Davos buy hash

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Davos buy hash

Did two Factory Resets via the handset, reconnected to the Routervfine, but problem remains. Disconnect the device from the Internet box via the device setting. If this does not work, you can also restart or reset the Internet box. The questioner has marked this post as solved. Level 2. Any ideas appreciated. Who Liked this Message. Accepted Solutions. Super User. POGO

The rich and powerful are meeting in Davos. Here’s what they’re talking about

Davos buy hash

Someone once told me that the night is dark and full of terrors. And tonight I am no knight. Tonight I am Davos the smuggler again. Would that you were an onion. The davos library provides Python with an additional keyword: smuggle. The smuggle statement works just like the built-in import statement , with two major differences:. Taken together, these two enhancements to import provide a powerful system for developing and sharing reproducible code that works across different users and environments. In many cases, smuggle and import do the same thing— if you're running code in the same environment you developed it in. But what if you want to share a Jupyter notebook containing your code with someone else? If the user i. It's not a huge deal, of course, but it's inconvenient e. A second and more subtle issue arises when the developer i. So maybe the original author was developing and testing their code using pandas 1. Python will happily ' import pandas ' in both cases, but any changes across those versions might change what the developer's code actually does in the user's different environment—or cause it to fail altogether. The problem davos tries to solve is similar to the idea motivating virtual environments, containers, and virtual machines: we want a way of replicating the original developer's environment on the user's machine, to a sufficiently good approximation that we can be 'reasonably confident' that the code will continue to behave as expected. When you smuggle packages instead of importing them, it guarantees for whatever environment the code is running in that the packages are importable, even if they hadn't been installed previously. Under the hood, davos figures out whether the package is available, and if not, it uses pip to download and install anything that's missing including missing dependencies. From that point, after having automatically handled those sorts of dependency issues, smuggle behaves just like import. The second powerful feature of davos comes from another construct, called ' onion comments. Onion comments provide a way of precisely controlling how, when, and where packages are installed, how or if the system checks for existing installations, and so on. A key feature is the ability to specify exactly which version s of each package are imported into the current workspace. When used in this way, davos enables authors to guarantee that the same versions of the packages they developed their code with will also be imported into the user's workspace at the appropriate times. Psst-- we'll let you in on a little secret: importing davos automatically creates a virtual environment for your notebook. However, whereas setting up a virtual environment is usually left to the user, davos handles the pesky details for you, without you needing to think about them. Any packages you smuggle via davos that aren't available in the notebook's original runtime environment are installed into a new virtual environment. This ensures that davos will not change the runtime environment e. By default, each notebook's virtual environment is stored in a hidden '. The default environment name is computed to uniquely identify each notebook, according to its filename and path. However, a notebook's virtual environment may be customized by setting davos. This is useful for multi-notebook projects that share dependencies without needing to duplicate each package installation for each notebook. If you prefer, you can also disable davos 's virtual environment infrastructure by setting davos. Doing so will cause any packages installed by davos to affect the notebook's runtime environment. This is generally not recommended, as it can lead to unintended consequences for other code that shares the runtime environment. That said, davos also works great when used inside of standard virtual environments, containers, and virtual machines. The main advantage is that davos is very lightweight: importing davos into a notebook-based environment unlocks all of its functionality without needed to install, set up, and learn how to use additional stuff. There is none of the typical overhead of setting up a new virtual environment or container, virtual machine, etc. All of your code and its dependencies may be contained in a single notebook file. To turn a standard Jupyter IPython notebook , including a Google Colaboratory notebook , into a davos -enhanced notebook, just add two lines to the first cell:. This will enable the smuggle keyword in your notebook environment. Then you can do things like:. Check out the table of contents for more details! You may also want to check out our paper for more formal descriptions and explanations. You'll likely also want to import davos , which enables the smuggle syntax. Run the cell to install davos on the runtime virtual machine. Note : restarting the Colab runtime does not affect installed packages. However, if the runtime is 'factory reset' or disconnected due to reaching its idle timeout limit, you'll need to rerun the cell to reinstall davos on the fresh VM instance. The primary way to use davos is via the smuggle statement , which is made available simply by running import davos. Like the built-in import statement , the smuggle statement is used to load packages, modules, and other objects into the current namespace. The main difference between the two is in how they handle missing packages and specific package versions. Trying to import a package that can't be found locally will throw a ModuleNotFoundError , and you'll have to install the package from the command line, restart the Python interpreter to make the new package importable, and rerun your code in full in order to use it. The smuggle statement, however, can handle missing packages on the fly. If you smuggle a package that isn't installed locally, davos will install it for you, make its contents available to Python's import machinery , and load it into the namespace for immediate use. You can control how davos installs missing packages by adding a special type of inline comment called an 'onion' comment next to a smuggle statement. One simple but powerful use for onion comments is making smuggle statements version-sensitive. Python doesn't provide a native, viable way to ensure a third-party package imported at runtime matches a specific version or satisfies a particular version constraint. However, using these to constrain imported package would require writing extra code to compare version strings and still manually installing the desired version and restarting the interpreter any time an invalid version is caught. Additionally, for packages installed through a version control system e. To do this, simply provide a version specifier in an onion comment next to the smuggle statement:. In this example, the first line will load numpy into the local namespace under the alias ' np ', just as ' import numpy as np ' would. First, davos will check whether numpy is installed locally, and if so, whether the installed version exactly matches 1. If numpy is not installed, or the installed version is anything other than 1. Similarly, the second line will load the ' DataFrame ' object from the pandas library, analogously to ' from pandas import DataFrame '. A local pandas version of 1. In both cases, the imported versions will fit the constraints specified in their onion comments , and the next time numpy or pandas is smuggled with the same constraints, valid local installations will be found. You can also force the state of a smuggled packages to match a specific VCS ref branch, revision, tag, release, etc. For example:. The general format for VCS references in onion comments follows that of the pip-install command. See the notes on smuggling from VCS below for additional info. And with a few exceptions , smuggling a specific package version will work even if the package has already been imported! Note : davos v0. Different versions of the same package can often behave quite differently—bugs are introduced and fixed, features are implemented and removed, support for Python versions is added and dropped, etc. Because of this, Python code that is meant to be reproducible e. And since there is no Python-native way to specify package versions at runtime see above , this typically takes the form of a pre-configured development environment the end user must build themselves e. And even then, a well-intentioned user may alter the environment in a way that affects your carefully curated set of pinned packages such as installing additional packages that trigger dependency updates. Instead, davos allows you to share code with one simple instruction: just pip install davos! Replace your import statements with smuggle statements, pin package versions in onion comments, and let davos take care of the rest. Beyond its simplicity, this approach ensures your predetermined package versions are in place every time your code is run. If you want to make sure you're always using the most recent release of a certain package, davos makes doing so easy:. The ability to smuggle a specific package version even after a different version has been imported makes davos a useful tool for comparing behavior across multiple versions of the same package, within the same interpreter session:. The smuggle statement is meant to be used in place of the built-in import statement and shares its full syntactic definition :. In simpler terms, any valid syntax for import is also valid for smuggle. An onion comment is a special type of inline comment placed on a line containing a smuggle statement. Onion comments can be used to control how davos :. Onion comments are also useful when smuggling a package whose distribution name i. Take for example:. The onion comment here pip: scikit-learn tells davos that if ' sklearn ' does not exist locally, the ' scikit-learn ' package should be installed. Onion comments follow a simple but specific syntax, inspired in part by the type comment syntax introduced in PEP The following is a loose pseudo- syntactic definition for an onion comment:. For example, pip uses specific syntaxes for local , editable , and VCS-based installation. Less formally, an onion comment simply consists of two parts, separated by a colon :. Thus, you can essentially think of writing an onion comment as taking the full shell command you would run to install the package, and replacing ' install ' with ' : '. For instance, the command:. In practice, onion comments are identified as matches for the regular expression :. Note : support for installing smuggled packages via the conda package manager will be added in v0. For v0. The davos config object stores options and data that affect how davos behaves. After importing davos , the config instance a singleton for the current session is available as davos. The config object exposes a mixture of writable and read-only fields. Most davos. Additionally, certain config fields may be writable in some situations but not others e. Once set, davos config options last for the lifetime of the interpreter unless updated ; however, they do not persist across interpreter sessions. A full list of davos config fields is available below :. Equivalent to setting davos. See How it Works for more info. If smuggle has been overwritten with a different value, the variable will not be deleted. See How it Works for more. Functionally, importing davos appears to enable a new Python keyword, ' smuggle '. However, davos doesn't actually modify the rules or reserved keywords used by Python's parser and lexical analyzer in order to do so—in fact, modifying the Python grammar is not possible at runtime and would require rebuilding the interpreter. Instead, in IPython enivonments like Jupyter and Colaboratory notebooks, davos implements the smuggle keyword via a combination of namespace injections and its own far simpler custom parser. The smuggle keyword can be enabled and disabled at will by 'activating' and 'deactivating' davos see the davos Config Reference and Top-level Functions , above. When davos is imported, it is automatically activated by default. Activating davos triggers two things:. The davos parser uses this regular expression to match each line of code containing a smuggle statement and, optionally, an onion comment , extracts information from its text, and replaces it with an analogous call to the smuggle function. Thus, even though the code visible to the user may contain smuggle statements, e. The davos parser can be deactivated at any time, and doing so triggers the opposite actions of activating it:. Note : in Jupyter and Colaboratory notebooks, IPython parses and transforms all text in a cell before sending it to the kernel for execution. This means that importing or activating davos will not make the smuggle statement available until the next cell, because all lines in the current cell were transformed before the davos parser was registered. However, deactivating davos disables the smuggle statement immediately—although the davos parser will have already replaced all smuggle statements with smuggle function calls, removing the function from the namespace causes them to throw NameError. Reimplementing installer programs' CLI parsers. The davos parser extracts info from onion comments by passing them to a slightly modified reimplementation of their specified installer program's CLI parser. This is somewhat redundant, since the arguments will eventually be re-parsed by the actual installer program if the package needs to be installed. However, it affords a number of advantages, such as:. Installer options that affect davos behavior. Passing certain options to the installer program via an onion comment will also affect the corresponding smuggle statement in a predictable way:. Disables input prompts, analogous to temporarily setting davos. Overrides value of davos. Smuggling packages with C-extensions. Some Python packages that rely heavily on custom data types implemented via C-extensions e. Depending on how these objects are initialized, they may not be subject to normal garbage collection, and persist despite their reference count dropping to zero. This can lead to unexpected errors when reloading the Python module that creates them, particularly if their dynamically generated source code has been changed e. This can occasionally affect davos 's ability to smuggle a new version of a package or dependency that was previously imported. To handle this, davos first checks each package it installs against sys. If a different version has already been loaded by the interpreter, davos will attempt to replace it with the requested version. If this fails, davos will restore the old package version in memory , while replacing it with the new package version on disk. This allows subsequent code that uses the non-reloadable module to still execute in most cases, while dependency checks for other packages run against the updated version. Then, depending on the value of davos. The Python docs for importlib. If a module imports objects from another module using from … import …, calling reload for the other module does not redefine the objects imported from it — one way around this is to re-execute the from statement, another is to use import and qualified names module. The same applies to smuggling packages or modules from which objects have already been loaded. If object name from module module was loaded using either from module import name or from module smuggle name , subsequently running smuggle module pip --upgrade will in fact install and load an upgraded version of module , but the the name object will still be that of the old version! To fix this, you can simply run from module smuggle name either instead in lieu of or after smuggle module. Smuggling packages from version control systems. The first time during an interpreter session that a given package is installed from a VCS URL, it is assumed not to be present locally, and is therefore freshly installed. Since no information is retained about the state of the repository at installation, it is impossible to determine whether an existing package satisfies the state i. Skip to content. You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You signed out in another tab or window. You switched accounts on another tab or window. Dismiss alert. Notifications You must be signed in to change notification settings Fork 8 Star Import packages in Python, even if they aren't installed! License MIT license. Notifications You must be signed in to change notification settings. Branches Tags. Go to file. Folders and files Name Name Last commit message. Last commit date. Latest commit. History 1, Commits. Table of contents. Why would I want an alternative to import? Latest GitHub Update. Installing in Colaboratory. Smuggling Missing Packages. Smuggling Specific Package Versions. Use Cases. Guarantee your code always uses the latest version, release, or revision. Compare behavior across package versions. The smuggle Statement. The Onion Comment. The davos Config. Top-level Functions. How It Works: The davos Parser. Additional Notes. About Import packages in Python, even if they aren't installed! Topics python install jupyter ipython pip import reproducibility package-management google-colab environment-management. MIT license. Custom properties. Report repository. Releases 4 v0. Oct 1, Packages 0 No packages published. Contributors 3. Latest commit History 1, Commits. View all files. Setting to True activates the davos parser, enables the smuggle keyword, and injects the smuggle function into the user namespace. Setting to False deactivates the davos parser, disables the smuggle keyword, and removes ' smuggle ' from the user namespace if it holds a reference to the smuggle function. If True , when smuggling a previously-imported package that cannot be reloaded see Smuggling packages with C-extensions , davos will automatically restart the interpreter and rerun all code up to and including the current smuggle statement. A label describing the environment into which davos was running. Checked internally to determine which interchangeable implementation functions are used, whether certain config fields are writable, and various other behaviors. Set to True to run davos in non-interactive mode all user input and confirmation will be disabled. The path to the pip executable used to install smuggled packages. Must be a path str or pathlib. Path to a real file. Default is programmatically determined from Python environment; falls back to sys. A cache of packages smuggled during the current interpreter session. Formatted as a dict whose keys are package names and values are the. Implemented this way so that any non-whitespace change to installer arguments re-installation. If True , suppress all unnecessary output issued by both davos and the installer program. Useful when smuggling packages that need to install many dependencies and therefore generate extensive output.

Davos buy hash