Cyrnian grammar
- Mostly head final language
- Isolating
- Has plural
- Word order dependent on tense
- Verbs don’t have mandatory conjugations; however, descriptors can optionally be used for the same effect for clarity (see below)
- Doesn’t differentiate between adjectives and adverbs (descriptors)
- Descriptor always before noun / verb
- No indefinite articles
- The definite article is not used when referring to a singular proper noun (eg “The Moon”)
- The definite article is not used when referring the entirety of something (eg “The Spanish”)
- Morphosyntactic Alignment: Syntactically Transitive (a placeholder (dummy pronoun) is used instead of an object to allow for the tense system to work correctly) (i.e. Intransitive case: Īr, Transitive case: nothing)
- The verb can be modified to indicate that it is something that is wanted
- Indirect object: Place after the direct object, must seperate with “Cü”
- Passive voice: O khemar VS, O S khemar V, khemar V O S (khemar is a descriptor describing the verb)
- Zero is singular
- The possessor is placed before the possessed
- The copula differs depending on if the object is a noun or a descriptor
- When adressing someone in a sentence use i (Eira īr pil, i Reddit! - We did it, Reddit!)
- Comparative verbs compare 2 stated nouns
- Comparative descriptors compares the word with something else derived from context, place in front of the descriptor it’s describing
- Comparison between 2 nouns in a larger sentence are achieved with relative clauses
- The descriptor describing the compared items modifies the comparative verb
- No descriptor means it’s a comparison between the value (inanimate) or self-worth (animate) of the compared
- Syntactic pivot: Pivots around the subject “Cw-” (in this situation, if the conjunction used is “and”, it can be dropped in informal contexts)
- Favors shorter clauses over longer ones
- The third most popular drink => Third popular drink
- The second least popular drink => second not popular drink
- Verbs can be compounded together with the ezafe to say that the subject did both (e.g. “Midar e kar jeva yu Midar e kar shëgh.” => “Midar e kar jeva-lü shëgh”) => must be in the same tense
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Article or Possesser, Descriptor, Prefix, Root word, Suffix
Descriptor order (not completely strict)
[Prepositional phrase modifying the word (includes possesser)] Number Opinion Color Temperature Size Appearance Other Noun/Verb/descriptor_it’s_describing
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Tenses:
- Present = SVO
- Past = SOV
- Future = VSO
Aspects: (The aspect affix is attached before the mood mood affix
- Simple = No affixation
- Perfect = -oh *Starting to become used as a generic past tense with SVO word order in casual speech
- Habitual = -ut
- Perfect-habitual = -aut
Moods:
affixed to verb
- Indicative = no affixation
- Imperative = Eit substitutes the 2nd person pronoun (only present & future tense, future sense is used alone when the speaker wants the listener to do the task some time later (adverbs can make it more specific), Present is harsher and it demands it to be done immediately)
- Subjunctive = -ij
- Interrogative particle: Har (used at the beginning of the sentence)
Aspect suffixes come before mood suffixes
=========================== Note: the number = which syllable is stressed
Diminutive: -ei DIMINUTIVE BEFORE PLURAL (attached with a y) (can also be used to express a part of a whole (eg Vam => snow & vamei => snowflake, husk => wheat, huskei => grain of wheat)
plural: -a (can also be used to express a broader concept if the noun is uncountable (eg Beer = Kholog, Alcohol = Khologa, Gasoline: Petrel, Petroleum: Petrela
-ian: -ez
sub-: -loc
Collateral (Noun/verb into descriptor) -ar suffix
Verb => Descriptor (done): -aum
Descriptor => noun: -ikht
Descriptor => verb: -eghd
Noun => verb: -uj
Agent suffix: -idt
Negative: Fe
Ezafe: Compounds 2 words of the same type: word1-ü word2 (dash written) (If the 1st begins with a vowel, it becomes -lü instead of using the generic repair mechanism y-)
Verbal Noun: -eir (phrase still organized with tense like in a regular sentence)
Post-: Cë- (dash not written)
-Optional “Conjugations” (descriptors)-
The verb is being done by multiple things: Ah
The verb is being done to multiple things: Leh
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Marker for intransitive noun: Īr (acts like object)
Seperator between the subject/agent phrase, the verb phrase, or the object phrase (optional): Im
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Demonstrative proximal determiner (This): Sen
Demonstrative proximal plural determiner (These): Sena
Demonstrative distal determiner (That): Dan
Demonstrative distal plural determiner (Those): Dana
Demonstrative proximal pronoun: Thei
Demonstrative proximal plural pronoun: Theya
Demonstrative distal pronoun: Dtei
Demonstrative distal plural pronoun: Dteya
Articles:
The: e
Negative article: Fe
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POLAR QUESTION RESPONSES
Affirmative (yes): Lavt vij (vij lavt for past tense) (formal: Īr lavt vij / Lavt Īr vij / Īr vij lavt)
Negative (no): Fe (formally Flavt vij / Vij flavt / Fe lavt vij / Vej fe lavt / Īr flavt vij / Flavt Īr vij / Īr vij flavt / Īr fe lavt vij / Īr vij fe lavt / Fe lavt Īr vij)
Alternatively, the answer can be echoed
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Quantifiers:
~100% (All): Nish
~75%: Al
~67%: Ez
~50%: Zur
~33%: Oc
~25%: Qak
~0% (No): Fe
“some”: Īb
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Greetings:
Hello (informal): Hei
Hello (formal): Mezre zevt / Mom zevt
Welcome: Jehkam
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Honorifics:
Example name: Ersh Midar Shaceh
Showing importance: Definite article; E Yersh Midar Shaceh / E Yersh / E Yersh Shaceh / E Shaceh (Y added as a repair mechanism)
Any other title: compounded with “-ü”: ( e.g. Ceirelan-ü Ersh Midar Shaceh) (also used in instances where the person is referring to themselves indirectly (e.g. I, president Sheid Tilman Ghedtith => ith-ü ye prezident-ü Sheid Negham Ghedtith))
Rahban-ü: Mister
Nerz-ü: Miss / Missus