Dick Pound
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Dick Pound
dick pound
Feb. 25, 2020
Dick Pound.
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On Tuesday, a statement from a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), concerning the fate of the summer’s 2020 Tokyo Olympics as it relates to the recent coronavirus outbreak, began to circulate widely on Twitter. People did not seem as interested in the substance of the statement itself, however, as they did in the name of the man making it:
Dick Pound, as the AP report on his statement noted, is “a former Canadian swimming champion who has been on the IOC since 1978, making him its longest-serving member.”
IOC member Dick Pound says Tokyo Olympic organizers have until late May to see if the virus is under control. If not, "you're probably looking at a cancellation." https://t.co/e90SS6Px8B
In addition to being an Olympic swimmer, Dick Pound served as the chancellor of Canada’s McGill University, and the first president of the World Anti-Doping Agency. In 2005, he was named one of Time’s 100 most influential people. Impressive. What’s even more impressive, in my opinion, is that Dick Pound’s full name is Richard William Duncan Pound, meaning that at any point in his 77 years of life he could have chosen to go by, like, Rick, or Rich, or Will, or Duncan, but instead, he chose to go by Dick. Dick Pound. Swimmer Dick Pound. Longest-serving member Dick Pound. Thank you, Dick Pound.
Shortly after the AP posted its tweet, the term “Dick Pound” began trending on Twitter, because people need something, anything lighthearted to cling onto, even though the context in which we were hearing about Dick Pound wasn’t really lighthearted at all.
Things are so bad rn that even when a fun thing like “Dick Pound” trends it’s because of a deadly global pandemic https://t.co/5rIbTvEvLz
what is the most dire piece of news someone named "Dick Pound" could offer that would not result in us all being like "lmao Dick Pound" I'd say "imminent asteroid strike" but if we were all gonna die I think we'd actually double down on "lmao Dick Pound"
This is a serious story, but all I can focus on is that the IOC's most senior member is named Dick Pound. https://t.co/CyfZvIymwj
Indeed, in these dark times, we could all use a good Dick Pound.
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"Richard Pound" redirects here. For the professional wrestler, see Richard Pound (wrestler) .
1 2 Kerr, Peter (August 1, 2011). "Richard Pound – accepting a new challenge with the Foundation of Greater Montreal" . The Montrealer. Archived from the original on October 20, 2014 . Retrieved October 20, 2014 . 1 2 "Dick Pound: Making waves at the IOC" . CBC . Retrieved October 19, 2014 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Olympian Richard Pound inducted to McGill Sports Hall of Fame" . McGill University. June 22, 2010 . Retrieved October 20, 2014 . 1 2 3 4 Newton, David E. (2013). Steroids and Doping in Sports: A Reference Handbook: A Reference Handbook . ABC-CLIO. p. 198. ISBN 978-1610693134 . ↑ "Paul Tergat: Ambassador against hunger" . World Athletics . Retrieved 15 December 2020 . ↑ "Award of Merit" . McGill University. Fall 1997. Archived from the original on August 8, 2011 . Retrieved October 20, 2014 . ↑ Chigbo, Okey (August 2000). "The go-to guy, Richard Pound" . CA Magazine . Retrieved October 19, 2014 . ↑ "Dick Pound to preside over his last McGill Convocation" . McGill University. May 28, 2009 . Retrieved October 20, 2014 . ↑ Newton, David E. (2013). Steroids and Doping in Sports: A Reference Handbook: A Reference Handbook . ABC-CLIO. p. 200. ISBN 978-1610693134 . ↑ "Masthead, Volume 13". McGill Law Journal . 1967. ↑ Christie, James (November 7, 2011). "Dick Pound continues to build legacy" . The Globe and Mail . Archived from the original on October 20, 2014 . Retrieved October 20, 2014 . 1 2 3 Christie, James (May 10, 2011). "Dick Pound's 400,000-page archive to go digital" . The Globe and Mail . Retrieved October 19, 2014 . 1 2 "Richard W. Pound" . International Olympic Committee . Retrieved 17 December 2020 . ↑ Katz, Donald (8 January 1996). "Atlanta Brave" . Vault . Retrieved 5 January 2021 . ↑ "Richard W Pound "Dick " " . Bloomberg . Retrieved 5 January 2021 . ↑ "Sports Arbitration: How it Works and Why it Works" . Social Science Research Network . Retrieved 11 January 2021 . ↑ Deford, Frank (December 16, 2002). "The Dick Pound File" . Sports Illustrated . Archived from the original on November 4, 2014 . Retrieved November 3, 2014 . ↑ "Canadian appointed chairman of Olympic Broadcasting Services" . CTV. April 4, 2014 . Retrieved October 19, 2014 . ↑ Lowrie, Morgan (February 4, 2013). "Westmounter Dick Pound has dedicated his life to clean sport" . Westmount Examiner . Retrieved October 20, 2014 . ↑ Deford, Frank (December 16, 2002). "Just Say No Hard-charging IOC veteran Dick Pound has a new mission--to end drug use in the Games" . Sports Illustrated . Archived from the original on November 11, 2014 . Retrieved November 10, 2014 . ↑ "CNN Newsroom". CNN. 10 November 2015. ↑ John Leicester, Graham Dunbar (9 November 2015). "Russia should be banned from athletics competition over widespread doping and coverups: WADA report" . Associated Press . National Post. ↑ "Dick Pound slams NHL's drug policy" . CBC Sports . 24 November 2006 . Retrieved 15 December 2020 . ↑ Sokolove, Michael (January 7, 2007). "The Scold" . The New York Times . ↑ Christie, James (17 November 2007). "Crusader's last hurrah" . The Globe and Mail . Retrieved 15 December 2020 . ↑ "The Dick Pound Code: My Interview with Dick Pound" . hockeybuzz . 19 December 2007 . Retrieved 15 December 2020 . ↑ Wilson, Stephen (March 6, 2004). "Armstrong offended by Pound's words". Hamilton Spectator . p. SP.07. ↑ Morris, Jim (August 24, 2005). " ' Ritual denial' no good Pound; WADA boss calls for explanation; Still lot of holes in system, Scott says". Toronto Star . p. D3. ↑ "Rapport Armstrong.indd" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-01-01 . Retrieved 2007-02-18 . ↑ "Wada boss slams Armstrong 'farce ' " . BBC Sport . 2 June 2006 . Retrieved 15 December 2020 . ↑ "Official statement from WADA on the Vrijman report" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27. ↑ Macur, Juliet (February 12, 2007). "Ethics rebuke for doping chief reignites a feud with Armstrong". The New York Times . ↑ "Lance Armstrong comes clean" . ESPN . 17 January 2013 . Retrieved 15 December 2020 . ↑ "Aboriginal group demands IOC suspend Pound for 'savages' remarks". National Post . 17 October 2008. ↑ "Ex-Olympian calls Dick Pound's remark 'ignorant', 'racist ' " . Archived from the original on 2012-11-05. ↑ "Pound apologizes for 'pays de sauvage' remark" . CBC. 22 October 2008. ↑ Gibbon, Ann. "The Alchemist" . McGill University . Retrieved October 20, 2014 . 1 2 3 4 5 "Richard (Dick) W. Pound" . Canadian Olympic Committee . Retrieved 12 January 2021 . ↑ "Order of Canada Appointments" . The Governor General of Canada. December 26, 2014 . Retrieved January 15, 2015 . ↑ "Article" . ↑ Saporito, Bill (April 18, 2005). "Richard Pound" . Time . Retrieved October 20, 2014 . ↑ "Mr Richard W. POUND, Q.C., Ad. E." International Olympic Committee . Retrieved 17 December 2020 . ↑ "KEY FACTS - LAUREUS WORLD SPORTS AWARDS" (PDF) . Laureus . Retrieved October 20, 2014 . ↑ "Media Advisory: Dick Pound Joins the Canadian Grenadier Guards" . Market Wired. November 3, 2008 . Retrieved October 20, 2014 . ↑ "Pound joins the reserves" . The Globe and Mail . November 3, 2008 . Retrieved October 20, 2014 . ↑ "Dick Pound inducted into McGill sports hall of fame" . The Globe and Mail . June 21, 2010 . Retrieved October 19, 2014 . ↑ "IOC's Dick Pound named McGill chancellor" . canoe.ca. January 27, 1999 . Retrieved October 20, 2014 .
1930 – 1934: 100 yards 1938 – 1966: 110 yards 1970 – present: 100 metres
2005: Boston Red Sox 2006: Valentino Rossi 2007: FC Barcelona 2008: Dick Pound 2009: No award 2010: No award 2011: European Ryder Cup Team 2012: No award 2013: No award 2014: Afghanistan national cricket team 2015: Yao Ming 2016: Johan Cruyff 2017: Leicester City F.C. 2018: No award 2019: Lindsey Vonn
Dick Pound (1999–2007) John Fahey (2008–2013) Craig Reedie (2014–2019) Witold Bańka (2020-present)
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Richard William Duncan Pound , CC OQ QC (born March 22, 1942) is a Canadian swimming champion, lawyer and prominent spokesman for ethics in sport. He was the first president of the World Anti-Doping Agency and vice-president of the International Olympic Committee .
Pound is a staunch advocate of strict drug testing for athletes , and has made many allegations of cheating and official corruption, some of them challenged, owing to disputes over the testing and reporting procedures. Time magazine featured him as one of the " 100 Most Influential People in the World ". He was a chancellor of McGill University and was chairman of the board of Olympic Broadcasting Services .
Pound was born in St. Catharines , Ontario , the eldest of four children. [1] His father was an engineer at a pulp-and-paper mill, [2] and the family moved often. His family moved to numerous Quebec towns, including La Tuque and Trois Rivieres . [3] When Pound was six, his family moved to Ocean Falls, British Columbia . [2] He later moved to Montreal in 1957 and attended Mount Royal High School in Mount Royal, Quebec . [4] [5]
In addition to swimming, Pound was a squash player and won the Canadian intercollegiate championship twice. [4]
In 1962, he earned a Bachelor of Commerce degree from McGill University and was on the Dean's List. [6] One of his classmates was John Cleghorn . He received a licentiate in accounting from McGill in 1964 and got his chartered accountant designation the same year. [7] He received a B.A. with honours [1] from Sir George Williams University (now Concordia University ) in 1963 [8] and graduated from the McGill University Faculty of Law with a B.C.L. in 1967. During his time at McGill, he swam for the McGill Redmen from 1958 to 1962 and from 1964 to 1967. [3] He established school records in every freestyle event, winning three Canadian intercollegiate gold medals in each of his freshman, sophomore and senior years. [3] He was honoured by the Scarlet Key Society [3] and was awarded the Carswell Company Prize. [9] He served as managing editor of the McGill Law Journal . [10]
Pound won the Canadian freestyle championship four times (1958, 1960, 1961, and 1962) and the Canadian butterfly championship in 1961. [4] He competed for Canada at the 1959 Pan American Games in Chicago and the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome , where he finished sixth in the 100 meter freestyle and was fourth with the 4 × 100 m relay team. He won one gold, two silver, and one bronze medals at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Perth , Western Australia [3] [11] and set a Commonwealth record in the 110 yd freestyle. [3]
After Pound retired from competitive swimming, he served as secretary of the Canadian Olympic Committee in 1968. [3] He became president of the organization from 1977 to 1982. [12]
Pound was the Deputy Chef de mission of the Canadian delegation for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich . He was director and executive member of the Organizing Committee for the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary and director of the Canadian Bidding Committee for hosting the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver . Pound was the former Secretary of the Canadian Squash Rackets Association, as well as a former member of the Pan-American Sports Organization (PASO) Executive Commission and Legislative Commission. [13]
In 1978, Pound was elected to the International Olympic Committee and put in charge of negotiating television and sponsorship deals. He was on the IOC executive committee for 16 years, as vice-president from 1987 to 1991 and again from 1996 to 2000, [12] and was a one-time candidate for the presidency of the organization. Pound revolutionized the Olympic movement using such deals to transform the IOC into a multibillion-dollar enterprise. He became known as an outspoken critic of corruption within the IOC, while at the same time supporting the leadership of IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch . His criticisms were given a wide airing after the scandals surrounding the Salt Lake City Olympics broke, and he was then appointed head of the inquiry into the corruption. He also campaigned vehemently for stronger drug testing. Within the ISO, Pound has been in a variety of positions throughout the years, he was Member of the Executive Board (1983-1987, 1992-1996), Vice-President of the IOC (1987-1991, 1996-2000), Chairman of the following Commissions: Protection of the Olympic Games (1981-1983), Television Rights Negotiations (1983-2001), Marketing (1988-2001), Coordination for the Games of the XXVI Olympiad in Atlanta in 1996 (1991-1997), [14] Olympic Games Study (2002-2003), Vice Chairman of the Eligibility Commission (1990-1991). As well as being a member of the following Commissions: Preparation of the XII Olympic Congress (1988-1989), Protection of the Emblems (1974-1977), Eligibility (1984-1987), Olympic Movement (1983-1991, 1992-1999), Programme (1985-1987), Juridical (1993-2015), Study of the Centennial Olympic Congress – Congress of Unity (1994-1996), Sport and Law (1995-2001 and 2014-2015), "IOC 2000" (Executive Committee, 1999), Marketing (2005-), Olympic Philately Numismatics and Memorabilia (2014-2015), Legal Affairs (2015-2018), Communications (2018-), Chair of the boards of directors of Olympic Broadcasting Services S.A. [15] Switzerland and S.L., Spain (2014-2018), Member of the Board of directors of Olympic Channel Services S.L., Spain (2015-2018), IOC Representative on International Council of Arbitration for Sport (2016-2018), and Arbitrator, Court of Arbitration for Sport [16] (1985-2006, 2018-). [13]
With the retirement of Samaranch in 2001, he ran for president of the IOC, but the IOC chose Belgian Jacques Rogge . Pound finished third behind South Korean Kim Un-Yong , [17] who was one of those found to have participated in the Salt Lake City scandals, and who was later prosecuted by the South Korean government .
On April 4, 2014, he was appointed chairman of the board of Olympic Broadcasting Services . [18] He headed the independent commission that investigated the doping scandal in Russian athletics on behalf of WADA from December 2014 and presented its first partial report in November 2015, where the exclusion of the Russian Federation from international competitions was recommended.
Pound scaled back his involvement with the IOC. He helped found World Anti-Doping Agency , based in Montreal , and became the organization's first president. [4] In that role he oversaw an unprecedented toughening of the drug-testing regimen. [19] [20] Pound was an especially harsh critic of the Americans, arguing that there is widespread doping, especially amongst their track and field team. He also worked to expand WADA beyond the Olympics, calling on the major sports leagues to agree to WADA scrutiny. His allegations of widespread doping in professional bicycle racing at times brought WADA into fierce public conflict with the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). Pound's term as WADA president ended at the end of 2007; he chose not to run for another term.
Pound chaired a commission investigating doping in Russia in track and field (athletics). The commission released its report in November 2015, accusing the Russian state of being complicit in illegal doping, requesting suspension of the Russian Athletics Federation , suspending RUSADA and firing its director and declaring it was rife with corruption, and accusing Russian Sports Minister Vitaly Mutko of cover-ups. The report released by Pound's commission instigated an INTERPOL investigation. The commission's investigation also involved Russia's FSB spying on RUSADA during the Sochi Olympics . [21] [22]
He is a partner in the law firm of Stikeman Elliott LLP in Montreal. He practises tax law . He is also the author of several books on legal history. He edits Pound’s Tax Case Notes , a review of tax-law court cases for lawyers. He did much of the reading of cases and the writing of the notes on international airplane flights to and from International Olympic Committee functions.
Discussing the National Hockey League in November 2005, Pound said, "you wouldn’t be far wrong if you said a third of hockey players are gaining some pharmaceutical assistance. [23] Pound would later admit that he completely invented the figure. [24] Both the NHL and NHLPA have denied the claims, demanding Pound provide evidence rather than make what they term unsubstantiated claims. Since his comments were made, some NHL players have tested positive for banned substances, including Bryan Berard , José Théodore , and two of 250 players involved in Olympic testing. As of June 2006, there had been 1,406 tests in the program jointly administered by the league and the union, and none has come up with banned substances under NHL rules. Pound remained skeptical, claiming the NHL rules were too lax and unclear, as they do not test for some banned substance, including certain stimulants. [25] In an interview with hockey blogger, B. D. Gallof, of Hockeybuzz on December 19, 2007, Pound was asked to expand on the 30% comment and subsequent reaction, expounded that stimulants was "the NHL's drug of choice". He also cited that the NHL will have no credibility on a drug policy if it, and other sports, continue to run things "in-house". [26]
In January 2004, Le Monde quoted Pound as saying that "the public knows that the riders in the Tour de France and the others are doping." This prompted a strongly worded rebuke from Lance Armstrong , who called Pound's comments "careless and unacceptable." [27] Pound said he was surprised by the personal nature of Armstrong's response because he had never mentioned the cyclist by name.
Around the same time, scientists at a French lab were using frozen urine samples from the 1999 Tour de France to find a new way of detecting erythropoietin (EPO), an oxygen- boosting agent. The samples did not have names attached to them, only numbers, and were provided for research purposes only. But an article in the August 23, 2005 edition of L'Équipe reported finding documentation linking the numbers with the riders, with the findings from the research with samples linked to Armstrong, claiming that six of his 15 samples showed traces of EPO. Pound told the media that there was "now an onus on Lance Armstrong and the others to explain how it is EPO got into their systems." [28]
The Union Cycliste Internationale launched an enquiry, led by lawyer Emile Vrijman, former head of the Netherlands ’ antidoping agency (and later defense lawyer of athletes accused of doping). In his 132-page report, [29] leaked to the media on May 31, 2006, Vrijman said no proper records were kept of the samples and that there had been no chain of custody and no process to ensure that the samples had not been spiked with banned substances at the laboratory. The report was highly critical of WADA and Pound, concluding that they had specifically targeted Armstrong and the UCI. The report also called for an investigation to "focus on the communications between Dick Pound and the media" and recommended that no disciplinary action be taken against any athletes.
In response, Pound dismissed the Vrijman report as "so lacking in professionalism and objectivity that it borders on farcical. [30] WADA released an official statement, criticising the Vrijman report as biased, ill-informed, speculative, and "fallacious in many aspects." [31]
On June 9, 2006, Armstrong sent an eight-page letter to Jacques Rogge , president of the International Olympic Committee , demanding that action be taken against Pound. He wrote that Pound was guilty of "reprehensible and indefensible" behaviour and "must be suspended or expelled from the Olympic movement". In February 2007, the IOC ethics committee recommended that Pound exercise greater prudence in his public pronouncements. It declined to move toward removing Pound as an IOC member, and found it had no jurisdiction over WADA. In response, Pound said he was accountable to WADA, not to the IOC. [32]
In 2013 Armstrong admitted that he had taken banned substances. [33]
On August 9, 2008, during a conversation in French, when asked about whether the IOC was embarrassed to be affiliated with Chinese government 's recent political history, he was quoted as replying: "We must not forget that 400 years ago, Canada was a land of savages, with scarcely 10,000 inhabitants of European origin, while in China, we're talking about a 5,000-year-old civilization." [34]
Two months later, the Aboriginal advocacy group LandInSights asked for him to be suspended from the International Olympic Committee for the remark. Pound responded that it was a clumsy remark that was taken out of context, [35] and that in the particular French expression used, " un pays de sauvages ", the French sauvages was not equivalent to English "savages". [36]
Dick Pound resides in Westmount, Quebec , with his second wife, Montreal author Julie Keith . He has three children from his first marriage and two stepchildren from his second. [37]
He was inducted into the Canadian Aquatics (1972), and the Canadian Olympic (1975). [38]
Pound received an honorary doctorate from the United States Sports Academy in Daphne in 1988.
In 1992, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada and in 1993 was made an Officer of the National Order of Quebec . In 2014, Pound was appointed a Companion of the Order of Canada . [39]
In 1993, He was inducted into the Canadian Amateur Athletic. [38]
Pound was awarded the Gold and Silver Star of the Order of the Sacred Treasure by the government of Japan in 1998. [40]
In 2002, he received the Canadian Olympic Order (gold), International Swimming Hall of Fame Golf Medallion Award. [38]
In 2008, he won the Laureus Spirit of Sport Award for his work at WADA [42] [43] and was named Chancellor emeritus at McGill University . [38]
He is the Honorary Colonel of the Canadian Grenadier Guards (CGG). [44] [45]
In 2010, he was inducted into McGill University's Sports Hall of Fame. [46]
In 2011, he was inducted into the Canada's Sports Hall of Fame . [38]
Pound joined McGill University 's board of governors in 1986 and was elected chair in 1994. He served as Chancellor of McGill University from July 1, 1999 [47] to 2009. [12]
The International Olympic Committee is a non-governmental sports organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland. Founded by Pierre de Coubertin and Demetrios Vikelas in 1894, it is the authority responsible for organising the modern Summer and Winter Olympic Games.
The modern Olympic Games or Olympics are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are normally held every four years, alternating between the Summer and Winter Olympics every two years in the four-year period.
The United States Anti-Doping Agency is a non-profit, non-governmental 501(c)(3) organization and the national anti-doping organization (NADO) for the United States. To protect clean competition and the integrity of sport, USADA provides education, leads scientific initiatives, conducts testing, and oversees the results management process. Headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado, USADA is a signatory to the World Anti-Doping Code, which harmonizes anti-doping practices around the world and is widely considered the basis for the strongest and strictest anti-doping programs in sports.
In competitive sports, doping is the use of banned athletic performance-enhancing drugs by athletic competitors. The term doping is widely used by organizations that regulate sporting competitions. The use of drugs to enhance performance is considered unethical, and therefore prohibited, by most international sports organizations, including the International Olympic Committee. Furthermore, athletes taking explicit measures to evade detection exacerbate the ethical violation with overt deception and cheating.
The World Anti-Doping Agency is a foundation initiated by the International Olympic Committee based in Canada to promote, coordinate and monitor the fight against drugs in sports. The agency's key activities include scientific research, education, development of anti-doping capacities, and monitoring of the World Anti-Doping Code, whose provisions are enforced by the UNESCO International Convention against Doping in Sport. The aims of the Council of Europe Anti-Doping Convention and the United States Anti-Doping Agency are also closely aligned with those of WADA.
Rebecca "Beckie" Scott , is a Canadian retired cross-country skier. She is Chair of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Athlete Committee, and served as an International Olympic Committee member by virtue of being elected to the IOC Athlete's Commission along with Saku Koivu between 2006 and 2014.
Ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred permanently to the Winter Olympic Games program in 1924, in France. The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics.
This article is about the history of competitors at the Olympic Games using banned athletic performance-enhancing drugs.
Arne Ljungqvist is a Swedish medical researcher, sports personality and retired high jumper. Ljungqvist is an honorary member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), chairman of IOC's Medical Commission, and vice chairman of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). He is also called the "Doping-hunter" since more than 45 years.
Hein Verbruggen was a Dutch sports administrator who was president of the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) from 1991 till 2005 and president of SportAccord from 2004 to 2013. He was an honorary member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) since 2008. Previously, he was a member of the IOC and Chairman of the Coordination Commission for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad in Beijing in 2008.
Lance Edward Armstrong is an American former professional road racing cyclist. He was known for winning the Tour de France seven consecutive times, from 1999 to 2005, the most in the event's history, after recovering from testicular cancer. Armstrong's reputation was tarnished by a doping scandal and he was stripped of all of his achievements from August 1998 onward, including his Tour de France titles.
Doping, or the use of restricted performance-enhancing drugs in the United States occurs in different sports, most notably in the sports of baseball and football.
For much of the second phase of his career, American cyclist Lance Armstrong faced constant allegations of doping. Armstrong consistently denied allegations of using performance enhancing drugs until a partial confession during a broadcast interview with Oprah Winfrey in January 2013.
Richard Henry McLaren is a law professor at Western University in Ontario, Canada, specializing in sports law. In 2015, he was one of the three members of the WADA Commission, an independent panel commissioned by the World Anti-Doping Agency to investigate allegations of state-sponsored doping in Russian sports. He was awarded the Order of Canada with the grade of officer in 2015.
Grigory Mikhailovich Rodchenkov is the former head of Russia's national anti-doping laboratory, the Anti-Doping Center . Rodchenkov is known for his involvement in the state-run doping program in Russia.
Olympic Athlete from Russia ( OAR ) is the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) designation of select Russian athletes permitted to participate in the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The designation was instigated following the suspension of the Russian Olympic Committee after the Russian doping scandal. This was the second time that Russian athletes had participated under the neutral Olympic flag, the first being in the Unified Team of 1992.
The McLaren Report is the name given to an independent report released in two parts by professor Richard McLaren into allegations and evidence of state-sponsored doping in Russia. It was commissioned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) in May 2016. In July 2016, McLaren presented Part 1 of the report, indicating systematic state-sponsored subversion of the drug testing processes by the government of Russia during and subsequent to the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. In December 2016, he published the second part of the report on doping in Russia.
The Authorised Neutral Athletes are Russian athletes who are permitted to compete in the 2017 World Championships in Athletics by special permission, despite the IAAF's suspension of the Russian Athletic Federation. In order to compete, Russian athletes must demonstrate that they were not involved in the doping scandal that precipitated Russia's suspension from international athletics.
Systematic doping in Russian sports has resulted in 47 Olympic and tens of world championships medals being stripped from Russian athletes—the most of any country, more than four times the number of the runner-up, and more than 30% of the global total. Russia also has the most athletes that have been caught doping at the Olympic Games, with more than 200.
In office November 10, 1999 – December 31, 2007
In office July 1, 1999 – June 2009
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