College Sorority
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College Sorority
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Social organizations at colleges and universities
This article is about the student social organizations. For other types, see Professional fraternities and sororities and Honor society . For other uses, see Fraternity (disambiguation) .
Further information: Fraternity § History
^ Whipple, Edward G.; Sullivan, Eileen G. (1998-03-01). "Greek Letter Organizations: Communities of Learners?". New Directions for Student Services . 1998 (81): 7–17. doi : 10.1002/ss.8101 . ISSN 1536-0695 .
^ "For example, Phi Kappa Tau and Alpha Xi Delta both have provisions in their respective Constitutions that they can accept graduate students as well as undergraduates" . Archived from the original on 2016-03-06 . Retrieved 2015-11-16 .
^ "Alpha Xi Delta" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-07-03 . Retrieved 2015-11-16 .
^ Anson, Jack L.; Marchenasi, Robert F., eds. (1991) [1879]. Baird's Manual of American Fraternities (20th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Baird's Manual Foundation, Inc. p. I-10, I-13, I-20, VI-128–132. ISBN 978-0963715906 . . Baird's Manual is also available online here: The Baird's Manual Online Archive homepage .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Whalen, Richard (1967). Handbook of Secret Organizations . Milwaukee: Bruce Publishing Company. pp. 43–45.
^ "History of Chi Phi" . www.chiphi.org . Retrieved 14 March 2019 .
^ Birdseye, Clarence Frank (1907), Individual Training in Our Colleges , New York: The MacMillan Company, p. 211 , retrieved 2008-06-20
^ Chapter History Archived 2016-08-26 at the Wayback Machine , accessed 16 October 2015. The chapter has since moved to larger quarters.
^ "ATO Facts & Firsts" . Retrieved 21 August 2012 .
^ Gamma Chapter history , accessed 16 October 2015.
^ Wesleyan Female College (originally Georgia Female College and now simply Wesleyan College), was the origin of the first two sororities, both the Adelphean Society and the Philomathean Society. The Adelphean, founded in 1851 eventually became Alpha Delta Pi , while The Philomathean, begun in 1852, eventually became Phi Mu . Together, these sororities are known as the "Macon Magnolias". Several other unrelated "Philomathean Societies" emerged during the 19th Century, most notably a literary society at UPenn and another, unrelated, at NYU.
^ Becque, Fran (12 August 2013). "Women's Fraternities, Sororities, and Dr. Frank Smalley" . Fraternity History & More . Retrieved 17 May 2020 .
^ "Soror - Wiktionary" . 25 December 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b Anson, Jack (1991). Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (20th ed.). Baird's Manual Foundation. p. III-32. ISBN 978-0963715906 . . Baird's Manual is also available online here: The Baird's Manual Online Archive homepage .
^ "Adventure in Friendship: A History of The National Panhellenic Conference" (PDF) . National Panhellenic Conference . National Panhellenic Conference. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 28, 2013 . Retrieved October 12, 2015 .
^ "National Panhellenic Conference" . National Panhellenic Conference. Archived from the original on 2009-01-26 . Retrieved 2010-01-01 .
^ "Fraternities in Canada" . The Encyclopedia of Canada, Vol. II . University Associates of Canada. 1948 . Retrieved 2010-08-19 .
^ "XIAO TIME, 18 June 2013: Ika-105 na Anibersaryo ng Unibersidad ng Pilipinas" . 2013-06-19 . Retrieved 2018-08-09 .
^ Jump up to: a b "History of Philippine Fraternities" . 2017-11-04. Archived from the original on 2018-08-10 . Retrieved 2018-08-09 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Brown, Tamara L.; Parks, Gregory S.; Phillips, Clarenda M. (1 January 2012). African American Fraternities and Sororities: The Legacy and the Vision . University Press of Kentucky. p. 53. ISBN 9780813136622 .
^ Barnett, George A. (8 September 2011). Encyclopedia of Social Networks . SAGE. p. 298. ISBN 9781412979115 .
^ "History of MGC" . Multicultural Greek Council . Multicultural Greek Council . Retrieved 12 October 2015 .
^ "EMERGENCE OF MULTICULTURAL FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS" . National Multicultural Greek Council . National Multicultural Greek Council . Retrieved 12 October 2015 .
^ Jump up to: a b "Why One School Decided To Make All Of Its Fraternities And Sororities Co-Ed" . Business Insider . 9 October 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fraternities Lobby Against Campus Rape Investigations" . Bloomberg . 24 March 2015.
^ "Pi Alpha Tau Papers, 1963–1991, UIC Archives" (PDF) . uic.edu . Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2016 . Retrieved 6 April 2012 .
^ (PDF) . 2015-09-24 https://web.archive.org/web/20150924101725/http://www.sigep.org/resourcedocs/about-resources/2014-December-Minutes-of-the-Meeting-Final.pdf . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24 . Retrieved 2021-03-22 . {{ cite web }} : Missing or empty |title= ( help )
^ "Harvard's policy against single-sex clubs was meant to protect women" . The Economist . 2019-01-17. ISSN 0013-0613 . Retrieved 2019-01-28 .
^ Harvard sued by fraternities and sororities , in an NBC news report dated 3 Dec 2018, accessed 2 Aug 2019.
^ "GOVERNANCE OF UNDERGRADUATE SOCIAL FRATERNITIES AND SORORITIES" . upenn.edu . University of Pennsylvania . Archived from the original on 27 July 2017 . Retrieved 4 September 2015 .
^ "ERM, ORSA and Corporate Governance: The Small Company Challenges" . firstconsulting.com . First Consulting.
^ "Biggest Fraternities" . studentsorted.com . StudentSorted. 25 June 2022.
^ Jump up to: a b "Rush and Pledging Problems" . The Fraternity Advisor . Retrieved 2 September 2015 .
^ "Glossary of Greek Life Terms" . gmu.edu . George Mason University Interfraternity Council. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015 . Retrieved 28 December 2014 .
^ "Fraternity Legacies" . thefraternityadvisor.com . The Fraternity Advisor . Retrieved 28 December 2014 .
^ "Deadliest U.S. Fraternity Abolishes Pledging for New Members" . Bloomberg . No. 7 March 2014.
^ Dundes, Allan (1993). Folklore Matters . University of Tennessee Press . p. 31. ISBN 978-0870497766 .
^ "Books: Hawthorne's Line" . Time . April 25, 1938. Archived from the original on February 4, 2013 . Retrieved 2010-08-17 .
^ Matthews, Jack (August 15, 2010). "Nathaniel Hawthorne's Untold Tale" . Excerpts from Julian Hawthorne 's Memoirs . The Chronicle Review . Retrieved 2010-08-17 .
^ Matthews, Jack (August 15, 2010). "Nathaniel Hawthorne's Untold Tale" . The Chronicle of Higher Education . Retrieved 2010-08-17 . This was, of course, all very collegiate for that long-ago time, and—with the exception of the "red-hot iron" and "boiling oil" references, if taken too literally—quite typical.
^ "Bizarre fire burns frat house; blaze startedin secret room" . Journal Times . 27 September 2003 . Retrieved 2 September 2015 .
^ Rolland-Diamond, Caroline (2016). "Another Side of the Sixties: Festive Practices on College Campuses and the Making of a Conservative Youth Movement" . Revue Française d'Études Américaines . 1 (146): 39–53. doi : 10.3917/rfea.146.0039 . Retrieved October 24, 2016 – via Cairn.info .
^ "Fraternities & Sororities" . New York Institute of Technology.
^ "Fact Sheet" . The University of New Mexico.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Fraternities & Sororities" . Princeton University Reports . Retrieved 25 July 2016 .
^ Borislow, Jared (20 February 2017). "Here's A List Of Every U.S. President Who Was In A Fraternity" . Total Frat Move . Retrieved 27 March 2018 .
^ "Fraternity Statistics" . nicindy.org . North American Interfraternity Conference . Archived from the original on 7 August 2016 . Retrieved 28 December 2014 .
^ "Prominent Pi Gamma Mu Members" . Pi Gamma Mu . Retrieved 27 March 2018 .
^ "Famous Betas of Achievement" . Beta Theta Pi . Retrieved 27 March 2018 .
^ Kerr, Peter (August 1, 2009). "Paul Martin – life after politics" . The Montrealer . Retrieved October 21, 2014 .
^ Kingkade, Tyler (25 July 2013). "FratPAC Lobbies Congress For Tax Breaks, To Stop Anti-Hazing Law" . Huffington Post . Retrieved 9 December 2014 .
^ "Kappa Kappa Gamma | Famous Fraternity Brothers & Sorority Sisters | XFINITY" . my.xfinity.com . Retrieved 2015-10-12 .
^ "Sophia Bush x Joe Fresh Exclusively for HRC" . Human Rights Campaign . Retrieved 2015-10-12 .
^ "Our Story" . Joyful Heart Foundation . Retrieved 2015-10-12 .
^ Jacobs, Peter (8 January 2014). "Don't Ban Fraternities" . Business Insider . Retrieved 28 December 2014 .
^ Jump up to: a b "Student honor society promotes Greek unity" . go.gale.com . 4 March 2014 . Retrieved 20 October 2019 .
^ "Fraternity and Sorority Membership Linked to Higher Well-Being for College Grads" . Gallup.com . 27 May 2014 . Retrieved 2015-10-12 .
^ Nelson, Libby (28 May 2014). "Sorry, nerds: Fraternity brothers have more fulfilling lives later on" . Vox . Retrieved 28 December 2014 .
^ Bruni, Frank (2 December 2014). "A Pox on Campus Life" . New York Times . Retrieved 23 July 2016 .
^ "Princeton's Fraternities Growing" . The New York Times . November 28, 1993. pp. Section 1 Page 56 . Retrieved May 31, 2009 .
^ Fletcher, Robert Samuel (1943). A History of Oberlin College from Its Foundation Through the Civil War . Oberlin College. "Revised codes were issued every few years, but not many important changes were made in them. Provisions with regard to the hours of 'athletic exercises and sport' were added in 1847. In the same revision there appeared for the first time the 'peculiar' Oberlin rule against secret societies. 'No student,' it runs, 'is permitted to join any secret society, or military company.'"
^ Student Regulations, Policies, and Procedures, Oberlin College 2011–2012 (PDF) . Oberlin College. 2011. p. 34. D. Secret Societies: "No secret society is allowed at Oberlin, and no other societies or self-perpetuating organizations are allowed among students, except by permission of the faculty. This is to be understood to include social and rooming-house clubs."
^ "Equality | Guilford College" . Archived from the original on 2012-05-15 . Retrieved 2012-05-19 .
^ "Community Life" . earlham.edu . Archived from the original on 2018-10-21 . Retrieved 2012-05-19 .
^ "2007–2008 Rights & Responsibilities Handbook, Appendix B: University Policy on Fraternities and Sororities" . Brandeis University . Retrieved 2008-03-17 .
^ "Binge Drinking in Greek Organizations" . addictioncenter.com . Addiction Center . Retrieved 2 September 2015 .
^ "Hazing deaths on American college campuses remain far too common" . The Economist . Retrieved 2018-08-09 .
^ "Why Colleges Should Get Rid of Fraternities for Good" . Time . Retrieved 2018-08-09 .
^ "Fraternal Law » Anti-Hazing Hotline" . fraternallaw.com . Archived from the original on 2015-10-27 . Retrieved 2015-10-04 .
^ "National Hazing Prevention Week | Hazing Prevention" . hazingprevention.org . Retrieved 2015-10-04 .
^ "9 Louisiana State frat members arrested and chapter closed over alleged hazing incidents" . NBC News . February 14, 2019 . Retrieved 17 September 2019 .
^ Abelson, Max; Faux, Zeke (22 December 2013). "Secret Handshakes Greet Frat Brothers on Wall Street" . Bloomberg . Retrieved 28 December 2014 .
^ Jump up to: a b Bennett, Jessica (3 December 2014). "The Problem With Frats Isn't Just Rape. It's Power" . Time . Retrieved 30 December 2014 .
^ Foubert, John (9 October 2013). " 'Rapebait' e-mail reveals dark side of frat culture" . CNN.com . Retrieved 23 July 2016 .
^ Foubert, John; Newberry, Johnathan; Tatum, Jerry (2007). "Behavior differences seven months later: Effects of a rape prevention program on first-year men who join fraternities" . NASPA Journal . 44 (4): 728–749. doi : 10.2202/1949-6605.1866 . S2CID 219289954 . Retrieved 23 July 2016 .
^ Jump up to: a b Loh, Catherine; Gidycz, Christine; Lobo, Tracy; Luthra, Rohini (2005). "A Prospective Analysis of Sexual Assault Perpetration: Risk Factors Related to Perpetrator Characteristics" (PDF) . Journal of Interpersonal Violence . 20 (10): 1325–1348. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.208.7187 . doi : 10.1177/0886260505278528 . PMID 16162492 . S2CID 30121860 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 November 2017 . Retrieved 23 July 2016 .
^ Bohmer, Carol; Parrot, Andrea (1993). Sexual assault on campus: The problem and the solution . New York: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0029037157 .
^ Bleecker, Timothy E.; Murnen, Sarah K. (Oct 2005). "Fraternity Membership, the Display of Degrading Sexual Images of Women, and Rape Myth Acceptance". Sex Roles . 53 (7–8): 487–493. doi : 10.1007/s11199-005-7136-6 . S2CID 144874772 .
^ Lackie, Leandra; de Man, Anton (1997). "Correlates of Sexual Aggression Among Male University Students". Sex Roles . 37 (5/6): 451–457. doi : 10.1023/A:1025613725757 . S2CID 142047025 .
^ "Legal view with Ashleigh Banfield". CNN . March 10, 2015.
^ Auster, Carol J; Leone, Janel M (2001). "Late adolescents' perspectives on marital rape: The impact of gender and fraternity/sorority membership". Adolescence . 36 (141): 141–152. PMID 11407630 .
^ Minow, Jacqueline; Einolf, Christopher (2009). "Sorority Participation and Sexual Assault Risk" . Violence Against Women . 15 (7): 835–851. doi : 10.1177/1077801209334472 . PMID 19458092 . S2CID 21877160 . Retrieved 13 August 2016 .
^ Mohler-Kuo, Meichun; Dowdall, George; Koss, Mary; Wechsler, Henry (2004). "Correlates of rape while intoxicated in a national sample of college women" (PDF) . Journal of Studies on Alcohol . 65 (1): 37–45. doi : 10.15288/jsa.2004.65.37 . PMID 15000502 . Retrieved 13 August 2016 .
^ Jump up to: a b Wiersma-Mosley, Jacquelyn D.; Jozkowski, Kristen N.; Martinez, Taylor (2017-06-22). "An empirical investigation of campus demographics and reported rapes". Journal of American College Health . 65 (7): 482–491. doi : 10.1080/07448481.2017.1343829 . ISSN 0744-8481 . PMID 28641039 . S2CID 26691712 .
^ Seabrook, Rita C.; Ward, L. Monique; Giaccardi, Soraya (January 2018). "Why is fraternity membership associated with sexual assault? Exploring the roles of conformity to masculine norms, pressure to uphold masculinity, and objectification of women". Psychology of Men & Masculinity . 19 (1): 3–13. doi : 10.1037/men0000076 . ISSN 1939-151X . S2CID 151332972 .
^ Syrett, Nicholas (6 May 2011). "Colleges Condone Fraternities' Sexist Behavior" . The New York Times . Retrieved 30 December 2014 .
^ Jozkowski, Kristen N.; Wiersma-Mosley, Jacquelyn D. (February 2017). "The Greek System: How Gender Inequality and Class Privilege Perpetuate Rape Culture". Family Relations . 66 (1): 89–103. doi : 10.1111/fare.12229 . ISSN 0197-6664 .
^ Burkholder, Sophie (November 13, 2019). "Access Denied: A Closer Look at Test Banks" . 34th Street Magazine .
^ Butler, Matt (April 18, 2014). "Ttest bank use prompts ethical concerns" . The Review .
^ Handel, Sarah (September 16, 2008). "Breaking The Test Bank Wide Open" . NPR .
^ "List of ways students cheat on exams using scantrons" . Gradehub.
^ McKenzie, Lindsay (May 14, 2018). "Professors warned about popular learning tool used by students to cheat" . Inside Higher Ed .
^ McManigal, Christine (April 24, 2017). "Test files: The no-no word" . The Daily of the University of Washington .
^ Postal, Leslie (November 21, 2010). " 'Test banks' are at the center of UCF's cheating scandal" . Orlando Sentinel .
^ " 'Test banks' are at the center of UCF's cheating scandal" .
^ Jump up to: a b W. Hughey, Matthew (2010). "A Paradox of Participation: Nonwhites in White Sororities and Fraternities" (PDF) . Social Problems . 57 (4): 653–679. doi : 10.1525/sp.2010.57.4.653 . JSTOR 10.1525/sp.2010.57.4.653 . S2CID 145206339 .
^ Boros, Zach (March 9, 2017). "Your fraternity brother is gay" . The Crimson White . University of Alabama .
^ Johnson, Elin (December 17, 2019). "IU Bloomington Suspends Frat for Anti-Semitism" . Inside Higher Ed .
^ Noel, Gabrielle (April 27, 2018). "Greek Life Needs To Take Racism As Seriously As It Takes Hazing" . HuffPost .
^ Ruiz, Michelle (October 17, 2016). "Can Trans Girls Be Sorority Girls?" . Cosmopolitan .
^ Sherbet, Maddy (November 13, 2019). "My Sorority Was Supposed to be Interfaith. It Wasn't" . Alma .
^ Spinelli, Dan (September 20, 2015). "Transgender students underrepresented in Greek Life" . The Daily Pennsylvanian .
^ Stewart, Mariah (September 15, 2020). "The 'Abolish Greek Life' Movement Calls for an End to Toxic Fraternity, Sorority Culture" . INSIGHT Into Diversity .
^ Tingley, Anna (August 25, 2020). "Greek Life's History of Racism Is Catching Up to It" . Teen Vogue .
^ Van Syckle, Katie (September 25, 2016). "Pledging change: the transgender college students integrating Greek life" . The Guardian .
^ Windmeyer, Shane L.; Freeman, Pamela W. (1998). "How Homophobia Hurts the College Fraternity" (PDF) . Saint Louis University .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Greek Terminology" . fit.edu . Florida Institute of Technology . Retrieved 4 September 2015 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Fraternity/Sorority Terms" . elon.edu . Elon University . Retrieved 4 September 2015 .
^ "Constitution and Bylaws" . North-American Interfraternity Conference . April 23, 2012. Archived from the original on July 9, 2018 . Retrieved January 4, 2013 .
^ Jump up to: a b National Panhellenic Conference (2012). "Protecting the Right of NPC Members to Remain Women-Only Organizations" (PDF) . Unanimous Agreements (17th ed.). pp. 37–8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04 . Retrieved 2018-06-12 .
^ Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia (2011). "Policy on Sweethearts/Little Sisters/Auxiliary Groups" (PDF) . Risk Management Policies . p. 7.
^ Jump up to: a b Sigma Alpha Iota International Music Fraternity (2010). "Current Policies and Position Statements" . In Nieburg, Janet T. (ed.). Chapter Procedures Manual (3rd ed.). p. A-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-02-24 . Retrieved 2018-06-12 .
^ "The frat boy look" . Education in USA . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: url-status ( link )
Academic fraternities originating from North America
Fraternities and sororities , also referred to as Greek-letter organizations ( GLOs ) [1] or, collectively, as " Greek life " in North America and the Philippines, are social organizations at colleges and universities . A form of the social fraternity , they are prominent in Canada, the United States, Europe and the Philippines. Similar organizations exist in other countries, including the Studentenverbindungen of former and current German-speaking countries, braterstwa in Poland, and the goliardie in Italy.
Similar, but much less common, organizations also exist for secondary school students, as do fraternal orders for other adults. In modern North American usage, "Greek letter or
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