DISABLED LESBIAN ALLIANCE
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GLAADGLAAD () is an American non-governmental media monitoring organization. Originally founded as a protest against defamatory coverage of gay and lesbian demographics and their portrayals in the media and entertainment industries, it has since expanded to queer, bisexual, and transgender people.
Lesbian feminismLesbian feminism is a cultural movement and critical perspective that encourages women to focus their efforts, attentions, relationships, and activities towards their fellow women rather than men, and often advocates lesbianism as the logical result of feminism. Lesbian feminism was most influential in the 1970s and early 1980s, primarily in North America and Western Europe, but began in the late 1960s and arose out of dissatisfaction with the New Left, the Campaign for Homosexual Equality, sexism within the gay liberation movement, and homophobia within popular women's movements at the time. Many of the supporters of Lesbianism were actually women involved in gay liberation who were tired of the sexism and centering of gay men within the community and lesbian women in the mainstream women's movement who were tired of the homophobia involved in it. Some key thinkers and activists include Charlotte Bunch, Rita Mae Brown, Adrienne Rich, Audre Lorde, Marilyn Frye, Mary Daly, Sheila Jeffreys, Barbara Smith, Pat Parker, Margaret Sloan-Hunter, Cheryl Clarke, Gloria E. Anzaldúa, Cherríe Moraga, Monique Wittig, and Sara Ahmed (although the last two are more commonly associated with the emergence of queer theory). As stated by lesbian feminist Sheila Jeffreys, "Lesbian feminism emerged as a result of two developments: lesbians within the Women's liberation movement began to create a new, distinctively feminist lesbian politics, and lesbians in the Gay Liberation Front left to join up with their sisters". According to Judy Rebick, a leading Canadian journalist and feminist activist, lesbians were and always have been "the heart of the women's movement", while their issues were "invisible" in the same movement. Lesbian feminism of color emerged as a response to lesbian feminism thought that failed to incorporate the issues of class and race as sources of oppression along with heterosexuality.
Disability studiesDisability studies is an academic discipline that examines the meaning, nature, and consequences of disability. Initially, the field focused on the division between "impairment" and "disability", where impairment was an impairment of an individual's mind or body, while disability was considered a social construct. This premise gave rise to two distinct models of disability: the social and medical models of disability. In 1999 the social model was universally accepted as the model preferred by the field. However, in recent years, the division between the social and medical models has been challenged. Alternative models of disability have increased, allowing for greater complexity and specificity in how disability is theorized. Additionally, there has been an increased focus on interdisciplinary research. For example, recent investigations suggest using "cross-sectional markers of stratification" may help provide new insights on the non-random distribution of risk factors capable of worsening the disablement processes. Such risk factors can be acute or chronic stressors, which can increase cumulative risk factors (overeating, excessive drinking, etc.) The decline of immune function with age and decrease of inter-personal relationships which can impact cognitive function with age. Disability studies courses include work in disability history, theory, legislation, policy, ethics, and the arts. However, students are taught to focus on the lived experiences of individuals with disabilities in practical terms. The field is focused on increasing individuals with disabilities access to civil rights and improving their quality of life. Disability studies emerged in the 1980s primarily in the US, the UK, and Canada. In 1986, the Section for the Study of Chronic Illness, Impairment, and Disability of the Social Science Association (United States) was renamed the Society for Disability Studies. The first US disabilities studies program emerged in 1994 at Syracuse University. The first edition of the Disabilities Studies Reader (one of the first collections of academic papers related to disability studies) was published in 1997. The field grew rapidly over the next ten years. In 2005, the Modern Language Association established disability studies as a "division of study". While disability studies primarily emerged in the US, the UK, and Canada, disability studies were also conducted in other countries through different lenses. For instance, Germany has been involved with queer disability studies since the beginning of the early 20th century. The disability studies in Germany are influenced by the written literary works of feminist sexologists who study how being disabled affects one's sexuality and ability to feel pleasure. In Norway, disability studies are focused on the literary context. A variation emerged in 2017 with the first accessibility studies program at Central Washington University with an interdisciplinary focus on social justice, universal design, and international Web Accessibility Guidelines (WAG3) as a general education knowledge base.
National LGBT Chamber of CommerceThe National LGBT Chamber of Commerce (NGLCC) is a U.S. based nonprofit advocacy Organization focused on promoting economic opportunities of the LGBT business community. Its headquarters are in NW in Washington, D.C. The NGLCC serves as the official certifying body for LGBT-owned businesses, referred to as LGBT Business Enterprises (LGBTBEs). The organization also supports the inclusion of these businesses in corporate and government supplier diversity programs. In October 2017, it changed its name from the National Gay & Lesbian Chamber of Commerce to National LGBT Chamber of Commerce to reflect broader representation within the LGBT community.
List of feature films with lesbian charactersThe following is a list of feature films with fictional and factual lesbian characters. The films were released theatrically, direct-to-video, or on a streaming platform (non-linear network). Films are in alphabetical order by year of release. Titles beginning with determiners "A", "An", and "The" are alphabetized by the first significant word.
Cotton ceilingThe cotton ceiling is a metaphor for the perceived marginalization or desexualization of trans women in queer erotic communities. It has been used to describe a "tendency by cisgender lesbians to outwardly include and support trans women, but draw the line at considering ever having sex with them." The phrase is derived from the term glass ceiling, a description of how women can advance to a certain level in business but are often held back from any further promotion or true seniority by sexism. The term is controversial. Some lesbians and gender-critical commentators interpret the term as connoting an obligation to have sex with trans women, which LGBTQ+ academics dispute.
Disabled Lesbian AllianceThe Disabled Lesbian Alliance (DLA) was a organization founded by disability rights activist Connie Panzarino in New York City in 1978. The first meeting of the Disabled Lesbian Alliance was held on July 15, 1978, in Panzarino's New York University student housing apartment. It was attended by six women, including Panzarino's aide, Nancy Robinson, and Rosalyn Richter. Other early members included Lyda Schoenfield and Gwen Elliot, who went on to participate in the later Lesbian Illness Support Group. The organization's early efforts focused on increasing accessibility in lesbian spaces through ASL interpreters, the inclusion of Braille on printed materials, and physical spaces without stairs. They were successful in spurring the Women's Liberation Center to move a slideshow screening by Tee Corinne from the third to the first floor. In the early 1980s, the DLA began expanding their reach to a national level, publishing an open statement about the necessity of accessibility in lesbian spaces. The statement was circulated in various feminist newspapers, including Sojourner, New Women's Times, off our backs, and Big Mama's Rag, and encouraged able-bodied lesbians to form consciousness-raising groups and prioritize the inclusion of disabled lesbians in community spaces. The records of the Disabled Lesbian Alliance, along with correspondence between Panzarino and other lesbian disability advocates, are housed at the Lesbian Herstory Archives.
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