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Medically Reviewed by Dan Brennan, MD on May 16, 2021
Anyone who has watched a pimple popping video online may be familiar with the word comedo. Dermatologists use comedo to describe the most common types of acne. A comedo can be either a whitehead or a blackhead. Most people have had comedonal acne at some time in their lives.
Comedones are pores or hair follicles that have gotten blocked with bacteria, oil, and dead skin cells to form a bump on your skin. They are not as inflamed and painful as some other types of acne. But they can be unsightly.
You may be more prone to comedones if other people in your family have a history of comedonal breakouts. Hormone fluctuations also increase your chances of developing comedones.
Some people have a breakout of comedones around their hairline if they use heavy styling products. A comedo can also appear on your forehead if you frequently wear a hat that fits tightly against your skin.
There are ways to treat and prevent comedonal acne at home, and removal treatments you can get from a doctor.
A comedo can be one of two types. These are commonly called whiteheads or blackheads. The names come from how the blemishes look on your skin. They are small bumps that are either flesh-colored or have a dark spot on top.
Whiteheads. Whiteheads are blocked pores that have closed over. They are usually the color of your flesh or slightly lighter than the surrounding skin. They are not usually painful. You may have one at a time. They can also appear in clusters. ‌
Blackheads. Blackheads are bumps with a dark spot on top. Unlike whiteheads, your clogged pore stays open. The dead skin and oils blocking it are exposed to the air. The oxygen in the air then causes the spot to turn a dark color.
Comedones are among the easiest types of acne to treat . They are close to the surface of your skin and respond well to over-the-counter topical medicines. You can find acne treatments that contain benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid and use them to treat your comedones. ‌
Speak with your doctor if you need stronger treatment to reduce or remove your comedones. They may prescribe a prescription-strength cream or oral medicine to manage acne. They might add an antibiotic as well if they think bacteria is making your blocked pores worse.
Videos of doctors using special tools to extract comedones are very popular online. But experts caution that trying to imitate pimple-popping videos can make your skin worse. You could hurt yourself and the actions might lead to infections and scarring.
You may have different types of blemishes on your face along with comedones. ‌
Other types of acne may be more painful with redness and inflammation. These tend to be deeper under the skin and may be complicated by the presence of bacteria. They may not go away with over-the-counter treatment. You should talk to your doctor about the following kinds of pimples. ‌
Papules. Papules are raised bumps with no head that might feel rough or sandpapery to the touch.
Pustules. Pustules are raised blemishes that are filled with white or yellowish fluid. They are harder to treat and may require a prescription medication.
Nodules. Nodules form deep below your skin's surface. They look like red bumps that are larger than typical blemishes. Nodules are hard to the touch and don't heal quickly.
Cysts. Acne cysts are inflamed spots. They are soft to the touch because they are filled with fluid. They can lead to scarring if left untreated. These usually require treatment from a doctor.
Here are several steps you can take to reduce or prevent future comedo breakouts.
Wash your face . Use a gentle cleanser twice a day. Be sure to wash your face after sweating.
Don't irritate your skin. Avoid products that are abrasive or drying. Use lukewarm rather than hot water to wash your face. Don't scrub your skin roughly. Use your fingers to wash your face instead of a sponge or cloth.
Shampoo regularly. Keeping your hair and scalp clean can prevent breakouts near your hairline or on your scalp.
Don't pick at your skin. Picking or popping blemishes can make them worse or cause scarring. Touching them can spread bacteria from your fingers and lead to infections.
Taking proper care of your skin can help prevent comedones and other types of acne. Contact your doctor if you have questions about acne or comedo removal.
American Academy of Dermatology Association: "ACNE: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT," "ACNE: TIPS FOR MANAGING," "PIMPLE POPPING: WHY ONLY A DERMATOLOGIST SHOULD DO IT," "WHAT KIDS SHOULD KNOW ABOUT KINDS OF PIMPLES."
American Family Physician: " Diagnosis and Treatment of Acne."
Stanford Children’s Health: "Acne in Children."
See if you know how to control your acne.
Treatments for blackheads, whiteheads, and cystic acne.
Dos and don’ts for hiding breakouts.
Why adults get acne and how to treat it.
© 2005 - 2022 WebMD LLC. All rights reserved.
WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

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Comedo

A comedo (plural comedones ) is a plugged follicular orifice.
Skin lesions and conditions in which there are prominent comedones include:
Comedones in hidradenitis suppurativa
Dermatoscopy of seborrhoeic keratosis. Rectangles highlight comedones.
DermNet NZ does not provide an online consultation service. If you have any concerns with your skin or its treatment, see a dermatologist for advice.
© 2022 DermNet New Zealand Trust.
DermNet NZ does not provide an online consultation service. If you have any concerns with your skin or its treatment, see a dermatologist for advice.

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What Is Comedone Extraction, and Should You Do It?
Comedone Extraction Is a Procedure to Remove the Contents of Clogged Pores. Professional Comedone Extraction Might Help with Mild Acne but May Worsen Severe Acne.

By: Dan Kern, Acne.org Founder & CSO

Last updated: November 10, 2020

Comedo extraction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedo_extraction

Comedo. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedo

Lowney, E. D., Witkowski, Simons, H. M. & Zagula Z. W. Value of comedo extraction in treatment of acne vulgaris. JAMA . 189 , 1000-1002 (1964). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14188876

Fox, L., Csongradi, C., Aucamp, M., du Plessis, J. & Gerber, M. Treatment Modalities for Acne. Molecules . 21 , 8 (2016). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27529209

Taub, A. F. Procedural treatments for acne vulgaris. Dermatol. Surg. 33 , 1005-1026 (2007). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17760592

Wise, E. M. & Graber, E. M. Clinical pearl: comedone extraction for persistent macrocomedones while on isotretinoin therapy. J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol. 4 , 20-21 (2011). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3225139/

Steventon, K. Expert opinion and review article: The timing of comedone extraction in the treatment of premenstrual acne--a proposed therapeutic approach. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 33 , 99-104 (2011). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20807258

Cunliffe, W. et al. Comedone formation: etiology, clinical presentation, and treatment. Clinics in Dermatology 22 , 367-374 (2004). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15556720

Gollnick, H., Cunliffe, W., Berson, D., Dreno, B., Finlay, A., Leyden, J. J., Shalita, A. R., Thiboutot, D.; Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne. Management of acne: a report from a Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 49 (1 Suppl), S1-37 (2003). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12833004

Mukhtar, M. & Sharma, R. Surgical pearl: the safety pin as a better alternative to the versatile paper clip comedo extractor. Int. J. Dermatol. 43 , 967-968 (2004). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15569035

Kaya, T. I., Tursen U., Kokturk, A. & Ikizoglu, G. An effective extraction technique for the treatment of closed macrocomedones. Dermatol. Surg. 29 , 741‐744 (2003). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12828698

Skin care for acne-prone skin. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279208/

Acne prevents people from facing the world and living fully. I'm proud to provide the truth about acne, based on fully-referenced science, and I'm also proud to recommend a regimen that allows people to become completely clear and completely themselves.

What is it? Comedone extraction is a procedure in which a doctor, nurse, or esthetician/cosmetician uses a small metal tool called a comedone extractor with a loop on one end to expel the contents of clogged pores. It takes only a few minutes.

What types of lesions is it good for? Comedone extraction is only appropriate for whiteheads and blackheads--acne lesions with a white or black dot in the center but with no redness whatsoever. Comedone extraction can prevent whiteheads and blackheads from turning into red, inflamed lesions and can help your skin to look clearer in the short term. However, attempting comedone extraction on red, inflamed lesions is a bad idea and will likely make your acne worse and/or lead to scarring.

Never try at home: If you decide to try comedone extraction, be sure to make an appointment at a dermatologist's office or at a beauty salon or spa. Never attempt comedone extraction at home, because you are likely to irritate the skin, which may lead to more acne and increased chances of scarring. Tip: If you do get comedone extraction, make sure it is not accompanied by any scrubbing or microdermabrasion , which may cause skin irritation and make your acne worse.

Is it worth it? In most cases, no. Comedone extraction needs to be performed regularly to maintain results, so costs (which can be $200 per visit) can add up quickly. Since results are only temporary, getting your acne under control and preventing future whiteheads and blackheads in the first place is a much better option.

My personal experience with it: I got this done one time back in college. I was broken out pretty badly and went in for a dermatologist visit to explore more treatment options. During the visit, the doctor himself performed comedone extractions on me. I didn't like anything about the experience. First of all it felt uncomfortable with someone looking so closely at my skin. Next, it left my skin red and irritated. And worst of all, I ended up breaking out again shortly after I got it done, which I now know was probably from the irritation it caused. My advice: Avoid.

Comedone extraction is a procedure for physically removing comedones (clogged pores, also known as whiteheads and blackheads , that are not red or sore) from the skin. It consists of applying pressure around the opening of the pore in order to push out the substances clogging the pore. 1,2 Comedone extraction should not be confused with popping pimples .

Comedone extraction is only for acne lesions with white or black centers that are not red in any way. Let's look at the different types of acne lesions and whether comedone extraction is appropriate for them:

Note: If you have a mix of different types of acne lesions, comedone extraction can be performed just on the non-inflammatory lesions.

Professionals who perform comedone extraction include:

NEVER TRY IT YOURSELF: Comedone extraction requires skill and experience, and if performed improperly, it can damage the skin, increase the risk of skin infection, and increase the chance of scarring. At best, you risk irritating the skin, and we know that anything that irritates the skin can lead to more acne. If you decide to try comedone extraction, book an appointment with a skilled professional.

There are two main reasons to undergo comedone extraction:

If you are curious to know more about the science behind how removing comedones can pre-empt more severe types of acne, you can read more here:

To understand the logic behind removing comedones, we need to look closely at what comedones are and how they can turn into more severe types of acne lesions.

Comedones are basically clogged pores. Comedones come in two varieties: closed and open. Closed comedones (whiteheads) look like white bumps under the skin because the clogged skin pore is not open to the surface. Open comedones (blackheads) look like black dots because the pore opens onto the skin surface. Open comedones may look like dirt in skin pores, but what appears as dirt is actually the skin pigment melanin, which turns into a dark spot when it comes into contact with oxygen in the air.

Comedones are not red or sore and are known as non-inflammatory lesions . However, if a comedone continues to expand, the walls of the follicle may rupture, resulting in inflammation. At this point, the comedone turns into an inflammatory lesion . Inflammatory lesions have redness in or around them and are sometimes painful. Inflammatory acne lesions include papules and pustules .

There is some evidence that extracting comedones can prevent them from turning into inflammatory lesions. 3 This helps avoid the pain that comes with inflammatory acne. It may also allow the acne to heal faster, because comedones heal quickly without scarring, unlike inflammatory lesions, which can take longer to heal and may leave scars. 4

Despite the wide use of comedone extraction by dermatologists, estheticians, and cosmeticians, very few studies have looked at whether the procedure really helps with acne. 5 Let's take a look at the limited research we do have.

The research on comedone extraction

The best evidence we have comes from an old study published in 1964 in the Journal of the American Medical Association . In that study, researchers performed comedone extraction on 32 patients with acne of varying severity. They concluded that for people with mild acne, non-inflammatory acne, comedone extraction helped prevent the development of inflammatory acne lesions for up to 3 months after the procedure. However, for people suffering from cystic acne, comedone extraction actually tended to make their acne worse. The study authors wrote, "this procedure was effective in most patients in preventing the development of inflamed acne lesions when applied…in patients with very superficial forms of acne…Inflamed cystic acne tended to be made worse by comedone extraction." 3

The researchers performed comedone extraction on only one side of the face in 32 patients. For 20 of these patients, comedones were extracted on the forehead, while for the remaining 12 patients, comedones were extracted on the cheeks or chin. After performing comedone extraction 4-10 times at inte
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