Cones, Bosko, Hashish Dahab

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Cones, Bosko, Hashish Dahab

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Cones, Bosko, Hashish Dahab

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Cones, Bosko, Hashish Dahab

Critical Care Toxicology pp Cite as. Later version available View entry history. The pulsations of the bell are relied on as their mode of locomotion, while the tentacles are typically used for capturing prey. Jellyfish have a worldwide distribution, occupying every ocean and some freshwater lakes. The phylum is comprised of several distinct life forms and four important classes of jellyfish: Cubozoa, Hydroza, Anthozoa, and Scyphozoa. The defining feature of Cnidaria is the cnidocyte, and the tentacles of most jellyfish are lined with thousands of them Figs. Each cnidocyte contains a harpoon-like organelle known as a cnida or cnidocyst. On the external surface of the cnidocyte is a cnidocil which, when activated by pressure, osmotic, or chemical changes, acts like a trigger, releasing the previously coiled harpoon. Once forcefully expelled, a process that takes microseconds, the harpoon is capable of penetrating human tissue. Venom is forced out of the cnidocyte under pressure through the epidermis and upper dermis and, particularly if dermal capillaries are inoculated directly, can enter the systemic circulation. It is sometimes stated that these may be inadvertently accelerated by the rubbing or shaking of a startled human victim, but there is no reliable evidence that this actually occurs. Skip to main content. This service is more advanced with JavaScript available. Advertisement Hide. Marine Vertebrates, Cnidarians and Mollusks. Authors Authors and affiliations L. Keith French B. Zane Horowitz. This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. CrossRef Google Scholar. Barnes JH. Cause and effect in Irukandji Stingings. Med J Aust. PubMed Google Scholar. A pharmacological investigation of the venom extract of the Australian box jellyfish, Chironex fleckeri , in cardiac and vascular tissues. Toxicol Lett. The effects of antivenom and verapamil on the heamodynamic actions of Chironex fleckeri box jellyfish venom. Anaesth Intensive Care. Google Scholar. Brinkman D, Burnell J. Identification, cloning and sequencing of two major venom proteins from the box jellyfish, Chironex fleckeri. Jellyfish and other cnidarian envenomations cause pain by affecting TRPV1 channels. FEBS Lett. Endean R. Separation of two myotoxins from nematocysts of the box jellyfish Chironex fleckeri. Cardiovascular actions of the venom from the Irukandji Carukia barnesi jellyfish: effects in human, rat, and Guinea-pig tissues in vitro and in pigs in vivo. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. Effects of diltiazem on in vitro cardiovascular actions of crude venom obtained from Okinawan box-jellyfish Habu-kurage , Chiropsalmus quadrigatus. Anaesth Intens Care. Haemodynamic effects of the crude venom from nematocysts of the box-jellyfish Chiropsalmus quadrigatus Habu-kurage in anaesthetized rabbits. 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Respiratory failure and lethal hypotension due to blue-ringed octopus and tetrodotoxin envenomation observed and counteracted in animal models. Williamson JA. The blue-ringed octopus bite and envenomation syndrome. Clin Dermatol. Fulghum DD. Octopus bite resulting in granuloma annulare. Terlau H, Olivera BM. Conus venoms: a rich source of novel ion channel targeted peptides. Physiol Rev. Yoshiba S. An estimation of the most dangerous species of cone shell: Conus geographus venoms lethal dose to humans. Jpn J Hyg. Intraspecific variations in Conus geographus defence-evoked venom and estimation of the human lethal dose. Conus venom peptide pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev. Holmes D. Conotoxins: how a deadly snail could help ease pain. Lancet Neurol. Prommer EE. Ziconotide: can we use it in palliative care? Am J Hosp Palliat Med. Fegen D, Andresen D. Conus geographus envenomation. Report of a human accident caused by Conus regis Gastropoda, Conidae. Report of a fatal cone shell sting by Conus geographus Linnaeus. Balhara K, Stolbach A. Purification and characterization of contractin A from the pedicellarial venom of sea urchin Toxopneustes pileolus. Arch Biochem Biophys. Takei M, et al. A toxic substance from the sea urchin Toxopneustes pileolus induces histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Agents Actions. Cracchiolo A, Goldberg L. Local and systemic reactions to puncture injuries by the sea urchin spine and the date palm thorn. Arthritis Rheum. Sea urchin injuries. Injury to human tissues from sea urchin spines. Calif Med. Linaweaver PG. Toxic marine life. Mil Med. Joint Bone Spine. Sea urchin granuloma of the nail apparatus: report of 2 cases. Envenomation by aquatic invertebrates. Philadelphia: Mosby; Keith French 1 Email author B. Zane Horowitz 1 1. Personalised recommendations. Cite entry How to cite? ENW EndNote.

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