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This website uses cookies in order to improve your web experience. Read our Cookies Policy. Home Articles About. About Pensoft Books Journals Blog. Register Login. Related articles by. Other versions:. Verbatim name. ID Catalog Number. Invalid DOI was provided, please try again. Notify a colleague. Article title. Material and methods. Suborder Terebrantia Haliday. Family Aeolothripidae Uzel. Family Melanthripidae Bagnall. Family Fauriellidae Priesner. Family Thripidae Stephens. Subfamily Dendrothripinae Priesner. Subfamily Panchaetothripinae Bagnall. Subfamily Sericothripinae Karny. Subfamily Thripinae Stephens. Suborder Tubulifera Haliday. Family Phlaeothripidae. Subfamily Idolothripinae Bagnall. Subfamily Phlaeothripinae Uzel. Subscribe to email alerts for current Article's categories. Powered by.

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Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The present checklist includes data on the species composition, geographic distribution and feeding preferences of thrips species in Bulgaria. In total, species in 48 genera are listed. Of these, species belong to suborder Terebrantia and include species of 33 genera in family Thripidae , 14 species of two genera in Aeolothripidae , seven species of two genera in Melanthripidae and one species in Fauriellidae. In suborder Tubulifera , 30 species of 10 genera in the single family Phlaeothripidae are listed. Of the Bulgarian thrips species, Fourteen pest species are listed for Bulgaria, of which Frankliniella occidentalis , Thrips tabaci and Haplothrips tritici are of economic importance. The list provides detailed information on the horizontal and vertical distribution of Thysanoptera in 5 regions and 45 subregions of Bulgaria. The present paper also includes an evaluation of the biodiversity of Thysanoptera and the extent to which each region of the country has been studied. Keywords: Thysanoptera , Bulgaria, checklist, geographic distribution, feeding preference. Bulgaria is located on the Balkan Peninsula and extends from the western shore of the Black Sea to Serbia and Macedonia to the west. It lies in the transitional area between the contrasting continental and Mediterranean climatic zones. Its varied relief and the peculiar characteristics of its weather contribute to its biotope diversity. According to the Palaearctic classification Devillers et al. This richness of habitats on a relatively small area is a prerequisite for a diverse thysanopteran fauna. More than 29 species of superclass Hexapoda have been established and it is expected that if rigorous research is performed, their number would increase to 56 Hubenov Thrips are small and slender insects that generally feed on plant sap, fungal spores and some on them are predators of small arthropods. Until now about species have been described worldwide ThripsWiki Some are pests of agricultural crops and ornamentals, causing damage to plants either by feeding or via transmission of plant viruses, pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The biodiversity of thrips on the Balkans has been studied more extensively in Romania Vasiliu-Oromulu and Serbia Andjus et al. Information is scarce on the thysanopteran fauna in the other neighbours of Bulgaria: Greece, Macedonia and the European part of Turkey. The thysanopterological activities in Bulgaria began at the end of the 19 th century. The first thrips species recognised in the country, Thrips urticae , was recorded on tobacco Manushev Malkov recorded Limothrips cerealium and a year later Thrips tabaci Malkov , , and Limothrips denticornis was recorded on rye and barley Dospevski Following these, Haplothrips reuteri , Aeolothrips fasciatus , Haplothrips tritici , Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis and Thrips atratus were recorded Chorbadjiev Janev and reported 22 species. In , Genov reported two Haplothrips species on alfalfa. Donchev , , , , and contributed to the Bulgarian thrips fauna with a series of publications, recording 33 species. Vesselinov , recorded eight species; and. Popov recorded four thrips species found on medicinal plants which were new to the fauna of Bulgaria. Moreover, Popov ; a , ; carried out extensive research on the diversity of thrips in Ograzhden mountain and reported 22 further species. He was also the first to document the Bulgarian tree-living thysanopteran fauna, reporting another 13 species from the country Popov b. Schliephake reported Thrips fedorovi from this country. Trenchev reported Frankliniella occidentalis in Bulgaria, and Trenchev and Karadjova reported its distribution and host plants in Bulgarian greenhouses. In , after revision of microscope slides, the record of Anaphothrips armatus was cancelled because the reference specimens turned out to represent Rubiothrips ferrugineus Zur Strassen Echinothrips americanus was first reported in by Karadjova and Krumov. A recent contribution to the arboreal thrips fauna of Bulgaria is the report of the mulberry thrips, Pseudodendrothrips mori , on the leaves of Morus alba Trenchev and Trencheva Jenser and Krumov newly reported nine species. Krumov reported Idolimothrips paradoxus and Iridothrips iridis for the first time for the fauna of Bulgaria. The main aim of this paper is to summarize all published data on thrips from Bulgaria in order to present a full list of known thrips taxa from the entire area of the country. Until now, no comprehensive review of the Bulgarian thrips fauna has been published. The present list includes species of suborder Terebrantia and 30 species of suborder Tubulifera , and provides detailed information on the horizontal and vertical distribution of Thysanoptera in Bulgaria. It is complemented by an evaluation of the biodiversity and the extent to which each region of the country has been studied. The territorial distribution of thysanopteran species is crucial for the understanding of their biology and adaptations to different habitats. Such knowledge is of basic importance to explain the introduction and spread of exotic species, particularly pest species Marullo and Grazia Another aim of the paper is to present information on the feeding preferences of thrips in Bulgaria: whether they are predatory, mycophagous or phytophagous and what plant species they have been collected from. This is important in order to understand the role of thrips in ecosystems, to ascertain which plants support phytophagous thrips Mound and Marullo , to evaluate their pest potential and to assess the impact of different thrips species on populations of other organisms within crops and natural non-cultivated areas. The list was prepared after a thorough review of all available publications and individual samples collected by the authors. The review includes all 37 scientific papers on the thysanopteran fauna in Bulgaria, published from to The list is arranged systematically and the nomenclature follows ThripsWiki Genera are listed alphabetically within each family or subfamily, and species are similarly listed within each genus. Each species account includes its taxonomic name, references, locality records within Bulgaria, altitudinal range in m. The geographic regions of Bulgaria and their abbreviations used in the text follow the division of Hubenov , developed for the purposes of faunistic research. It does not consider the administrative territories but rather uses characteristics such as relief and local climatic conditions. The division includes five major territories, further split into subregions. Four families of this suborder are recorded from Bulgaria: Aeolothripidae , Melanthripidae , Fauriellidae and Thripidae. Thripidae is the largest family and includes the most economically important pest species. The family includes extant species in 23 genera worldwide ThripsWiki The adults and larvae of many representatives of this family appear to be facultative predators of small arthropods, although some species are almost certainly solely phytophagous Tyagi et al. In the warmer parts of the world, a considerable number of species in family Aeolothripidae are obligate predators Hoddle In Bulgaria, 14 species belonging to two genera have been recorded. DM — Krushovitsa m. Obligate predator residing at the collar of grasses, collected from Festuca aerudinacea Donchev and Tomov Phytophagous and facultative predator, collected from Anchusa sp. RPP — Pirin below Banderitsa m. Phytophagous and facultative predator, collected from Achillea compacta , Alyssum montanum , Brassicaceae species, Campanula sp. Phytophagous and facultative predator, collected from Astragalus sp. Phytophagous and facultative predator, collected from Brassica napus , Cannabis sativa , Cytisus sp. ROP — Kresna m. Phytophagous and facultative predator, collected from Clematis vitalba Jenser and Krumov Phytophagous and facultative predator, collected from Beta vulgaris , Campanula sp. Obligate predator, collected from leaves of Castanea sativa , Crataegus sp. PVP — Pancharevo — m. Unknown feeding preferences, collected from Euphorbia sp. ROG — Ograzhden Mts. Predator of arthropods, collected from Pinus sp. Popov Phytophagous Marullo and Grazia and facultative predator Bailey , collected from Avena sativa , Hordeum vulgare , Onobrychis sativa , Triticum aestivum Donchev , , , Yanev This family includes 65 species of four genera. All representatives feed on flowers, but the distribution of the genera is remarkably fragmented ThripsWiki In Bulgaria, 7 species of two genera have been recorded. Phytophagous, collected from Juniperus communis , Juniperus procumbens Popov b. Phytophagous, collected from Onobrychis sativa , Rosa sp. BS — Ropotamo 0 m. Phytophagous, collected from Agrostemma githago , Campanula sp. Five species belonging to four genera have been described worldwide but very little is known about them ThripsWiki In Bulgaria, only one species has been reported. This family includes species in genera worldwide, systematized in four subfamilies: Dendrothripinae , Panchaetothripinae , Sericothripinae and Thripinae ThripsWiki Most of the species are phytophagous Mound , but a few are obligate predators Mound Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips tabaci are polyphagous pests but also behave as facultative predators in some regions Wilson et al. In Bulgaria, species from 33 genera have been recorded. Phytophagous, collected from Abies alba , Corylus avellana , Fagus sylvatica , Morus alba , Ostrya carpinifolia Popov , Phytophagous, plant pest, collected from Alnus alba , Alnus incana , Syringa sp. Veselinov , Popov b , ROP — Damyanitsa m. Phytophagous, found on Phillyrea media Popov b. Phytophagous, found on Alnus alba , Tamarix sp. Popov a , b. DW — Butan 60 m. Phytophagous, pest species on leaves of Morus alba Trenchev and Trencheva Phytophagous, pest of Cucumis sativus , leaves of ornamentals — Citrus sp. Chorbadzhiev , Elenkov and Hristova , Atanasov et al. Phytophagous, collected from Lotus corniculatus , Medicago sativa , Trifolium sp. Donchev , Popov a. Neohydatothrips gracilicornis Williams, Phytophagous, collected from flowers of Medicago sativa , Onobrychis sativa , Prunus sp. Donchev , ; Popov , a , b. ROG — widespread Ograzhden Mts. Phytophagous, collected from Lotus corniculatus , Trifolium sp. Popov a. Phytophagous, collected from Bromus arvensis , Corylus avellana , Festuka elatior , Oxalis sp. Phytophagous, collected from Euphorbia rupestris , Euphorbia myrsinites , Galium sp. Phytophagous, collected from Avena sativa , Holcus lanatus , Hordeum sp. PVS — Obelya m. Phytophagous, collected from Triticum aestivum Veselinov Phytophagous, collected from Avena sativa , Bromus sp. Veselinov , Popov a. RRW — Studenets, Rock bridges — m. Phytophagous, collected from Agrostis sp. Phytophagous, collected from mixed grass vegetation Popov a. Phytophagous, collected from Gnaphalium sp. Yanev , Popov b. Phytophagous, collected from mixed herbaceous vegetation Jenser and Krumov PVS — Gorublyane m. Phytophagous, collected from Avena sativa Veselinov Phytophagous, collected from Dactylis glomerata , Galium sp. RRW — Rock bridges m. Phytophagous, collected from Dactylis glomerata , Silene sp. Donchev Phytophagous, collected from Gnaphalium supinum , Juniperus sp. Phytophagous, collected from Parthenocissus sp. Popov b. Phytophagous, plant pest of Chrysanthemum sp. Karadjova and Krumov Phytophagous, plant pest collected from Avena sativa , Campanula sp. Phytophagous, plant pest of Alstromeria sp. Phytophagous, collected from Chrysanthemum leucanthemum , Coronilla emerus , Hypericum perforatum , Rumex sp. Phytophagous, collected from Antirrhinum sp. PKG — Debeli Lag m. Phytophagous, collected from Bellis perennis Krumov PVP — Plana Mts. Phytophagous, collected from Typha latifolia Jenser and Krumov Hygrophilous and phytophagous, found in the leaf sheaths of Iris pseudacorus Krumov Phytophagous, collected from Carduus sp. Phytophagous, collected from Coronilla varia , Lathyrus sativus , Lathyrus tuberosus , Lepidium draba , Lotus corniculatus , Medicago sativa , Onobrychis sativa , Pisum sativum , Secale cereale , Taraxacum officinale , Taraxacum incarnate , Trifolium pratense , Trifolium repens , Vicia faba , Vicia sativa Genov , Donchev , Yanev , Popov a. ROG — Karnalovo — m. Phytophagous, collected from mixed grasses Popov a. ROG — Churicheni, Karnalovo — m. Phytophagous, collected from Hordeum murinum , Hordeum maritimum Popov a. Phytophagous, plant pest of Bromus sp. ROP — Samuilova krepost — m. Phytophagous, collected from Poa sp. Phytophagous, plant pest, collected from Alopecurus sp. Phytophagous, collected from Alopecurus sp. ROG — Markovi Kladentsi — m. Phytophagous, collected from leaves of Fagus sylvatica Popov a. Mycterothrips consociatus Targioni-Tozzetti, ROB — Belasitsa Mts. Phytophagous, collected from leaves of Quercus coccifera Popov Phytophagous, collected from leaves of Sambucus sp. PVS — Sofia — m. Phytophagous, collected from leaves of Tilia sp. Phytophagous, collected from Lotus corniculatus , Medicago lupulina , Medicago sativa , Melilotus albus , Onobrychis caput-galli , mixed herbaceous vegetation Donchev , , Popov a. RPS — Slavyanka Mts. Phytophagous, collected from Cytisus sp. ROP — Melnik m. Phytophagous, collected from Dorycnium germanicum Jenser and Krumov PVV — Momina scala, Planinets — m. Phytophagous, collected from mixed herbaceous vegetation Yanev Phytophagous, collected from Coronilla emerus , Fabaceae species, Lathyrus sp. Phytophagous, collected from Melilotus officinalis , Melilotus sp. ROG — Churicheni — m. Phytophagous, collected from mixed herbaceous vegetation Popov a. RPR — Borovets m. Phytophagous, collected from Lathyrus sp. Phytophagous, collected from Campanula alpina , Eriophorum gracile , Juniperus communis , Pinus montana , Pinus sylvestris , Ranunculus montanum , Verbascum pannosum Yanev , , Popov a , b. Phytophagous, collected from Pinus sylvestris Popov a. SBW — Belidie Han m. Phytophagous, collected from Syringa vulgaris Popov b. SBW — Gintsi m. Phytophagous, collected from Poaceae Jenser and Krumov Phytophagous, collected from Bromus mollis Popov a. SBM — Beklemeto m. Phytophagous, collected from Galium sp. ROG — Churicheni, Divechova polyana — m. Phytophagous, collected from mixed vegetation Popov a. Phytophagous, collected from Rubiaceae and mixed vegetation Jenser and Krumov Phytophagous, collected from Clematis vitalba Jenser and Krumov RPR — Yastrebets m. Predator of mites, collected from leaves of Genista rumelica Donchev Predator of mites, collected from Juniperus communis Popov Phytophagous, collected from Avena sativa , Medicago sativa , Melilotus officinalis , Hordeum vulgare , Galium sp. Phytophagous, collected from Ficaria verna , Malus sylvestris , Mentha sp. Phytophagous, collected from Coronilla emerus , Lotus corniculatus , Primula sp. Donchev , , Popov a. ROP — Kresna Gorge — m. Phytophagous, collected from Tamarix sp. Phytophagous, collected from Cichorium intybus , Erigeron canadensis , Geranium macrorrhizum , Hypochaeris radicata , Leontodon sp. Sonchus arvensis , Verbascum sp. Phytophagous, collected from Lotus corniculatus Donchev RPP — Yavorov; Predela — m. Phytophagous, collected from Juniperus communis , Juniperus sp. Phytophagous, collected from Alnus glutinosa , Coylus sp. Phytophagous, collected from Hordeum vulgare , Lotus corniculatus , Medicago sativa , Onobrychis sativa , Sinapis arvensis , Triticum aestivum , mixed herbaceous vegetation Donchev , , , Veselinov , Popov a. Phytophagous, collected from Centaurium erythraea , Genista tinctoria , Haberlea rhodopensis , Lotus corniculatus , Matricaria chamomilla , Medicago sativa , Nicotiana tabacum , Onobrychis sativa , Sorghum halepense , Thymus sp. PVS — Sofia m. Phytophagous, collected from Tilia sp. Phytophagous, collected from Salix sp. ROG — Divechova polyana, Nikudin — m. ROG — widespread in Ograzhden Mts. Phytophagous, collected from Euphorbia sp. Phytophagous, collected from Rosa canina , Salvia sclarea Schliephake Phytophagous, collected from Lathyrus aureus , Hypericum perforatum , Verbascum phlomoides Manushev , Donchev ROG — valley of river Lebnitsa m. Phytophagous, collected from Platanus acerifolia , Platanus orientalis Jenser and Krumov Phytophagous, collected from Bellis sp. RPP — Yavorov, Popina luka; — m. RPR — Partizanska poliana m. Phytophagous, collected from Hypericum perforatum , Lotus corniculatus , Verbascum phlomoides Donchev DEL — Dobrudja m. Phytophagous, plant pest, collected from Agrostemma githago , Euphorbia sp. Kirkov Phytophagous, collected from Alopecurus agrestis , Lotus corniculatus , Rosa sp. Donchev , Popov a , b. Phytophagous, collected from Lepidium sp. Phytophagous, plant pest, collected from Asteraceae , Campanula sp. ROG — Markovi kladentsi m. Phytophagous, collected from mixed herbaceous vegetation Popov Phytophagous, collected from Cardus sp. Donchev , , ; Popov a. Phytophagous, collected from Asteraceae plants Pinus sp. Popov , a , b. Picea sp. Greenhoses and open field PVS — Negovan m. Phytophagous, collected from Iridaceae Gladiolus sp. Phytophagous, plant pest, collected from Beta vulgaris , Dianthus sp. Malkov , Yanev , Donchev , , Popov a , b. RPR — Granchar m. Phytophagous, collected from Trifolium repens Donchev Phytophagous, collected from Nicotiana tabacum , Urtica dioica , Ranunculus sp. Manushev , Popov a. SPM — Reselets m. ROG — Divechova polyana m. Phytophagous, collected from Campanula sp. Suborder Tubulifera consists of about species and genera, placed in the single family Phlaeothripidae and two subfamilies- Idolothripinae and Phlaeothripinae ThripsWiki The Haplothrips lineage is well defined as the tribe Haplothripini Mound and Minaei Species in this tribe are often phytophagous but some are predatory on other small arthropods. Although flower-living is relatively unusual among Phlaeothripidae , in the genus Haplothrips a large number of species live in the flowers of Asteraceae , Poaceae and Cyperaceae Mound and Minaei Members of the Liothrips lineage are leaf-feeding, and many of these are associated with the induction of leaf galls. Species in the Phlaeothrips lineage are essentially mycophagous, presumably hyphae feeders, and are often associated with dead leaves and branches ThripsWiki Some Phlaeothripidae are associated with mosses, and others are predators on mites or on coccids Mound Thirty species of 10 genera have been recorded from Bulgaria. ROG — Gorski Dom m. Mycophagous-spore feeder, collected from fallen leaves Popov a. Mycophagous-spore feeder, found in soil from a field with Hordeum vulgare Popov a. Mycophagous-spore feeder, collected from Fagus sp. Mycophagous-spore feeder, collected from Corylus avellana leaves, and on mixed herbaceous vegetation in oak forests Yanev BN — Cape Kaliakra 70 m. Mycophagous -hyphae feeder, found in leaf litter Vasiliu-Oromulu Cephalothrips monilicornis O. Reuter, BS — Dyuni 50 m. Unknown feeding preferences, collected from mixed herbaceous vegetation Jenser and Krumov Phytophagous, collected from Lotus corniculatus , Onobrychis sativa , Zea mays Popov , Donchev Phytophagous, collected from Avena sativa , Dactylis glomerata , Lotus corniculatus , Medicago sativa , Onobrychis sativa , Secale cereale , Trifolium repens , Trifolium pratense , Triticum aestivum Genov , Veselinov , Donchev Phytophagous, collected from Berberis vulgaris , Dactylis glomerata , Lotus corniculatus , Matricaria chamomilla , Medicago sativa , Onobrychis sativa , Secale cereale , Trifolium pratense mixed grasses Genov ; Veselinov ; Donchev ; Popov a. Phytophagous, collected from Lamium purpureum Donchev RRW — Smolyan Lakes m. Phytophagous, collected from Dianthus sp. Phytophagous, collected from mixed herbaceous vegetation of Asteraceae Popov a. Phytophagous, collected from Beta vulgaris , Medicago sativa , Onobrychis sativa Donchev , PBC — Topolovgrad — Hlyabovo m. Phytophagous, collected from Haberlea rhodopensis Donchev Phytophagous, collected from mixed herbaceous of Asteraceae , Medicago sativa , Trifolium pratense , Trifolium repens Donchev , , Yanev , Popov a. Phytophagous, collected from Onobrychis sativa Donchev RPR — Vada hut m. Phytophagous, collected from shrubby vegetation Yanev SBM — Ribarica m. Phytophagous, collected from Fagus sylvatica Popov b. RPR — Partizanska polyana m. Phytophagous, collected from Achilea millefolium , Onobrychis sativa Donchev Phytophagous, collected from Centaurea cyanus , Dactylis glomerata , Haberlea rhodopensis , Helianthus annuus , Medicago sativa , Onobrychis sativa , Secale cereale , Senecio sp. Phytophagous, collected from Medicago sativa Donchev Phytophagous, collected from Aster junceus , Chirothrips cinerariifolium , Euphorbia sp. SPM — Pravec m. Phytophagous and facultative predator, collected from Haberlea rhodopensis Donchev Phytophagous, pest of cereals, collected from Hordeum vulgare , Secale cereale , Triticum aestivum , mixed grasses Chorbadzhiev , Yanev , Popov a , Krasteva et al. Phytophagous, collected from Verbascum sp. PKQ — Blateshnitsa m. Mycophagous- hyphae feeder on dead tree branches, collected from the leaves of Clematis vitalba Yanev Mycophagous -hyphae feeder on dead parts, large branches, found in the field with Avena sativa , mixed herbaceous vegetation in pine forests Yanev RPP — Predela — Gradevo m. Phytophagous, collected from Quercus sessile leaves Popov Mycophagous- hyphae feeder on dead branches, collected from shrubs in beech forests and meadow vegetation in pine forests Yanev Predator of mites and hyphae feeder, collected from Populus sp. In total, species of thrips have been recorded in Bulgaria, in the altitudinal range from 0 to m a. Currently thrips account for 0. Two species, Rubiothrips vitis and Hoplothrips pallicornis , have been reported for Bulgaria in Fauna Europea but there is no actual evidence of their presence in the country and they have not been included in the list. The inconsistency of the information on Rubiothrips vitis probably stems from the fact that Bournier lists Rubiothrips vitis as a pest of vines in Bulgaria, quoting Zinca However, the paper of Zinca does not give any information on the presence of this species in the country. No information on the presence of Hoplothrips pallicornis in Bulgaria was found in the literature. The only reference for this species from Europe is the redescription of Priesner resulting from its interception by New York harbour quarantine. The author explains that Hoplothrips pallicornis is found in New York under bark of Juglans regia but originally comes from former Yugoslavia, suggesting that it may have a wider distribution at its origin. The authors of the present paper sent an informal request to Fauna Europea to ask for the source of the information leading to the inclusion of Hoplothrips pallicornis in the list. As regards the feeding preferences, The majority of them belong to the largest thysanopteran family, Thripidae All seven reported species from family Melanthripidae are plant feeders. In family Aeolothripidae , there are eight phytophagous species which are also facultative predators. Family Phlaeothripidae includes 21 phytophagous species: 1 from genus Liothrips and 20 from genus Haplothrips. Hoplothrips subtilissimus is also a facultative predator. Seven obligate predators from two families, Aeolothripidae 5 and Thripidae 2 , have been reported. All 9 mycophagous thrips species present in Bulgaria belong to the Phlaeothripidae. Four of them are spore feeders Idolothripinae and 5 are hyphae feeders, of which Xylaplothrips fuliginosus is also a predator on mites. Three thrips species are with unknown feeding preferences. Fourteen members of the phytophagous group are considered pests on agricultural crops. Among them, Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips tabaci have economic importance as pests and vectors of Tomato spotted wilt virus TSWV Karadjova and Krumov , while Haplothrips tritici can cause significant damage to cereal crops Krasteva et al. On Figure 1 the geographical regions and subregions of Bulgaria are presented following the division of Hubenov and the numbers of thrips species found in each subregion. Number of Thysanoptera species found in zoogeographical regions and subregions of Bulgaria. Thirteen thrips species have been reported for the region of the Black Sea Coast B. On the territory of Bulgaria, Amphibolothrips knechteli has been found only in the Northern Black Sea Coast subregion BN , while Cephalothrips monilicornis , Melanthrips knechteli and Ropotamothrips buresi have been recorded only in the Southern subregion BS at altitudes close to 0 m a. Forty nine species have been reported from the region of the Danubian Plain D. A single species, Pseudodendrothrips mori , has been reported in Bulgaria only from its Western subregion DW. The Middle subregion DM is well studied compared to the rest of the Danubian Plain due to the extensive research of the Bulgarian thysanopterologist Donchev during the period — Four species, Aeolothrips albicinctus , Haplothrips biroi , Hoplothrips marrubiicola and Tenothrips discolor , have only been reported from there, at an altitude of m a. Iridothrips iridis and Thrips linarius have been reported in Bulgaria only from the Eastern subregion DE. The large subregion of the Predbalkan SP is scarcely investigated with a total of 18 reported species. Oxythrips ulmifoliorum and Prosopothrips vejdovskyi have been reported in Bulgaria only for its Western subregion SBW , while Haplothrips phyllophilus and Rubiothrips ferrugineus have only been reported from its Middle subregion SBM. The parts of the Transitional Region P have been investigated to different degrees and are considered separately. The diversity of thrips in the Thracian Lowland PT includes 14 species, none of which are found only in this subregion. A total of nine species have been established in the vast Srednogorie—Podbalkan Subregion PS with no records which are unique for the country. Therefore its thysanopteran fauna is almost unknown. Hoplothrips semicaecus and Idolimothrips paradoxus are only found in Konyavska Planina Mts. The thrips of Vitosha District PV are better studied with 52 established species. The following have not been found elsewhere on the territory of Bulgaria: Aeolothrips priesneri in the Plana Mts. Popov in Ograzhden during the period — A total of 89 thrips species have been reported, 27 of which have been recorded in Bulgaria only from this region: Mycterothrips consociatus in Belasitsa Mts ROB ; Aeolothrips vittatus , Asphodelothrips croceicollis , Bolothrips bicolor , Bolothrips dentipes , Bregmatothrips dimorphus , Compsothrips albosignatus , Krokeothrips innocens , Limothrips angulicornis , Mycterothrips albidicornis , Odontothrips meridionalis , Rubiothrips silvarum , Sericothrips bicornis , Theilopedothrips pilosus , Thrips dilatatus , Thrips discolor , Thrips euphorbiae , Thrips fuscipennis and Thrips vuiletti in Ograzhden Mts ROG ; Aeolothrips gloriosus , Dendrothrips phillireae , Odontothrips dorycnii , Oxythrips bicolor , Rubiothrips validus , Rubiothrips vitalbae , Tamaricothrips tamaricis , Thrips minutissimus in Krupnik—Sandanski—Petrich Valley ROP. Fifty-four species are known from the mountanous Rila—Pirin region RP. The following are specific only for this region: Aeolothrips balati , Thrips juniperinus , Liothrips pragensis in Pirin Mts. RPP with altitudinal range from to m a. RPR at altitudes ranging from — m a. The other large southern mountaineous area of the Rhodope Mts. RR is poorly studied with 12 recorded thrips species. Three of the species in the list, Frankliniella occidentalis , Echinothrips americanus and Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis , have been reported only from greenhouses. The number of Thysanoptera species recognized from Bulgaria demonstrates that they constitute one of the not very well studied orders of insects. The reported thysanopteran species from Bulgaria are distributed in the altitudinal range from 0 to m a s l. The authors would like to thank Dr Zhenya Ilieva and Elena Petrova Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnology and Plant Protection , who reviewed an earlier draft of this manuscript and contributed with useful comments and discussions. Sincere gratitude goes to Prof. Laurence Mound for his professional corrections and remarks. ZooKeys 93— As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Find articles by Olia Karadjova. Find articles by Vladimir Krumov. Received Mar 15; Accepted May 13; Collection date Open in a new tab. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.

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