to run an application. In that case, we can either use a Docker Hub private account or set up a private Docker registry on a machine.
The Docker Hub private account is paid, and it's an expensive option for storing multiple images in the cloud. While the private Docker registry setup is free, all the commands to access the images from a private registry are simple and almost identical to those in Docker Hub. Using a private registry, we can balance the load, customize the authentication and logging, and make many more configuration changes. It creates a customized pipeline that helps store images in a personal location. Here, we’ll briefly cover how to manage images privately on a server.
A typical Docker image contains the application code, installations, configurations, and required dependencies. A Docker image usually consists of multiple layers. We can also push those layers to the private or public registry. Additionally, we'll examine some options for security and storage that will allow us to customize the configuration. Using these, we can manage images securely and pull and push them quickly and securely.
We can reduce build times by centralizing the container images in private or public registries. We can also download a compressed image from a registry containing all of the application's components in a bundled form, rather than installing different dependencies on different environments. To set up a private Docker registry, we first need to make changes in the default configuration of the Docker daemon.
In Docker, we can set up a registry by running a container of a registry image. Before we move forward, let's first update the default configuration of our Docker install.
Add the following configuration in the /etc/docker/daemon.json :
In the above JSON, we've added localhost with port 5000 in the “ insecure-registries ” property. To apply the above changes, let's reload the Docker daemon using the command line:
Now, we'll restart the Docker service:
So far, we have successfully configured the private registry.
To run a private registry, we have to pull a registry image stored on the public Docker Hub:
We can also pull a specific version of the registry. Let's now verify the registry image using the docker images command:
Now, let's run a Docker container using the registry image:
The internal server of the baeldung-registry container uses port 5000 . Therefore, we exposed the 5000 port on the host:
The above command confirms that the registry is up and running.
To push an image to the private registry, let's first pull the latest centos image from the public Docker registry:
Here, we've pulled a sample Docker image that we can push to the Docker private registry. First, we'll tag the centos image, and later push it to the private docker registry. Here, we'll tag it to localhost:5000/baeldung-centos :
Now, let's check out all the images on the host machine:
Here, we can see that imageId 5d0da3dc9764 has two different repositories. The tags in Docker are similar to symbolic links . To remove an image, we must either delete the imageId or explicitly delete both the tags.
Let's check out the command to push the image to the docker private registry:
With the above command, we have successfully pushed the baeldung-centos image to the private registry, which is locally set up on port 5000 . Similarly, we can also store multiple images in the private registry.
The command to pull an image from a private registry is similar to pulling an image from Docker Hub. Here, first, we'll remove all the images with imageId 5d0da3dc9764 :
Let's check out all the images stored on the host machine:
We can see that images with imageId 5d0da3dc9764 have been removed. Let's check out the command to pull an image from the private Docker registry:
The above command will pull the baeldung-centos image from the private registry.
Docker allows us to store the images locally on a centralized server, but sometimes, it's necessary to protect the images from external abuse. In that case, we'll need to authenticate the registry with the basic htpasswd authentication.
Let's first create a separate directory to store the Docker registry credentials:
Next, let's run an httpd container to create a htpasswd protected user with a password:
The above command will create a user with an htpasswd authenticated password. The details of the credentials are stored in the auth/htpasswd file.
Now, let's run the same Docker registry container using the auth/htpasswd authentication file:
Since the Docker registry is running with the basic authentication, we can now test the login using:
Once successfully logged in to the Docker registry, we can both push and pull images in the same way we discussed above.
This tutorial demonstrated how to create our own private Docker registry and push a Docker image.
First, we set up a private registry. Later, we pushed and pulled images to and from the registry. Lastly, we enabled the authentication in the private Docker registry.

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This guide will show you all the essential Docker commands and the structure of the configuration file. It can also be used to look up the available commands and options later on.…

Gabriel Tanner
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07 Apr 2020

In this article, we will take a look at what a registry is, why it is essential and how you can create your own private registry. We will also take a look at some security and storage options that can help you customize your configuration.…

Gabriel Tanner
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05 Mar 2020

In this guide, you will learn everything you need to know about Docker Swarm and how to use it to scale and securely maintain your Docker projects.…

Gabriel Tanner
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16 Dec 2019

The blog focuses on backend development and DevOps, but I also write about Blockchain and general programming concepts & topics.

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In this article, we will take a look at what a registry is, why it is essential and how you can create your own private registry. We will also take a look at some security and storage options that can help you customize your configuration.

Docker lets you bundle your application into different containers, which makes it easy to develop and deploy your applications. But where do these container images come from and how can you deploy your own.
In this article, we will take a look at what a registry is, why it is essential and how you can create your own private registry. We will also take a look at some security and storage options that can help you customize your configuration.
So without wasting any further time, let's get started.
A container registry is a stateless, highly scalable central space for storing and distributing container images. They provide secure image management and a fast way to pull and push images with the right permissions.
The most well-known container registry is DockerHub , which is the standard registry for Docker and Kubernetes. The only problem with public registries is that you don't have full control over their actions and that they can get expensive if you need multiple private images.
That is why hosting your own private registry could come in useful in many cases. Private registries provide multiple different storage and authentification options and can be customized to your individual requirements.
Here are some essential reasons why you should use your own private registry instead of a public registry like DockerHub .
Now that you have an overview of registries and what they are used for let's continue by creating a private registry using docker-compose .
The configuration uses the official registry image and forwards the port 5000 of the container to the host machine. This allows us to send requests to port 5000 on the server that runs the registry.
You can now run the container using the following command:
After the download of the image has completed, and the container is running, we can continue with pushing an image to the registry.
You are now ready to push an image to the registry, but first, you need to create a local image and provide it with the right tag. For that, we are going to use the alpine Linux image because it is small and downloads fast.
First, we need to pull the image and then tag it with the address of our registry as a prefix (localhost:5000 in our case).
The newly labeled image should now appear:
Now we can push the image using the push command:
Note: This only works if you host your registry on your local machine. If you host it on a server, you will need a secure SLL connection, which we will look at in a later section.
Pulling an image from the registry is also straight forward and can be done using a single command.
You should get a message that the image already exists. You can remove the image and pull it again if you want to make sure that it functions correctly.
After that, you can run the image as follows.
Note: Most registries will require you to log in before pulling and pushing images for authentification purposes. That is also what we will implement in the next section.
All registries which are not located in a secure local network that only authorized people can access will need some kind of authentification to keep it safe from abuse.
The simplest way to achieve basic registry security and access restriction is through some kind of basic authentification tool like htpasswd, which stores a secret that helps you authenticate.
That is the method we will focus on in this article, but I will also provide a few more advanced options that you can look at on your own.
First, we start by installing the htpasswd package by running the following command:
Next, we will create a folder that will hold our password files.
After that, we will continue by creating a user using the following command:
The last parameter is the name of the user in this case testUser. After executing the command, you will be prompted to enter your password.
Now that we have created t
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