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On July 1, , Portugal became the first country in the world to decriminalize all drugs, including meth and heroin. The law made drug possession for personal use legally prohibited, while drug trafficking remains a criminal offense. Portugal now has some of the lowest drug usage rates in the European Union EU , where most countries hold criminalization models. Despite having one of the lowest uses of drug usage in the EU, the rate did not incredibly decline prior to However, drug-related pathologies such as STDs and fatal overdoses decreased dramatically. Experts argue this is the case due to the Portuguese government offering treatment to citizens due to decriminalization, rather than criminalizing addicts. The history of rampant drug use goes back decades prior to decriminalization. The drug epidemic was at its worst in the 90s, as well as the rise of HIV cases. Drug abuse was burdening the criminal justice system with the time of police and courts, as well as the high cost of imprisonment, which was taking a large portion of taxpayer money. To solve the issue, the drug epidemic was deemed a public health crisis and the Portuguese government concluded that a punitive approach to drug addiction was inhumane and ineffective. The law came about as an approach to focus police resources on those who profit from the drug trade, rather than the victims while proving a public health approach to drug users. The law reflects the principles of humanism and the right of people suffering from drug addiction to receive rightful treatment, rather than punishment. CDTs were established, regional panels made up of three people such as social workers and medical professionals who are equipped to deal with those who have been reported in possession of drugs. They evaluate whether the person in question is an occasional or dependent drug user and take appropriate action. If it is the case that the individual is dependent, they will encourage them to seek treatment or an education program. The decriminalization of drugs in Portugal rapidly decreased the number of deaths from overdoses. Only five years later, the number of street drug overdoses dropped from to annually. The number of new HIV cases decreased from 1, to , in just 6 years. Drug treatment also improved massively. The investment was made in increasing drug education in schools and creating awareness about the dangers of drug addiction. Are drugs legal in Portugal? While all drugs are decriminalized in Portugal, this does NOT mean they are legal. Legalizing drugs would mean that there are zero legal prohibitions behind narcotics. Adults would be able to run down to your local store and buy them, just like you would a pack of cigarettes in Portugal. On the other hand, decriminalization in Portugal removes criminal sanctions against the consumption of drugs. A person under the possession of a drug under a specific amount will not be prosecuted. This does not mean that individuals are never arrested for drug-related behavior. While the consumption of drugs is decriminalized, this is not true for the selling of drugs. This is where the line between the two sometimes becomes blurred. While all drugs have been decriminalized for consumption, selling these is still illegal and can lead to imprisonment. In Portugal, possession is decriminalized in particular amounts for personal use, depending on the substance in question. For hashish, for example, a drug made by compressing parts of the cannabis plant, individuals are allowed to possess 5 grams of the substance. For cannabis flower, you can have up to 20 grams on you. Therefore, if you are caught with more than the legal amount, such as 5 grams of hashish, you could potentially be arrested and persecuted for drug trafficking. The law says that it is a crime when anyone produces, buys, or transports an illicit drug that is not for personal use and is above the legal amount. A prison sentence for drug trafficking is between 1 to 5 years in Portugal. However, the Portuguese justice system can be lenient if they find that a person is being accused of drug trafficking to fund their own personal addiction. This can lead to a reduced sentence. Drugs are not legal in Portugal, this is a myth. However, all drugs are decriminalized, including largely stigmatized drugs such as meth. Portugal has taken a public health approach to drug use by not criminalizing those in possession of drugs. Still, possessing a specific amount of a drug could be considered drug trafficking and is considered a crime. The allowed amounts will differ by drug, but for example, individuals can legally carry up to 5 grams of hash in Portugal. If you carry over the legal amount of a specific drug, you could face criminal persecution. The legal amount will vary by drug. For cocaine, it is legal to carry up to 2 grams and for hash, it is legal to carry up to 5 grams in Portugal. You can also carry up to 20 grams of cannabis flower. Weed is not legal in Portugal, it is decriminalized. You can have up to 20 grams of cannabis flower without it being a crime. This does not mean, however, that if the police find you in possession, they will let you keep it. They will likely confiscate it from you. This is in great contrast to places like the UK, where you can go to prison for up to 5 years for the possession of cannabis. Moreover, as of , medical cannabis is legal in Portugal. Those with cannabis licenses can purchase medical marijuana from licensed pharmacies, but this is still highly uncommon. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. All information should be considered informational and for entertainment purposes. Want to advertise on Portugal. Would you like to write for us? Something else? Please feel free to Contact Us! Subscribe to our newsletter below to get the latest news, reviews, info and more! Super Bock. History and Culture 6 Inspiring Portuguese Poets. Home Opinion. Written By Lara Silva. April 11, Photo by Mireille Raad Unsplash. History of Drug Policy in Portugal: From a Public Health Crisis to Decriminalization On July 1, , Portugal became the first country in the world to decriminalize all drugs, including meth and heroin. Why did Portugal decriminalize all drugs? Was the Decriminalization of Drugs a Success in Portugal? Data sources: TheLancet, drugpolicy. Drug Laws in Portugal While all drugs have been decriminalized for consumption, selling these is still illegal and can lead to imprisonment. 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Consumption of Non-Prescribed Drugs in Portugal During the Pandemic in 2021

Coimbra buying Ecstasy

The results of this law have been positive on all levels from a law enforcement point of view to a better understanding of drug use and addiction regarding the welfare of individuals and Portuguese society as a whole. It has pushed Portugal to the forefront of progressive drug policy within the larger framework of the EU and is being viewed as an exemplary model for other countries to follow. Within the vast documentation and medical research of marijuana, it has never remotely been found to contribute to the results that other forms of more harmful drugs have had on society and individuals. On the contrary, marijuana is now being recommended for its medical benefits by clinical experts in addition to being used recreationally by doctors, lawyers, entrepreneurs, academics, as well as other professionals as a healthier alternative substance for relaxation and enjoyment. This trend can currently be seen in the United States where marijuana, state by state, is slowly becoming legal for both medical and recreational use, and is being accepted as a substance that has little negative impact for individuals and society. However, the more remarkable thing that the independently-legislating states in the U. This is where Portugal needs to consider full legalization of marijuana to, if anything, bolster its economy to heights it has never seen before. CBD Cannabidiol has been shown to help with anxiety, depression, seizures, and nausea, but needs THC Tetrahydrocannabinol to bind with the receptors in the brain to be efficacious. However, depending on the percentage distribution, CBD can counter some of the unwanted psychoactive effects of the THC. Currently, there are roughly 20 stores throughout Portugal where strictly regulated marijuana is sold. This arbitrarily leaves possession of any marijuana without a prescription still within the jurisdictional consideration of recreational use, which, of course, is a violation under the decriminalization law. Given the vague shortcomings of what needs to be a more defined implementation of marijuana legislation under the decriminalization law, the black market for cannabis has not, as many argue, been rendered obsolete. This is clearly evidenced by anyone, particularly tourists, who are unceremoniously approached on the streets of Lisbon or Porto by street dealers selling cannabis, or its purer extracted form of hashish. The first state to legalize medical cannabis was California in with numerous other states following suit with similar medical marijuana legislation. However, more importantly, rather than giving the burden to pharmacies for distribution, marijuana dispensaries were allowed to open with the proper licensing. This allowed patients easy access to medical cannabis and reduced a lot of bureaucratic pitfalls by creating another viable, legal source by business entrepreneurs separate from the pharmaceutical industry. Things, of course, took off from there. In , Colorado and Washington State became the first states to fully legalize marijuana for both medical and recreational use. In the recent election cycle, Arizona, Montana, New Jersey, and South Dakota became the latest states to fully legalize marijuana across the board. Currently, there are now 14 states that have fully legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use, and 35 states that have legalized it for medical purposes. These states have found that legally licensed marijuana dispensaries to be the best way to distribute the product, very much in the same way that liquor stores are allowed to operate with laws and regulations in place. The question is, what caused the turn around in the U. Perceptions about marijuana in the U. In , the Controlled Substances Act created a scheduling system for drugs based on medical use and potential for abuse. Schedule 1 drugs were considered to have no medical value and a high potential for abuse. Unfortunately, and most likely calculatingly, President Nixon at the time appointed his Attorney General rather than his Surgeon General to decide how any and all drugs were to be scheduled, and marijuana was classified as a Schedule 1 drug. Over time, perceptions began to change. The overwhelming research that had been carried out on marijuana and on those who use it resulted in countless clinical studies essentially determining that marijuana as a Schedule 1 drug was not an accurate assessment and needed to be regarded separately from other, far more dangerous narcotics, such as heroin or cocaine. More liberal states began to pay attention to the findings in the face of high incarceration rates and the burdens imposed on law enforcement and the courts that harsh laws regarding marijuana were inflicting on their populations. The sentiments of voters in individual states began to supersede the federal government narrative on marijuana laws and voters began to challenge federal jurisdiction in their territories at the ballot box. In response to this, the federal Department of Justice passed the Coleman Memorandum in , which sought to prevent the diversion of marijuana to the black market and to protect minors from access to it. This followed a pattern not unlike the lifting of the alcohol prohibition law in Ultimately, the Justice Department said if states could meet the criteria under the Cole Memorandum, it would not impose federal law in those states. Traditionally a Liberal cause, eight Republican Senators now represent legal cannabis states, and the Democrat-controlled House of Representatives just passed the Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act MORE that poses to legalize marijuana at the federal level and to tax revenue of marijuana for social programs. The Golden Visa Program is dependent of course on foreign entities, people or companies, coming into the country with money that was principally generated from elsewhere, which is a limiting market enterprise in that it relies on foreign interest and is not sustainable in a way that Portugal is able to effectively facilitate long term. In contrast, states in the U. The result of this is that the sale of marijuana in these states has bolstered tax revenues wildly beyond expectations. Overall in the U. You can keep your Golden Visa Program, thank you. Companies such as Tilray and Aurora, both Canadian, and Kannabeira, which is an independently managed Spanish-Portuguese farming operation, have marijuana cultivation plantations in Portugal. Tilray, which was founded in , exports its product from Portugal to other countries in the EU while its other cultivation facility in Canada exports to other international markets. These private enterprises operate completely legally of course and have gone through all the litigious and bureaucratic hoops any company needs to in order to run a business in Portugal. Information about these companies is openly available on their websites, but they try to keep things under the radar with regard to too much public exposure in Portugal, and they generally focus their product on the medical side of marijuana within pharmaceutical marketing parameters. Rather ironically, these companies are crippled to any opportunity to the Portuguese market as they are not allowed to sell their product within the country, so any further trickle-down opportunities for business enterprising also gets exported. Regardless, with all the evidence on the table that marijuana legalization is nothing but a win-win situation from both a public health standpoint and an economic one, it would behoove Portugal to correctly acknowledge that marijuana needs to be considered in a category than that of other drugs. Share this article: Share. In Opinion Pieces - 19 Mar , In Opinion Pieces - 12 Mar , In Opinion Pieces - 19 Feb , We are proud to provide our readers from around the world with independent, honest and unbiased news for free — both online and in print. Our dedicated team supports the local community, foreign residents and visitors of all nationalities through our newspaper, website, social media and our newsletter. We appreciate that not everyone can afford to pay for our services but if you are able to, we ask you to support The Portugal News by making a contribution — no matter how small. You can change how much you give or cancel your contributions at any time. And drug addicts driving a needle into a vein right on the same street. By SS from Porto on 10 Mar , Whilst legalisation might do wonders for the Portuguese economy,it risks the devastating effect Cannabis cafes have had on Amsterdam. Drug tourists have all but destroyed the city centre. The other point I want to emphasize is Marijuana is highly addictive,contrary to what the author has written. It also causes anxiety in many people that use it as well as social isolation for many others that use it too. Because of the way smoke is inhaled and held in for longer, as well as frequently being mixed with tobacco,one joint is the equivalent to smoking a pack of cigarettes. Smoking causes cancer,heart disease and numerous other illnesses. Born out by the fact that almost one in two smokers will die as a result of smoking. I am all for liberalisation but let's not conveniently gloss over the realities. By James from Algarve on 10 Mar , Legalise marijuana and expect more accidents and deaths on our roads! Marijuana has been linked to the impairment of the ability to drive a vehicle. Concentration is affected and there is difficulty in perceiving time and distance, which can lead to the following: bad judgment, impaired reaction time, poor speed control, an inability to accurately read signs, drowsiness, and distraction. When marijuana is combined with alcohol it creates greater impairment in areas such as reaction time and coordination. By Greg from Other on 11 Mar , I am from California and live in Figueira da Foz now. California, along with 14 other US states have legalized recreational marijuana. I was a consultant to the industry, and one of my tenants was a senior Vice President at a large cannabis distribution company. Socially, it has not resulted in Amsterdam-style tourists. There are very few places where you can smoke on the premises. There are laws against driving while stoned, and the police are trained to spot it. There is even a roadside test in development than can detect recent consumption of cannabis. Revenue wise, the tax haul has been very helpful in these times of very tight budgets. Just think what it could do to regenerate the interior of Portugal! New young farmers growing the finest cannabis, and sold in ways that do not promote recklessness. Cannabis tourism is taking off in the US with people going to the farms to experience their favorite cannabis at the source. When paired with wine these tours are becoming very popular. Learning from other countries, we in Portugal could create a burgeoning new entrepreneurial field that had none of the downsides mentioned in these comments, as well as repopulate the interior. It just takes some innovative thinking. Everybody benefits! The use of cannabis has been traced back over 6, years, and some types of cannabis promote insight and give energy. By Richard from Other on 13 Mar , As we like to say, a drunk will race through a stop sign at kph. A stoner will sit at the stop sign until it turns green. Sorry Greg, but I personally would much rather be on a road with pot smokers than drinkers. Thank you for this intelligently written and clear article. I moved to Portugal from Canada, where recreational marijuana is legal, and I was looking to Portugal as a bastion of progressive drug law -- a country who had figured it out before anyone else. Arriving here and realizing the reality of the law was incredibly disappointing. Legal to possess, but criminal to grow the plant, even criminal to possess cannabis seeds?! Medical marijuana is legal, but only for very specific and rare health conditions, with no supply being made available? It's a farce. When I lived in California, people had medical marijuana cards for backaches, headaches, stress, insomnia The concerns expressed in other comments about impaired driving and addictive qualities do not bear out in reality. First of all, anyone who wants to access marijuana in Portugal can easily do so via the black market -- legalization is simply changing the flow of product from black market to white market where tax revenues can be generated and the quality of product and safety of purchase process can be assured. The comment about vehicle accidents is not necessarily true. The situation is complicated and data is still being gathered. Search online for the article entitled 'Traffic deaths rose, then fell, after three states legalized marijuana' for a fuller picture. Portugal needs to keep up with the times. The government needs to look at what makes sense and what doesn't make sense given the new every-expanding global adoption of cannabis as legitimate medicine and as a much-safer-than-alcohol form of personal recreation. By Canadian in Portugal from Madeira on 15 Mar , There's nothing good about drugs. By Jane Palmer from Lisbon on 15 Mar , Greg: what about alcohol. Isn't it worse? Its legal and it has worse effects right? Smokers don't drive. Drinkers do. By mui from Lisbon on 15 Mar , The nay sayers who bleet on about driving and wreaking city centers are just blowing smoke up a dead horses butt. The only issue Canada has is they tax it too much so the black market still thrives. If alcohol and cigarettes are legal, cannabis should definitely be legal. By Nick from Lisbon on 16 Mar , There are laws against drink driving in Portugal but the record is disastrous. The last thing we need is more people driving off their heads on any substance. Smoking causes cancer and numerous other illnesses. You allow cannabis and suddenly the dealers are going to be selling cocaine and Heroin. They simply change products. They will not go away. By James from Algarve on 16 Mar , By Greg Holmes from Algarve on 08 Jun , Excellent article. I lived in California and legalization has not been the catastrophy the nay sayers claim. One comment states without any backup that marijuana is highly addictive, others are concerned about the effects on driving. These concerns are similar to the movie reefer madness. Even the police in Sacramento where i lived would rather deal with a stoner than a drunk i was told in a conversation with a couple of cops. The fear mongering is unwarranted and lacks evidence. I worked in a facility for the homeless during the 70s and the biggest contributing factors to those people were alcohol and mental illness. Marijuana was not a problem. By Joao from Algarve on 26 Jan , In Opinion - 21 Oct , In Opinion - 17 Oct , In Opinion - 16 Oct , In Opinion Pieces , Crime - 23 Aug , In News , Portugal , Business - 19 Oct , In News , Portugal - 18 Oct , In News , Portugal , Property - 17 Oct , In Opinion Pieces - 13 Feb , In Opinion Pieces - 05 Feb , In Opinion Pieces - 27 Jan , In Opinion Pieces - 22 Jan , In Opinion Pieces - 20 Jan , This week's issue 19 Oct Previous Editions. Disclaimer: The views expressed on this page are those of the author and not of The Portugal News. More in Opinion Pieces By the two left feet, slowly backward march! Support The Portugal News We are proud to provide our readers from around the world with independent, honest and unbiased news for free — both online and in print. Send us your comments or opinion on this article. 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