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Coca prices have collapsed in parts of Colombia amid record hectares of cultivation. Could oversupply do what years of eradication have failed to achieve, prompting coca farmers to switch to legal crops? This is wishful thinking, as world cocaine prices remain stable even as new markets in Asia are developed by traffickers, with European mafias assuming a growing role in the global trade. The reasons behind the decline in coca prices in parts of Colombia obey three different dynamics: conflict in areas of cultivation, which creates uncertainty and keeps buyers away; the saturation of drug smuggling routes out of Colombia amid high seizures; and the extraordinarily rapid growth in coca cultivation, with which supply chains have struggled to keep pace. But we believe that during this gap will be closed, and global organized crime, especially in Colombia and Peru, will enjoy bloated profits. They also provided a one-stop shop for traffickers, not only securing access to the raw material, but protecting drug laboratories, internal movement corridors, and departure points. Now traffickers have to deal with multiple warring factions in areas the FARC once dominated: the eastern plains, the southern jungles, and much of the Pacific coastline. And it will adapt fast. Potential cocaine production in Colombia alone has increased since by tons. UNODC figures had possible cocaine production at 1, tons in , and at 1, tons in This is a huge potential windfall for transnational organized crime and already Mexican and European traffickers are queuing up to get their share of the Colombian cocaine bonanza. With the growing volume of cocaine shipments, seizures are up. Yet the seizure rate is barely keeping up with the increase in production, while the government policy to reduce eradication of drug crops means that potential cocaine production is still rising, even if, as the UNODC suggested to InSight Crime, coca cultivation is leveling off. There is currently cocaine stacked up in the supply chain, waiting for export. This is a non-perishable product that has a shelf life, if vacuum-packed, of at least five years. The US market for cocaine has remained relatively stable for years. The European market is still growing. Of the 10 largest seizures of cocaine in European history, five were recorded during , according to an InSight Crime database. European criminals are increasingly being arrested upstream in Latin America as they negotiate to secure cocaine at its source and seek to maximize their earnings per kilogram by arranging their own transport. The InSight Crime database also revealed that 38 senior European drug traffickers have been arrested across Latin America and the Caribbean since , more than the previous 10 years combined, with Italians leading the tally, followed by the Dutch, and then traffickers from the Balkans. Here there are strong middle classes with significant incomes, virgin markets ripe for exploitation. The traffickers consulted expressed no worries of international prices falling. They were focused on diversifying markets beyond the traditional destinations of the United States and Western Europe. Control of the business will be achieved when one of the warring factions gains hegemonic control over certain coca-growing areas. Ideology now plays little part in the Colombian civil conflict, and different factions have already shown a willingness to work with foes in the interests of maximizing earnings from the drug trade. While conflict between different factions will continue in certain parts of Colombia during , in others it seems likely that new front lines and cooperation agreements will be negotiated, allowing the cocaine business to flourish once again. While coca cultivation has grown exponentially in Colombia, Peru and Bolivia have also seen increases. What is worrying in these two nations is how political chaos is pushing counternarcotics strategies further and further down the list of government priorities. In Peru, President Pedro Castillo was removed from office and imprisoned in December , while his deputy and successor, Dina Boluarte, has faced widespread civil unrest. Bolivia is preparing for general elections for the presidency and Congress in In Colombia, Petro has seen his approval ratings drop to the lowest point of his tenure. All of this means that there will be diminishing resistance to cocaine trafficking during in the main production nations, while transnational organized crime sorts out its supply chain issues. A worrying development has been the establishment of industrial plantations of coca outside of the three traditional growers of Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. Venezuela, Guatemala, and Honduras have now replicated the cocaine production system established in Colombia, with coca fields alongside laboratories and airstrips or close to other departure points. While still in its infancy in these nations, Colombia has shown that despite billions in US aid aimed at reducing production, once coca takes root it is very difficult to eradicate. Central America is now an ideal place to grow coca. The damage of the cocaine trade is not restricted to the producer nations. As interdiction in Colombia improves, traffickers need to find new ways of getting the drugs to market. And with there being no land bridge to Europe, maritime trafficking is the norm, meaning that ports with international container shipping are particularly sought after by transnational organized crime. Perhaps the most sobering story of the dangers for any transit nation has been that of Ecuador during With the port of Guayaquil one of the principal contamination points for cocaine shipments heading to Europe, the country has seen its murder rate quadruple over the last five years and seen native organized crime, allied with Colombians, Mexicans, and Europeans drug trafficking organizations, undergo unprecedented growth. So much so that criminals did not hesitate, in August , to assassinate a presidential candidate, Fernando Villavicencio, who was campaigning on a tough security platform. Cocaine has long been the foundation of transnational organized crime in Latin America and the Caribbean. While synthetic drug production, illegal gold mining, human smuggling, and human trafficking, as well as environmental crime, earned billions for criminal syndicates in , cocaine remains the principal driver of criminal evolution and earnings. So, when those cocaine earnings can increase by billions of dollars, the threats to Latin America and the Caribbean are potentially very grave. How many new cartel members can be recruited with increased cocaine earnings? How many officials can be corrupted, how many communities can be won over, how much more state penetration and criminal governance will we see in a region where democracy is already under siege? And how much more violence will be generated as different criminal groups, with state embedded allies, fight for control of the trade? Latin America faces a new challenge in an established criminal economy during While Europe has awoken to the threats the cocaine trade presents to the Old World, dedicating more resources and home and upstream, to fight the drug flow, the United States, long the dominant regional player in the fight against cocaine, has lost focus. Fentanyl and migration dominate the political agenda in Washington, even as the country readies for presidential elections, while US influence in Latin America wanes, especially in the two nations key to fighting the cocaine scourge: Colombia and Mexico. While transnational organized crime will focus during on the cocaine bonanza, politicians across the region are going to be distracted. McDermott has more than two decades of experience reporting from around Latin America. He is a former British Army officer, who saw active More by Jeremy McDermott. In , Dudley More by Steven Dudley. Subscribe to our newsletter to receive a weekly digest of the latest organized crime news and stay up-to-date on major events, trends, and criminal dynamics from across the region. Donate today to empower research and analysis about organized crime in Latin America and the Caribbean, from the ground up. Skip to content. Jeremy McDermott. Steven Dudley. Stay Informed With InSight Crime Subscribe to our newsletter to receive a weekly digest of the latest organized crime news and stay up-to-date on major events, trends, and criminal dynamics from across the region.
Gangs who buy cocaine wholesale can pick and choose which regions they purchase it from and drive prices down locally, says Ms Rueda. “We're.
Colombia buy cocaine
Cultivation of coca bush in Colombia increased by 10 per cent in to , hectares, while potential cocaine production reached 2, metric tons, according to a new survey released by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime UNODC today. This represents a potential 53 per cent increase in cocaine production over and marks the 10th consecutive year since that estimates of potential cocaine production have risen in the country. In contrast to the increases in and , which were heavily concentrated in the Putomayo department, the growth in was more broadly distributed, with cultivation rising in 16 of the 19 coca-producing departments. Although no new hotspots of coca cultivation were recorded as of December , coca enclaves remain a major challenge: 39 per cent of the potential coca leaf production comes from productive enclaves that occupy only 14 per cent of the territory where coca is planted. Most coca remains far from market centres in territories with high vulnerabilities and limited accessibility. However, the survey found that the number of hectares planted with coca within 12 km from a populated centre grew from around , ha in to approximately , ha in , a notable increase from 37, hectares in The closer proximity could cause legal economies to become increasingly dependent on resources generated by illegal activities. At the same time, the ability of criminal groups to access more goods and services can generate powerful incentives to sustain or expand illegal activities in these areas. Armed groups in Colombia remain heavily involved in the cocaine market, intensifying violent conflicts in areas affected by drug trafficking, illegal mining and human trafficking. Increases in cultivation are also coinciding with an increase in violence against social leaders, a deterioration of security conditions and additional pressure against indigenous and Afro-Colombian groups. Read the executive summary here Spanish. United Nations. Office on Drugs and Crime. Site Search. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
Colombia buy cocaine
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The purchase of the paste in more than half of the country's coca-growing regions has dropped precipitously or disappeared completely, spurring.
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