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MadeiraMadeira ( mə-DEER-ə or mə-DAIR-ə; European Portuguese: [mɐˈðɐjɾɐ]), officially the Autonomous Region of Madeira (Portuguese: Região Autónoma da Madeira), is an autonomous region of Portugal. It is an archipelago situated in the North Atlantic Ocean, in the region of Macaronesia, just under 400 kilometres (250 mi) north of the Canary Islands, Spain, 520 kilometres (320 mi) west of the Morocco and 805 kilometres (500 mi) southwest of mainland Portugal. Madeira sits on the African Tectonic Plate, but is culturally, politically and ethnically associated with Europe, with its population predominantly descended from Portuguese settlers. Its population was 251,060 in 2021. The capital of Madeira is Funchal, on the main island's south coast. The archipelago includes the islands of Madeira, Porto Santo, and the Desertas, administered together with the separate archipelago of the Savage Islands. Roughly half of the population lives in Funchal. The region has political and administrative autonomy through the Administrative Political Statute of the Autonomous Region of Madeira provided for in the Portuguese Constitution. The region is an integral part of the European Union as an outermost region. Madeira generally has a mild/moderate subtropical climate with mediterranean summer droughts and winter rain. Many microclimates are found at different elevations. Madeira, uninhabited at the time, was claimed by Portuguese sailors in the service of Prince Henry the Navigator in 1419 and settled after 1420. The archipelago is the first territorial discovery of the exploratory period of the Age of Discovery. Madeira is a year-round resort, particularly for Portuguese, but also British (148,000 visits in 2021), and Germans (113,000). It is by far the most populous and densely populated Portuguese island. The region is noted for its Madeira wine, flora, and fauna, with its pre-historic laurel forest, classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The destination is certified by EarthCheck. The main harbour in Funchal has long been the leading Portuguese port in cruise ship dockings, an important stopover for Atlantic passenger cruises between Europe, the Caribbean and North Africa. In addition, the International Business Centre of Madeira, also known as the Madeira Free Trade Zone, was established in the 1980s. It includes (mainly tax-related) incentives.

AbadínAbadín (Galician pronunciation: [aβaˈðiŋ]) is a municipality in the province of Lugo, Galicia, Spain. It covers 196.1 km2 and has a population of 3,250 for a population density of 16.57/km2. It resides in the region of Terra Cha.

Cal IsletCal Islet (Portuguese: Ilhéu da Cal, also: Ilhéu de Baixo) is a small island about 500 m (1,600 ft) south of Porto Santo Island, in the Madeira Archipelago, Portugal. With an area of 1.40 km2 (0.54 sq mi), Cal is the largest of six islets close to Porto Santo. The highest point is 178 m (584 ft). The islet has never been inhabited.

Enric Ucelay-Da CalEnric Ucelay-Da Cal (born 1948 in New York City, United States) is a historian specializing in contemporary history, who has done extensive work on Catalan history. He is at present (2014) Senior Professor Emeritus at the Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) in Barcelona and coordinator of a Research Group on States, Nations and Sovereignties, linked to the UPF.
Ernesto Guerra Da CalErnesto Guerra Da Cal (1911–1994) was a Galician writer and philologist. An active Galician nationalist, he fought in the Spanish Civil War in the Republican side. He was one of the first theorists of Galician Reintegrationism. Exiled in the USA, he was professor emeritus of Spanish and comparative literature, Queens College, City University of New York. His son is the historian Enric Ucelay-Da Cal.
Da CalDa Cal is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Ernesto Guerra Da Cal (1911–1994), Galician writer and philologist, father of Enric Enric Ucelay-Da Cal (born 1948), Spanish historian, son of Ernesto

Bandera NegraBandera Negra (Black Flag) or Santa Germandat Catalana (Holy Catalan Brotherhood) was a secret, armed sub-organization of the Estat Català political party, founded on May 3, 1925. Its name referred to the black flag raised by the defenders of Barcelona in the Catalan Campaign (1713–1714) on August 1, 1714, signaling to the Bourbon troops that they would fight to the death and never surrender. On September 12, however, they did surrender, ending the cause of the Archduke of Austria. Regardless, historian Enric Ucelay-Da Cal still calls it "the traditional symbol associated with the will to kill or die".
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