Denis Hydroponics
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Dennis Robert Hoagland
Dennis Robert Hoagland April 2, — September 5, was a chemist and plant scientist working in the fields of plant nutrition , agricultural chemistry , and physiology. He is commonly known especially for his pioneering work on hydroponics and the development of the Hoagland solution. Hoagland graduated from Stanford University with a major in chemistry. In he became an instructor and assistant in the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition at the University of California at Berkeley, an institution with which he would be associated for the remainder of his life. He worked in the fields of animal nutrition and biochemistry until , when he entered the graduate school in the department of agricultural chemistry McCollum lab at the University of Wisconsin , receiving his master's degree in The following year he became Assistant Professor of agricultural chemistry and in Associate Professor of plant nutrition at Berkeley, in a field that eventually won him world renown. In , Dennis R. Hoagland married Jessie A. She died suddenly of pneumonia in He was left with the responsibility of bringing up three young boys. During the World War I , Hoagland tried to substitute the lack of imports of potassium-based fertilizers from the German Empire to the United States with plant extracts from brown algae , inspired by the ability of kelps to absorb elements from seawater selectively and to accumulate potassium and iodide many times in excess of the concentrations found in seawater. Based on these findings he investigated the ability of plants to absorb salts against a concentration gradient and discovered the dependence of nutrient absorption and translocation on metabolic energy using innovative model systems under controlled conditions. During his systematic research he developed the basic formula for the Hoagland solution based on the composition of soil solutions obtained from high productivity soils , and established the essentiality of molybdenum for the growth of tomato plants. Hoagland was able to show that various plant diseases are caused by a lack of trace elements such as zinc , and that boron , manganese , zinc, and copper are indispensable for plant growth Hoagland, He also focused on plant-soil interactions adressing, for example, the physiology of soil solutions and the pH dependence of plant growth. Hoagland thus contributed to the understanding of fundamental cellular physiological processes in green plants. A Hoagland hydroponic and soil culture solution provides every essential nutrient required by green plants being appropriate for the growth of a large variety of plant species. Hoagland's research was influenced by the plant pathologists H. Thomas and W. Snyder, and another pioneer of plant nutrition and hydroponics, William Frederick Gericke. This meant that the addition of further trace elements could be dispensed with. More highly purified chemicals and more sensitive methods for analysing trace concentrations were developed from and onwards. Hoagland's students included Daniel Israel Arnon who developed the composition of macronutrients of the Hoagland solution 2 and the concentration of micronutrients B, Mn, Cu, and Zn of the Hoagland solutions 1 and 2 as a result of joint efforts, \\\\\\\\\[14\\\\\\\\\] and Folke Karl Skoog. It is concluded that the promotion of growth of tobacco callus cultured on White's modified medium is due mainly to inorganic rather than organic constituents in aqueous tobacco leaf extracts added. In he was elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Nowadays the most common solutions for plant nutrition and plant tissue cultivation are the formulations from Hoagland and Arnon , , \\\\\\\\\[21\\\\\\\\\] and Murashige and Skoog Even the names of Hoagland and Murashige and Skoog are used as a brand for innovative products, e. Hoagland's great research merit was to initiate the solution named after him, thereby, creating the basis for a modern balanced plant nutrition that is still valid today. His findings are relevant to the sustainable use of natural resources such as soil, water and air , water and nutrient use efficiency in crop production and the production of healthy plant foods. Even if Hoagland and Arnon were never awarded the Nobel Prize for their outstanding research work on plant physiology and nutrition, the Hoagland solution , although never been applied for a patent , is still one of the most important inventions of modern times. Beyond Hoagland's professional skills some of his former colleagues characterized him in a obituary as 'a man of judgement, of tolerance, and of discernment, one who abhorred hypocrisy and admired honesty', representing 'the quality out of which great human structures are built'. With E. With L. Soil Sci. Part I. The Effect on Soil Reaction. With A. With C. With J. Relation of the Soil Solution to the Soil Extract. Martin and G. With W. Suggestions Concerning the Absorption of Ions by Plants. The New Phytologist, 24 2 Physiological Aspects of Soil Solution Investigations. Soil Solutions as Media for Plant Growth. Burd and A. Nature and Promise of Soil Solution. With P. Hibbard and A. Rome, , 3 With H. Proceedings and Papers of the First Int. Davis and P. Plant Phys. Protoplasma, 6 4 Chandler and P. Nutrition of Strawberry Plant under Controlled Conditions. Kjobenhavn Danmark. A, pp. Fifth Pacific Science Congress, pp. Phytopathology, 25 5 Third Inter. Essays in Geobotany in Honor of Wm. Press, pp. With T. With D. Fertilizer Problems and Analysis of Soils in California. Science, 89 Sugar Beet Tech. Accumulation of Salt and Permeability in Plant Cells. Lectures on the Inorganic Nutrition of Plants. Prather Lectures at Harvard University. Published by Chronica Botanica Co. Waltham, Mass. Martin and R. Interscience Publ. Chandler and J. Fertilizers, Soil Analysis, and Plant Nutrition. Absorption and Utilization of Inorganic Substances in Plants. Courtesy of The National Academy of Sciences Archives, and without these entries it would not have been possible. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the plant scientist. For the man who disappeared in Connecticut in , see Disappearance of Robert Hoagland. Golden, Colorado , USA. Oakland, California. Plant Physiology. PMC PMID Hoagland Award'. Retrieved 3 February Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 1 October Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences. The New Phytologist. ISSN Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. Smithsonian Institution Archives. Retrieved 20 January Retrieved January 28, American Journal of Botany. Plant and Soil. Physiologia Plantarum. National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 27 January Retrieved 6 February American Association for the Advancement of Science. Scholary Press, 1st Edition, , pp. Google Scholar. Mama Publishing, English Edition, Paris , pp. Authority control. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. September 5, aged 65 Oakland, California. University of California, Berkeley.
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