Coconut Plump

⚡ ALL INFORMATION CLICK HERE 👈🏻👈🏻👈🏻

Coconut Plump
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Species of plant in the palm family
This article is about the plant. For other uses, see Coconut (disambiguation) .
"Coconut tree" redirects here. For other uses, see Coconut Tree (disambiguation) .
"Grated coconut" redirects here. For the ProRodeo Hall of Fame bucking horse, see Grated Coconut (horse) .
Cross-section of the niu kafa form of the fruits of wild and Indo-Atlantic coconuts
Cross-section of the niu vai form of the fruits of domesticated Pacific coconuts
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it . ( June 2022 )
Geographical distributions of Indo-Atlantic and Pacific coconut subpopulations and their genetic composition (Gunn et al. , 2011) [46]
Inferred historical introduction of coconuts from the original centers of diversity in the Indian subcontinent and Island Southeast Asia [46] [20] [48]
Indo-Atlantic coconut from eastern India with the elongated triangular niu kafa -type fruits
Domesticated Pacific coconut from the Philippines with bright yellow rounded niu vai -type fruits and a slow-growing dwarf habit
Left: Harvesting coconuts in the Philippines is done by workers who climb the trees using notches cut into the trunk; Center: Worker harvesting coconuts in Veracruz , Mexico using ropes and pulleys ; Right: Coconut workers in the Maldives using a loop of cloth around the ankles
"Grated coconut" redirects here. For for the bucking horse, see Grated Coconut (horse) .
Main articles: Copra and Coconut oil
This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( August 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )


^ " Cocos L., Sp. Pl.: 1188 (1753)" . World Checklist of Selected Plant Families . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2022 . Retrieved May 29, 2022 .

^ Pearsall, J., ed. (1999). "Coconut". Concise Oxford Dictionary (10th ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-860287-1 .

^ Jump up to: a b Nayar, N Madhavan (2017). The Coconut: Phylogeny, Origins, and Spread . Academic Press. pp. 10–21. ISBN 978-0-12-809778-6 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Lew, Christopher. "Tracing the origin of the coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.)" (PDF) . Prized Writing 2018–2019 . University of California, Davis: 143–157. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 23, 2021 . Retrieved April 22, 2021 .

^ Michaels, Axel. (2006) [2004]. Hinduism : past and present . Orient Longman. ISBN 81-250-2776-9 . OCLC 398164072 .

^ T. Pradeepkumar, B. Sumajyothibhaskar, and K.N. Satheesan. (2008). Management of Horticultural Crops (Horticulture Science Series Vol.11, 2nd of 2 Parts). New India Publishing. pp. 539–587 . ISBN 978-81-89422-49-3 .

^ Jump up to: a b Grimwood , p. 18.

^ Sarian, Zac B. (August 18, 2010). New coconut yields high Archived November 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine . The Manila Bulletin . Retrieved April 21, 2011.

^ Ravi, Rajesh. (March 16, 2009). Rise in coconut yield, farming area put India on top Archived May 15, 2013, at the Wayback Machine . The Financial Express . Retrieved April 21, 2011.

^ "How Long Does It Take for a Coconut Tree to Get Coconuts?" . Home Guides – SF Gate . Archived from the original on November 13, 2014.

^ Jump up to: a b c Lebrun, P.; Grivet, L.; Baudouin, L. (2013). "Use of RFLP markers to study the diversity of the coconut palm". In Oropeza, C.; Verdeil, J.K.; Ashburner, G.R.; Cardeña, R.; Santamaria, J.M. (eds.). Current Advances in Coconut Biotechnology . Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 83–85. ISBN 978-94-015-9283-3 .

^ "Coconut Varieties" . floridagardener.com. Archived from the original on October 20, 2015 . Retrieved May 19, 2016 .

^ Jump up to: a b "Coconut botany" . Agritech Portal, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. December 2014 . Retrieved December 14, 2017 .

^ Jump up to: a b Lédo, Ana da Silva; Passos, Edson Eduardo Melo; Fontes, Humberto Rolemberg; Ferreira, Joana Maria Santos; Talamini, Viviane; Vendrame, Wagner A.; Lédo, Ana da Silva; Passos, Edson Eduardo Melo; Fontes, Humberto Rolemberg; Ferreira, Joana Maria Santos; Talamini, Viviane; Vendrame, Wagner A. (2019). "Advances in Coconut palm propagation" . Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura . 41 (2). doi : 10.1590/0100-29452019159 .

^ Armstrong, W.P. "Edible Palm Fruits" . Wayne's Word: An On-Line Textbook of Natural History . Palomar College . Retrieved April 20, 2021 .

^ Jump up to: a b " Cocos nucifera L. (Source: James A. Duke. 1983. Handbook of Energy Crops; unpublished)" . Purdue University, NewCROP – New Crop Resource. 1983. Archived from the original on June 3, 2015 . Retrieved June 4, 2015 .

^ Sugimuma, Yukio; Murakami, Taka (1990). "Structure and Function of the Haustorim in Germinating Coconut Palm Seed" (PDF) . JARQ . 24 : 1–14.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Lebrun, P.; Seguin, M.; Grivet, L.; Baudouin, L. (1998). "Genetic diversity in coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.) revealed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers". Euphytica . 101 : 103–108. doi : 10.1023/a:1018323721803 . S2CID 19445166 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d Shukla, A.; Mehrotra, R. C.; Guleria, J. S. (2012). "Cocos sahnii Kaul: A Cocos nucifera L.-like fruit from the Early Eocene rainforest of Rajasthan, western India". Journal of Biosciences . 37 (4): 769–776. doi : 10.1007/s12038-012-9233-3 . PMID 22922201 . S2CID 14229182 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e Lutz, Diana (June 24, 2011). "Deep history of coconuts decoded" . The Source . Retrieved January 10, 2019 .

^ Jump up to: a b Paull, Robert E.; Ketsa, Saichol (March 2015). Coconut: Postharvest Quality-Maintenance Guidelines (PDF) . College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.

^ Jump up to: a b Coconut: Postharvest Care and Market Preparation (PDF) . Technical Bullet No. 27. Ministry of Fisheries, Crops and Livestock, New Guyana Marketing Corporation, National Agricultural Research Institute. May 2004.

^ Jump up to: a b Thampan, P.K. (1981). Handbook on Coconut Palm . Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.

^ Jump up to: a b Elevitch, C.R., ed. (April 2006). " Cocos nucifera (coconut), version 2.1" (PDF) . In: Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry. Permanent Agriculture Resources, Hōlualoa, Hawai‘i. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 20, 2013 . Retrieved December 22, 2016 .

^ Willmer, Pat. (2011). Pollination and Floral Ecology . Princeton University Press. p. 57 . ISBN 978-0-691-12861-0 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Srivastava, Rashmi; Srivastava, Gaurav (2014). "Fossil fruit of Cocos L. (Arecaceae) from Maastrichtian-Danian sediments of central India and its phytogeographical significance" . Acta Palaeobotanica . 54 (1): 67–75. doi : 10.2478/acpa-2014-0003 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Nayar, N. Madhavan (2016). The Coconut: Phylogeny, Origins, and Spread . Academic Press. pp. 51–66. ISBN 978-0-12-809779-3 .

^ Jump up to: a b Conran, John G.; Bannister, Jennifer M.; Lee, Daphne E.; Carpenter, Raymond J.; Kennedy, Elizabeth M.; Reichgelt, Tammo; Fordyce, R. Ewan (2015). "An update of monocot macrofossil data from New Zealand and Australia" . Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society . 178 (3): 394–420. doi : 10.1111/boj.12284 .

^ Endt, D.; Hayward, B. (1997). "Modern relatives of New Zealand's fossil coconuts from high altitude South America". New Zealand Geological Society Newsletter . 113 : 67–70.

^ Hayward, Bruce (2012). "Fossil Oligocene coconut from Northland". Geocene . 7 (13).

^ Singh, Hukam; Shukla, Anumeha; Mehrotra, R.C. (2016). "A Fossil Coconut Fruit from the Early Eocene of Gujarat" . Journal of Geological Society of India . 87 (3): 268–270. doi : 10.1007/s12594-016-0394-9 . S2CID 131318482 . Retrieved January 10, 2019 .

^ Gomez-Navarro, Carolina; Jaramillo, Carlos; Herrera, Fabiany; Wing, Scott L.; Callejas, Ricardo (2009). "Palms (Arecaceae) from a Paleocene rainforest of northern Colombia". American Journal of Botany . 96 (7): 1300–1312. doi : 10.3732/ajb.0800378 . PMID 21628279 .

^ Jump up to: a b Harries, Hugh C.; Clement, Charles R. (2014). "Long-distance dispersal of the coconut palm by migration within the coral atoll ecosystem" . Annals of Botany . 113 (4): 565–570. doi : 10.1093/aob/mct293 . PMC 3936586 . PMID 24368197 .

^ Dalgado, Sebastião (1982). Glossário luso-asiático . Vol. 1. p. 291. ISBN 978-3-87118-479-6 .

^ "coco | Origin and meaning of coco by Online Etymology Dictionary" . www.etymonline.com . Retrieved May 3, 2020 .

^ "coconut | Origin and meaning of coconut by Online Etymology Dictionary" . www.etymonline.com . Retrieved May 3, 2020 .

^ Jump up to: a b Losada, Fernando Díez. (2004). La tribuna del idioma . Editorial Tecnologica de CR. p. 481 . ISBN 978-9977-66-161-2 . (in Spanish)

^ Figueiredo, Cândido. (1940). Pequeno Dicionário da Lingua Portuguesa . Livraria Bertrand. Lisboa. (in Portuguese)

^ Jump up to: a b Elzebroek, A.T.G. and Koop Wind (Eds.). (2008). Guide to Cultivated Plants . CABI. pp. 186–192 . ISBN 978-1-84593-356-2 .

^ Grimwood , p. 1.

^ "National Flower – Nelumbo nucifera" (PDF) . ENVIS Resource Partner on Biodiversity . Retrieved February 19, 2021 .

^ Chambers, Geoff (2013). "Genetics and the Origins of the Polynesians". eLS . John Wiley & Sons, Inc. doi : 10.1002/9780470015902.a0020808.pub2 . ISBN 978-0-470-01617-6 .

^ Blench, Roger (2009). "Remapping the Austronesian expansion" (PDF) . In Evans, Bethwyn (ed.). Discovering History Through Language: Papers in Honour of Malcolm Ross . Pacific Linguistics. ISBN 978-0-85883-605-1 .

^ Jump up to: a b Perera, Lalith, Suriya A.C.N. Perera, Champa K. Bandaranayake and Hugh C. Harries. (2009). "Chapter 12 – Coconut". In Johann Vollmann and Istvan Rajcan (Eds.). Oil Crops . Springer. pp. 370–372 . ISBN 978-0-387-77593-7 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d Baudouin, Luc; Lebrun, Patricia (July 26, 2008). "Coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.) DNA studies support the hypothesis of an ancient Austronesian migration from Southeast Asia to America". Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution . 56 (2): 257–262. doi : 10.1007/s10722-008-9362-6 . S2CID 19529408 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Gunn, Bee F.; Baudouin, Luc; Olsen, Kenneth M.; Ingvarsson, Pär K. (June 22, 2011). "Independent Origins of Cultivated Coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.) in the Old World Tropics" . PLOS ONE . 6 (6): e21143. Bibcode : 2011PLoSO...621143G . doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0021143 . PMC 3120816 . PMID 21731660 .

^ Jump up to: a b Crowther, Alison; Lucas, Leilani; Helm, Richard; Horton, Mark; Shipton, Ceri; Wright, Henry T.; Walshaw, Sarah; Pawlowicz, Matthew; Radimilahy, Chantal; Douka, Katerina; Picornell-Gelabert, Llorenç; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Boivin, Nicole L. (June 14, 2016). "Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 113 (24): 6635–6640. doi : 10.1073/pnas.1522714113 . PMC 4914162 . PMID 27247383 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Brouwers, Lucas (August 1, 2011). "Coconuts: not indigenous, but quite at home nevertheless" . Scientific American . Retrieved January 10, 2019 .

^ Ahuja, SC; Ahuja, Siddharta; Ahuja, Uma (2014). "Coconut – History, Uses, and Folklore" (PDF) . Asian Agri-History . 18 (3): 223. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 10, 2017 . Retrieved January 3, 2017 .

^ Elevitch, Craig R., ed. (2006). Traditional trees of Pacific Islands : their culture, environment, and use . forewords by Isabella Aiona Abbott and Roger R.B. Leakey (1st ed.). Hōlualoa, Hawaii: Permanent Agriculture Resources. ISBN 978-0-9702544-5-0 .

^ Mahdi, Waruno (1999). "The Dispersal of Austronesian boat forms in the Indian Ocean". In Blench, Roger; Spriggs, Matthew (eds.). Archaeology and Language III: Artefacts languages, and texts . One World Archaeology. Vol. 34. Routledge. pp. 144–179. ISBN 978-0-415-10054-0 .

^ Doran, Edwin B. (1981). Wangka: Austronesian Canoe Origins . Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-0-89096-107-0 .

^ Johns, D. A.; Irwin, G. J.; Sung, Y. K. (September 29, 2014). "An early sophisticated East Polynesian voyaging canoe discovered on New Zealand's coast" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 111 (41): 14728–14733. Bibcode : 2014PNAS..11114728J . doi : 10.1073/pnas.1408491111 . PMC 4205625 . PMID 25267657 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d Ward, R. G.; Brookfield, M. (1992). "Special Paper: the dispersal of the coconut: did it float or was it carried to Panama?". Journal of Biogeography . 19 (5): 467–480. doi : 10.2307/2845766 . JSTOR 2845766 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Chan, Edward and Craig R. Elevitch. (April 2006). Cocos nucifera (coconut) Archived October 20, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (version 2.1). In C. R. Elevitch (ed.). Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry . Hōlualoa, Hawai‘i: Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR).

^ Harries, H. C. (2012). "Germination rate is the significant characteristic determining coconut palm diversity" . Annals of Botany . 2012 : pls045. doi : 10.1093/aobpla/pls045 . PMC 3532018 . PMID 23275832 .

^ "Deep history of coconuts decoded: Origins of cultivation, ancient trade routes, and colonization of the Americas" . ScienceDaily . Washington University in St. Louis. June 24, 2011 . Retrieved April 22, 2021 .

^ Jump up to: a b Harries, H. C. (1978). "The evolution, dissemination and classification of Cocos nucifera L.". The Botanical Review . 44 (3): 265–319. doi : 10.1007/bf02957852 . S2CID 26636137 .

^ "Chapter 1: Botany of the Coconut Palm" . www.bioversityinternational.org . Archived from the original on December 12, 2013.

^ Huang, Y.-Y.; Matzke, A. J. M.; Matzke, M. (2013). "Complete sequence and comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome of coconut palm ( Cocos nucifera )" . PLOS ONE . 8 (8): e74736. Bibcode : 2013PLoSO...874736H . doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0074736 . PMC 3758300 . PMID 24023703 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Rivera, R.; Edwards, K. J.; Barker, J. H.; Arnold, G. M.; Ayad, G.; Hodgkin, T.; Karp, A. (1999). "Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites in Cocos nucifera L". Genome . 42 (4): 668–675. doi : 10.1139/g98-170 . PMID 10464790 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Bourdeix, R.; Prades, A. (2017). A Global Strategy for the conservation and use of Coconut Genetic Resources 2018–2028 . Bioversity International. ISBN 978-92-9043-984-4 .

^ Foale, Mike. (2003). The Coconut Odyssey – the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life Archived March 30, 2011, at the Wayback Machine . Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Archived March 18, 2009, at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved May 30, 2009.

^ Edmondson, C.H. (1941). "Viability of coconut seeds after floating in sea". Bernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers . 16 : 293–304.

^ Heyerdahl, Thor. (1950) Kon-Tiki: Across the Pacific by Raft . Mattituck: Amereon House. 240 p.

^ Wales, State Library of New South. "William Bligh's Logbook" . Archived from the original on October 26, 2016 . Retrieved October 26, 2016 .

^ Jump up to: a b Gunn, Bee; Luc Baudouin; Kenneth M. Olsen (2011). "Independent Origins of Cultivated Coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.) in the Old World Tropics" . PLOS ONE . 6 (6): e21143. Bibcode : 2011PLoSO...621143G . doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0021143 . PMC 3120816 . PMID 21731660 .

^ Ferguson, John. (1898). All about the "coconut palm" ( Cocos nucifera ) (2nd edition).

^ Harries, H.C.; Romney, D.H. (1974). "Maypan: an F1 hybrid coconut variety for commercial production in Jamaica". World Crops . 26 : 110–111.

^ Bourdeix, Ronald (December 9, 2016). "Clarion call for King Coconut" . www.atimes.com . Retrieved December 14, 2016 .

^ Yarro, J. G.; Otindo, B. L.; Gatehouse, A. G.; Lubega, M. C. (December 1981). "Dwarf variety of coconut, Cocos nucifera (Palmae), a hostplant for the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Wlk.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)". International Journal of Tropical Insect Science . 1 (4): 361–362. doi : 10.1017/S1742758400000667 . S2CID 88007323 .

^ "Report: 26 provinces quarantined for coconut pest" . GMA News Online. September 28, 2007. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016 . Retrieved December 17, 2016 .

^ Jump up to: a b "Coconut production in 2019, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)" . UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2020 . Retrieved February 11, 2021 .

^ McGinley, Mark; Hogan, C Michael (April 19, 2011). "Petenes mangroves: types and severity of threats" . The Encyclopedia of Earth. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012 . Retrieved December 17, 2016 .

^ Jump up to: a b c "Harvesting and Post-harvest Management" . Coconut Handbook . Tetra Pak. December 28, 2016 . Retrieved April 18, 2021 .

^ Piggott, C.J. (1964). Coconut Growing . Oxford University Press. p. 61.

^ "Tropical Tree and Palm Crops" . Encyclopedia of Occupational Health & Safety . International Labour Organization . Retrieved April 24, 2021 .

^ George, Bincy M.; Rao, Muddanna S.; Kumar, Arunachalam; Suvarna, Niveditha; D'Souza, Jessica Sushima (2012). "Health of coconut tree climbers of rural southern India – medical emergencies, body mass index and occupational marks: A quantitative and survey study" (PDF) . Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research . 6 (1): 57–60.

^ Coconut wood: Processing and Use (PDF) . Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1985. p. 27. ISBN 92-5-102253-4 .

^ Safford, William Edwin (April 8, 1905). "The Useful Plants of the Island of Guam". Bulletin of the United States National Museum . 9 : 243.

^ Jump up to: a b "Climbing the coconut palm" . COGENT . Retrieved April 24, 2021 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Loyola, James A. (July 23, 2020). "Philippine coconut industry: No monkey business here" . Manila Bulletin . Retrieved April 18, 2021 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Tetra Pak (2016). "The Chemistry of Coconut Milk and Cream" . Coconut Handbook . Tetra Pak International S.A. ISBN 978-91-7773-948-7 .

^ Kumar, V. Sajeev (March 20, 2011). "New mechanical coconut climbing device developed" . The Hindu Business Line . Retrieved April 18, 2021 .

^ Subramanian, Parvathi; Sankar, Tamil Selvi (April 7, 2021). "Development of a novel coconut-tree-climbing machine for harvesting". Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines : 1–19. doi : 10.1080/15397734.2021.1907756 . S2CID 233530078 .

^ "Coconut Production Guide" . Business Diary PH . March 30, 2020 . Retrieved April 18, 2021 .

^ Yahia, Elhadi (2011). Postharvest Biology and Technology of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits . Cambridge: Woodhead . p. 152. ISBN 978-0-85709-362-2 . OCLC 828
Manuel S Fucking French Vacation
Brazzers Mom New Porn
Petite Girl Blowjob