Common Worship

Common Worship



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Common Worship
Three Common Worship liturgy books. From left to right they are Daily Prayer (red), Pastoral Services (green) and the Main Volume (black).

^ Church of England, Embertide

^ Morgan, John (2003). "An account of the making of Common Worship: Services and Prayers for the Church of England ". Typography papers . 5 : 33–64. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.130.5486 .




This page was last edited on 12 November 2020, at 08:32

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Com­mon Worship is the name given to the se­ries of ser­vices au­tho­rised by the Gen­eral Synod of the Church of Eng­land and launched on the first Sun­day of Ad­vent in 2000. It rep­re­sents the most re­cent stage of de­vel­op­ment of the Litur­gi­cal Move­ment within the Church and is the suc­ces­sor to the Al­ter­na­tive Ser­vice Book (ASB) of 1980. Like the ASB, it is an al­ter­na­tive to the Book of Com­mon Prayer (BCP) of 1662, which re­mains of­fi­cially the nor­ma­tive liturgy of the Church of Eng­land.

It has been pub­lished as a se­ries of books, rather than a sin­gle vol­ume, of­fer­ing a wider choice of forms of wor­ship than any of its pre­de­ces­sors. It was drafted by the Church of Eng­land's Litur­gi­cal Com­mis­sion; the ma­te­r­ial was then ei­ther au­tho­rised by Gen­eral Synod (some­times with amend­ments), or sim­ply com­mended for use by the House of Bish­ops .

The main Com­mon Worship book is called Com­mon Wor­ship: Ser­vices and Prayers for the Church of England . It was pub­lished in 2000 along­side Com­mon Wor­ship: Pres­i­dent's Edition . These vol­umes con­tain the ma­te­r­ial for Sun­day ser­vices but, un­like the ASB, con­tain no read­ings.

The third book to be pub­lished (also in 2000), Com­mon Wor­ship: Pas­toral Services , pro­vides for the first time a range of heal­ing ser­vices as well as re­vised pro­vi­sion for wed­dings and fu­ner­als. The for­mer has a com­pletely rewrit­ten pref­ace that no longer de­scribes the three­fold pur­poses of mar­riage and is much more sec­u­lar in tone. It in­cludes, for the first time, a con­gre­ga­tional re­sponse to the de­c­la­ra­tions by the cou­ple and a long nup­tial bless­ing. The fu­neral pro­vi­sions in­cludes ma­te­r­ial for be­fore and after the ser­vice, all com­pletely rewrit­ten. The fu­neral now in­cludes an op­tional pen­i­ten­tial sec­tion, no longer has a re­quired psalm and in­cludes set in­ter­ces­sions. It also al­lows for a eu­logy by one of the mourn­ers, a new de­par­ture, at the be­gin­ning of the ser­vice.

In 2005 the fourth book, Com­mon Wor­ship: Daily Prayer , was pub­lished. The form and style of daily morn­ing and evening prayer no longer shows the in­flu­ence of the BCP but the work of the Eng­lish Fran­cis­can com­mu­nity and its book Cel­e­brat­ing Com­mon Prayer . The of­fices are not dis­sim­i­lar to those of the Roman Catholic Church. Pen­i­tence be­comes op­tional, as does the Creed; the Te Deum dis­ap­pears al­most com­pletely, and a Gospel can­ti­cle—the Bene­dic­tus in the morn­ing and the Mag­ni­fi­cat in the evening—fol­lows the read­ing(s); there is a wide range of in­ter­ces­sions; col­lects are pro­vided for lesser fes­ti­vals (un­like in the main book); and there is a psalter . Both the book and the new daily lec­tionary were tried out in parishes be­fore final pub­li­ca­tion.

In 2006, three more vol­umes, Com­mon Wor­ship: Chris­t­ian Initiation , Com­mon Wor­ship: Or­di­na­tion Services and Com­mon Wor­ship: Times and Seasons , were pub­lished. In the first, there is pro­vi­sion for Bap­tism, Con­fir­ma­tion and re­lated rites (in­clud­ing Rec­on­cil­i­a­tion). In the sec­ond, there are rites for the or­di­na­tion of dea­cons, priests and bish­ops. In the third, there is pro­vi­sion for all the sea­sons of the church's year, in­clud­ing sec­tions on the Agri­cul­tural Year and Em­ber­tide . [1]

The final book, Com­mon Wor­ship: Festivals , was pub­lished in 2008 and pro­vides prop­ers for all the Fes­ti­vals and Lesser Fes­ti­vals of the Church of Eng­land's cal­en­dar .

Sev­eral other books, al­though not part of the prin­ci­pal se­ries, are part of the Com­mon Worship se­ries. Some re­pro­duce parts of Com­mon Worship in a dif­fer­ent or more con­cise form, such as Holy Com­mu­nion Order One , Ad­di­tional Collects , Fu­neral , Mar­riage , Rites on the Way , Min­istry to the Sick , The Rec­on­cil­i­a­tion of a Pen­i­tent Form One , Holy Week and Easter (in­cludes read­ings), and Time to Pray (con­tain­ing Prayer Dur­ing the Day and Night Prayer). Those that con­tain ma­te­r­ial not found in the rest of Com­mon Worship se­ries in­clude books of read­ings (e.g. the Daily Eu­charis­tic Lectionary ), the an­nual lec­tionary (with ref­er­ences only), and Pro­claim­ing the Pas­sion: The Pas­sion Nar­ra­tives in Dra­ma­tized Form . Al­though not part of Com­mon Worship , New Pat­terns for Worship is part of the same litur­gi­cal phase in the Church of Eng­land.

Com­mon Worship rep­re­sents a rad­i­cal change in the dis­tri­b­u­tion of liturgy and pro­duc­tion of wor­ship ma­te­ri­als within the Church of Eng­land. It is pub­lished in elec­tronic as well as paper form, with the in­tent that con­gre­ga­tions can as­sem­ble their own or­ders of ser­vice using the forms they pre­fer for each sec­tion of the ser­vice, and if de­sired ex­tend them with prayers and readings. [2] It also of­fers a wider choice of forms for each sec­tion of the liturgy than any pre­vi­ous liturgy. [ citation needed ] Many churches have pro­duced sep­a­rate books for each of a num­ber of dif­fer­ent types of ser­vice (Parish Com­mu­nion, all age ser­vice, dif­fer­ent church sea­sons, etc.) to their own spec­i­fi­ca­tions. A soft­ware pack­age ( Vi­sual Liturgy , for Mi­crosoft Win­dows only) is de­signed to fa­cil­i­tate the pro­duc­tion of com­plete ma­te­r­ial for each Sun­day, in­clud­ing hymns .

Like the ASB , Com­mon Worship is mostly in mod­ern lan­guage (though it re­tains ver­sions of the Eu­charist and other ma­te­r­ial in the lan­guage and using the struc­ture of the Book of Com­mon Prayer ). The text of the mod­ern lan­guage Eu­charist is es­sen­tially iden­ti­cal to Rite A of the ASB and de­rives from the work of the In­ter­na­tional Com­mis­sion on Eng­lish in the Liturgy . The word­ing of the or­di­nary of the mass was there­fore very sim­i­lar to that of the first Eng­lish ver­sion of the post- Vat­i­can II Roman Missal (used until 2011). Un­like the ASB it con­sists not of one book but of sev­eral. The main book in­cludes the Sun­day ser­vices of Morn­ing Prayer and Evening Prayer , Bap­tism (though not Con­fir­ma­tion ), and var­i­ous forms of Holy Com­mu­nion , in­clud­ing eight Eu­charis­tic Prayers , not all of which ad­here to the Hip­poly­tan form, and all of which are de­signed to be in­ter­preted in a broadly Re­formed sense, avoid­ing, for ex­am­ple, ex­plic­itly epi­cletic lan­guage with re­gard to the el­e­ments them­selves. A sep­a­rate book styled Pas­toral Services con­tains the forms for Whole­ness and Heal­ing, Mar­riage , emer­gency Bap­tism, Thanks­giv­ing for the Gift of a Child, and Fu­ner­als . The Daily Prayer book was pub­lished in 2005 (al­though a "Pre­lim­i­nary edi­tion" cir­cu­lated be­fore that) and the sea­sonal book, Times and Seasons in 2006. This last is in­tended to make re­vised pro­vi­sion for the win­ter pe­riod in­clud­ing Ad­vent, and Epiphany as far as Can­dle­mas - thus re­plac­ing the book, The Promise of his Glory - and to re­place the book Lent, Holy Week and Easter .

The new lec­tionary au­tho­rised at the same time de­rives from the 1969 Roman Catholic Com­mon Lectionary , which was re­vised in 1983 with ec­u­meni­cal input as the Re­vised Com­mon Lec­tionary and adopted by many de­nom­i­na­tions world­wide. The Com­mon Wor­ship lec­tionary dif­fers from the Re­vised Com­mon Lec­tionary at cer­tain times of the year. This runs on a three-year cycle, A, B, and C, with, re­spec­tively, Matthew , Mark , and Luke being given the Gospel read­ings in one of the three years. The at­tempt to pro­vide themes has been de­lib­er­ately aban­doned in favor of writ­ers hav­ing their own voice in a se­quence of read­ings, ei­ther of the whole book or, where books are long, parts of it. One of the rea­sons for this was to en­cour­age con­sec­u­tive ex­pos­i­tory preach­ing. There is, how­ever, some pro­vi­sion for themes, in that the Old Tes­ta­ment read­ing can be cho­sen ei­ther to run con­tin­u­ously or to be cho­sen be­cause it re­lates to the Gospel . No such pro­vi­sion is made for the New Tes­ta­ment read­ing. Ma­te­r­ial from St John 's gospel is in­tro­duced at var­i­ous points, es­pe­cially at Fes­ti­vals and in the sum­mer of Year B.

The books pro­vide a num­ber of al­ter­na­tives, rather than a sin­gle form, ex­tend­ing the process begun with the Al­ter­na­tive Ser­vices Book , but with the clear in­ten­tion that it be treated as a re­source book rather than used for wor­ship. The ex­pec­ta­tion (con­tained in the elec­tronic ver­sion) is that parishes will print (or pro­ject onto screens) texts for each week. The Ser­vice of the Word, au­tho­rised ear­lier but now in­cor­po­rated into Com­mon Worship , some­what re­sem­bles the Di­rec­tory for Pub­lic Wor­ship pro­duced dur­ing the Com­mon­wealth , con­tain­ing as it does di­rec­tions as to struc­ture rather than a full liturgy. The "com­mon" of Com­mon Worship is in the frame­work and struc­ture for each ser­vice but then al­low­ing for a va­ri­ety of prayers and re­sources to be used within those com­mon struc­tures. In that re­spect it is a de­par­ture from Cran­mer 's prin­ci­ple of uni­for­mity: 'from hence­forth all the whole Realm shall have but one use'.

The de­sire for di­ver­sity and vari­a­tion has been crit­i­cised by some schol­ars, such as Mark Dalby ( The Re­newal of Com­mon Prayer ed Per­ham (CHP 1993)), as mak­ing light of the prin­ci­ple of wor­ship being 'com­mon prayer'. Com­mon Wor­ship bears more than a pass­ing re­sem­blance to the pre-Re­for­ma­tion church of which Cran­mer com­mented 'many times there was more busi­ness to find out what should be read than to read it when it was found out'. Oth­ers, how­ever, have chal­lenged this view. Com­mon Wor­ship Today (Mark Earey and Gilly Myers, eds.) makes the point that wor­ship has al­ways been more di­verse than is im­plied by the use of a sin­gle book, and views di­ver­sity as re­al­is­tic and nec­es­sary.

One other re­spect in which Com­mon Worship dif­fers from its pre­de­ces­sor is in re­la­tion to the saints . While in the main vol­ume only one eu­charis­tic pref­ace is pro­vided for the saints, other books in the se­ries (par­tic­u­larly Com­mon Wor­ship: Daily Prayer and Com­mon Wor­ship: Festivals ) pro­vide far more re­sources. The pro­vi­sion is dis­tinctly An­gli­can, how­ever, in that in­di­vid­u­als are in­cluded who have not un­der­gone for­mal can­on­iza­tion. The text tends to avoid state­ments about the eter­nal des­tiny of those who are cel­e­brated.

The ser­vices and re­sources that com­prise Com­mon Worship rep­re­sent the lat­est stage of a process of litur­gi­cal re­vi­sion that began in the 1920s. They were orig­i­nally drafted by the Litur­gi­cal Com­mis­sion. The Com­mis­sion is made up of a va­ri­ety of peo­ple with dif­fer­ent ex­per­tise, in­clud­ing lay peo­ple, parish clergy and bish­ops, litur­gists, and the­olo­gians. The ma­te­r­ial was passed on to the House of Bish­ops , which amended the ma­te­r­ial as it saw fit. It was then pre­sented to the Gen­eral Synod .

Forms of ser­vices that were al­ter­na­tive to equiv­a­lents in the Book of Com­mon Prayer were de­bated by Synod and re­vised by a syn­od­i­cal Re­vi­sion Com­mit­tee in the light of the com­ments made by Synod mem­bers and the wider pub­lic. The House of Bish­ops then re­con­sid­ered them, put them into their final form and sub­mit­ted them to the Gen­eral Synod for Final Ap­proval as Au­tho­rized Ser­vices. To be au­tho­rized, each ser­vice had to gain a two-thirds ma­jor­ity in each House of the Synod ( bish­ops , clergy , and laity ).

Ad­di­tional ma­te­r­ial, which had no equiv­a­lent in the Book of Com­mon Prayer , was de­bated by the Gen­eral Synod and then put in its final form and Com­mended by the House of Bish­ops.

In the case of au­tho­rized ser­vices in Com­mon Worship , the Arch­bish­ops' Coun­cil gave some 800 parishes per­mis­sion to use draft forms of ser­vice on an ex­per­i­men­tal basis be­fore they were pre­sented to the Gen­eral Synod. The ser­vices were ad­justed in the light of feed­back from this "field test­ing".


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