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Albanian mafia
The Albanian mafia or Albanian organized crime Albanian : Mafia Shqiptare are the general terms used for criminal organizations based in Albania or composed of ethnic Albanians. Albanian organized crime is active in Europe , North America , South America , and various other parts of the world including the Middle East and Asia. The Albanian Mafia participates in a diverse range of criminal enterprises including trafficking in drugs, arms, and humans. The Albanian criminal scenario is characterised by diversified criminal plans which, in their complexity, show one of the highest criminal capacities in the world. In Albania alone, there are over 15 mafia families that control organized crime. The Albanian mafia has monopolized various international affiliations from as far east as Israel , to as far west as South America. These reports primarily indicate a strong connection between politicians and various Albanian mafia families. According to the Research Institute for European and American Studies RIEAS , Albanian mafia groups are hybrid organizations various sectors of society , often involved in both criminal and political activities. The Albanian Mafia, in its entirety, constitutes one of the highest crime generating elements in the world, combining the 'traditional' characteristics — plainly manifest in the rigid internal discipline, in the clan structure, in the 'endogamic closure' marrying within the organization which increases the impermeability, the reliability and the endogenous internal solidity — with modern and innovative elements, such as trans-nationality, commercial imprinting and the criminogenous culture of service. The massive logistics to almost anywhere and the syncretic diverse nature of Albanian crime has facilitated its establishment outside the mother country and its integration with the local criminality, exploiting the opportunities inherent in the entire compatriot network. Albanian-American crime groups vary in the extent of their connections to Albanian mafia groups in Albania or Europe, ranging from loosely connected to or mostly independent of Albanian mafias in Europe to being essentially American extensions of European Albanian mafia groups. The typical structure of the Albanian mafia is hierarchical. A family clan is referred to as a 'fis' or a 'fare. A unit is led by a 'Krye' or 'Boss' who selects 'Kryetar' or 'Underbosses' to serve under them. The Kryetar will then choose a 'Mik' or 'Friend' who acts as a liaison to members and is responsible for coordinating unit activities. Deeply reliant on loyalty, honour, and family—with blood relations and marriage being very important—most of the Albanian networks appear to be 'old-fashioned'. Albanian mafia families or clans are usually made up of groups that have thousands of members all over the world, constituting an extended family, residing all along the Balkan route from Eastern Turkey, to Western Europe, and North America. According to Ioannis Michaletos, the family structure is characterised by a strong inner discipline, which is achieved by means of punitive action for every deviation from internal rules. Punishment ensures fear, and fear guarantees unconditional loyalty to the family. Provisions within the family structure allow official laws to be considered secondary, unimportant, and non-binding. Since mafia families are based on blood relations, the number of clan members are limited, and bonds between them tend to be very strong. As a result, infiltrating into the mafia is almost impossible. Members of other ethnic groups can be accepted only to execute one time or secondary jobs. The Albanian mafia families are organised in 4—6 or more levels; such a structure enables them to preserve the organisational action capability even in case some of its members or groups are captured. The Albanian mafia has clans throughout the world. In Albania, there are clans that operate in certain towns or cities. Each region is controlled by different mafia families that oversee international operations. In Shijak , the Xhakja clan is powerful and has an extensive history of criminal family members. The Albanian mafia uses the term besa , meaning 'trust', as a name for their 'code of honour'. Besa is extremely important in Albanian culture, and is considered a verbal contract of trust. Organized crime became widespread in Albania during the early 90s, after the fall of communism. Blackmail, intimidation and racketeering became commonplace. Neither state nor police present problem for the drug chiefs: you can buy politicians and it is not rare when a leader of the criminal gang works in some state institution'. According to the US State Department , 'Albania is the mainstay of organised crime worldwide and the main points of drug trafficking, weapons and immigrants in counterfeit goods'. Four major clans control 20 families that also govern human trafficking, prostitution, blackmail, car robberies and money laundering,' writes Sputnik. Up until the s, Kosovo Albanians served as couriers for Turkish gangs. However, a rapid increase in Albanian migration to Western Europe created widespread organised crime networks, leading to an Albanian takeover of the entire illegal trade coming to Western Europe via the Balkans. The economy's reliance on drug trade and smuggling has led the country to be declared as Europe's only narco-state. The Turkish and Italian Mafia organisations are the main partners of the Albanian mafia in drug trafficking. The latter, according to Sputnik, maintain links with officials, police, customs, intelligence and even military in their countries. The Albanian mafia has extended its activities into China. This after Chinese authorities have uncovered Albanian mafia activity including drug trafficking and prostitution networks. Reports state that the mafia is involved in drug transporting to various Chinese cities. Further, after smuggling the drugs, they are involved in human smuggling of Chinese nationals to Europe. The Israeli government has confirmed its concern that the Albanian mafia has spread its influence in the country's banking system. The Israeli intelligence agency has called for a close cooperation between Israel and Albania to combat money laundering. Justice Ministry General Manager, Dr. Guy Rotkopf noted; 'this is an important step in international cooperation between our countries to combat money laundering with the force of law and to deepen relations between Israel and other countries. A lengthy News Corp Australia investigation has found that an Albanian Mafia group—led by some of Australia's most wanted men—have established 'entrenched infiltration' of almost every level of Australian society and according to Australian Federal Police :. European Organised Crime, primarily the Albanian Mafia is now one of the largest organised crime threats to Australia, so entrenched and disciplined and influential in local communities it has made this a serious challenge to crack. Vaso Ulic is a year-old ethnic Montenegrin who migrated to Australia in and within a few years was working as a small-time foot soldier running drugs and cash along the infamous Golden Mile of Kings Cross but who is now seen as a kingpin of an organisation so big, very few drug consignments enter Australia without his knowledge or permission. It has been confirmed the prosecutions office in Montenegro, where Ulic is residing, has an extensive file on Ulic and other figures in the country as part of an international arrest warrant to break the cartel up. Bajrami was acknowledged by authorities as a member of the Albanian mafia at that time. Reporters tried to investigate the roots of Albanian organised crime but have complained that it is too hard to penetrate the structure and organisation of the Albanian mafia, but they agreed that the Albanian mafia acts on the model of the Italian one, whose crime is part of the 'activities of entire families' and which has a clearly defined hierarchy. The Albanian mafia in Brussels has monopoly over activities such as 'narcotics and arms deals', according to Belgian sources. The Albanian mafia in France is described as having a monopoly over many criminal transactions including arms and drug trafficking. The Albanian mafia has a strong foothold in France, which is a key strategy as other primary transactions are overseen in neighbouring countries by different mafia families and clans. It is a highly organized network and is very difficult to find their roots and penetrate it. Albanian mafia families are active in some of the German urban centres, in particular Hamburg. They play an important role in the drug trade and the red light districts of the country. One mafia family in Hamburg, for instance, according to BND reports, has over ' million euros in real estate portfolios'. Further, the clan has considerable ties to police, judges and prosecutors in Hamburg. According to British criminal Colin Blaney in his autobiography 'Undesirables', Albanian criminals in Germany also frequently come to blows with British criminals who operate in the nation. Albanian people traffickers have been involved in confrontations with an English organised crime group known as the Wide Awake Firm, including an incident in which a member of the English group was stabbed through the hand. A report by the Greek security services and Greek police on Albanian organized crime in the Hellenic Republic concluded that the Albanian mafia controls approximately fifty percent of human trafficking, eighty percent of the retail distribution of heroin, and ninety percent of the importation of illegal small arms in Greece, and that about fifty percent of armed robberies of homes and businesses in the country were committed by Albanians. The analysis also drew links between Albanian nationalism and organized crime. The geographic vicinity, the accessibility to the E. Further factors relative to the economy have rendered the Albanian criminality even more competitive. In fact, some organisations which reached Italy in the early s, infiltrated the Lombardy narco-traffic network run by the 'ndrangheta. Albanian mafia leaders have reached stable agreements with the Italian criminal organisations, also with the mafia, so have gained legitimacy in many illegal circuits, diversifying their activities to avoid reasons of conflict with similar host structures. The Albanian mafia reportedly uses specific trading routes to transport narcotics and illegal immigrants to Italy. Their southern route is via Montenegro and Albania. Access is then gained to Italy by boat. Since the beginning of the s, Italy has been clamping down hard on the Sicilian Mafia. According to the deputy director of the Center for Strategic and International Studies CSIS , at the end of the s the mafia sought to survive this crackdown by forming a 'symbiotic' relationship with the Albanian crime families known as fares , who provided the struggling Sicilians a hand in a number of services in their operations across Italy. Today, both Sicilian mafia groups and the ' Ndrangheta are believed to have franchised out prostitution, gambling, and drug dealing in territories along the Adriatic coast to the Albanians. Albanian clandestine immigrants started arriving at Italian ports in By , the immigration had come under the control of the Albanian and Italian criminal groups, tightening relationships between them. Links to Calabria's mafia, the Ndrangheta, exist in Northern Italy. Southern Albanian groups also have good relationships with Sicily's Cosa Nostra. Roberto Saviano, the Italian writer, an expert on the Napolitan Camorra in particular and the Italian mafia in general, spoke of the Albanian mafia as a 'no longer foreign mafia' to Italy and stressed that the Albanians and Italians have a 'brotherly' relationship between each other. Saviano notes that the Camorra from Naples cannot understand the Russian mafia clans, which aren't based on family ties, and feels greater affinity with the Albanian crime families. In an Albanian television station Top Channel TV, Saviano went on to say that the Albanian and Italian factions are 'one of the same', and that they don't consider each other as foreigners. According to the German Federal Intelligence Service, the Bundesnachrichtendienst BND , in a leaked report to a Berlin newspaper, states that the 'Ndrangheta 'act in close co-operation with Albanian mafia families in moving weapons and narcotics across Europe's porous borders'. According to Dutch police, Albanian crime groups lead the importation of cocaine from South America, the transshipment via the port of Rotterdam , and the further distribution to other European countries from Amsterdam. In addition to cocaine trafficking, the Albanian mafia in the Netherlands is also engaged in human trafficking and property fraud. Law enforcement authorities estimate that different Albanian mafia families may smuggle as much as pounds of heroin a year into Scandinavia at any given time. According to Spanish Authorities, the Albanian mafia is composed of powerful organised factions. In a report by Spanish Authorities, the factions have infiltrated banks and industrial estates. They are very active in Madrid and Costa Del Sol. Geneva Deputy Public Prosecutors state that the Albanian mafia is one of the most powerful ones among eight identified mafias in the world. The Albanian mafia controls the entire network of heroin trafficking in Geneva , Switzerland. Albanian mafia gangs are believed to be largely behind sex trafficking, immigrants smuggling, as well as working with Turkish gangs in Southend-on-Sea , who control the heroin trade in the United Kingdom. Associate groups within the organizations will also hide their criminal activities within restaurants, bars, and clubs in an attempt to remain undercover. In the last few years Albanian mafia was involved more in drug trafficking Hellbanianz \\\\\\\\\[42\\\\\\\\\] than in prostitution and they sold more than , kilograms of drugs in London alone. The Albanian mafia is firmly established in Canadian cities, such as Toronto , Montreal and Vancouver. Albanians are involved in various white collar activities, such as real estate and health care fraud. Furthermore, they are engaged in cross-border activity between the United States and Canada , which includes drug smuggling and money laundering. A Canadian Security Intelligence Service report noted that although organised crime in Canada has shifted to more multi-ethnic and loosely based structures, the term 'mafia' is used only to identify the 'big three,' which have hierarchical structures that are ethnically, racially, and culturally homogeneous: the Italian, Albanian, and Russian mafias. The Albanian mafia in the United States has been thought to greatly increase their dominant power and is one of the most violent criminal organisations in operation, particularly with their strong connections in the European Union. In the United States, Albanian gangs started to be active in the mids, mostly participating in low-level crimes, such as burglaries and robberies. During investigations conducted by FBI experts in the city of New York and surrounding areas against the Albanian mafia, it was noted that the Albanian mafia was too widespread and too secretive to penetrate. Furthermore, although there have been a number of operations performed by the FBI to destroy organised crime such as Italian and Russian factions, the Albanian mafia continues to be widespread in New York in a relatively high number. The American-Albanian mob was described as having 'hundreds of associated members, workers, and customers spanning three continents' and with trafficking drugs from Detroit, Canada, Mexico, the Netherlands, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela. They were also in close cooperation with other mafia families based in the European Union. According to Jerry Capeci, the national foremost expert on the American Mafia 'Albanian gangsters are the latest ethnic criminals to be presented by authorities as competition for the old and dying Mafiosi. There are nowhere near enough of them. Rather, Balkan organised crime groups in this country translated their clan-like structure to the United States. They are not clearly defined or organised and are instead grouped around a central leader or leaders. In early , the White House sanctioned suspected Albanian mafia king pin Naser Kelmendi for drug trafficking. Kalmendi is suspected of leading one of the strongest ethnic Albanian criminal families in the Balkans, according to the Treasury Department. He has long been suspected of running a large organisation that traffics heroin, cocaine and acetic anhydride , a raw material used in the production of heroin, to Europe through the Balkans. One of the most famous Albanian criminal organization was the Rudaj Organization. Among them was Alex Rudaj , the leader of the organisation, whose arrest effectively ended the workings of the Rudaj. The arrests were made shortly after the men entered the territory of the Lucchese crime family in Astoria, Queens , New York, and supposedly beat up two members of the Lucchese family. The name Rudaj comes from the head of the organisation. According to The New York Times published in January , 'Beginning in the s, the Corporation, led by a man named Alex Rudaj, established ties with established organised crime figures including members of the Gambino crime family , the authorities say. Then, through negotiations or in armed showdowns, the Albanians struck out on their own, daring to battle the Lucchese and Gambino families for territory in Queens, the Bronx and Westchester County, prosecutors say. In , Albanian mobsters stormed a Gambino hangout in Astoria, Queens , sending a brazen message to the family. The club, called Soccer Fever, was now theirs. The seven men who invaded the dimly lit basement club tore the joint apart, shot off handguns and beat the club manager bloody, prosecutors say. It was a bold move, and, prior to August unthinkable. Gambino leader Arnold Squitieri had had enough and wanted a talk with these rogue mobsters. The 'sit down' took place at a gas station in a rest area near the New Jersey turnpike. Squitieri did not come alone; twenty armed Gambino mobsters accompanied their boss. Alex Rudaj on the other hand had only managed to bring six members of his crew. According to undercover FBI agent Joaquin Garcia, who infiltrated the Gambino crime family during this period, Squitieri told Rudaj that the fun was over and that they should stop expanding their operations. The Albanians and Gambinos then pulled out their weapons. Knowing they were outnumbered, the Albanians threatened to blow up the gas station with all of them in it. This ended the discussion, and both groups pulled back. By , all the main players involved in this 'sit down' were in prison. Rudaj and his Sixth Family had been picked off the street in October and charged with a variety of racketeering and gambling charges. After a trial, Rudaj and his main lieutenants were all found guilty. In , Rudaj, at that time 38 years old, was sentenced to 27 years in prison. His rival Arnold Squitieri was convicted in an unrelated racketeering case and was sent to prison for seven years. Speaking anonymously for Philadelphia's City Paper, a member of the ' Kielbasa Posse ', an ethnic Polish mob group, declared in that Poles are willing to do business with 'just about anybody. Asian street gangs. But they won't go near the Albanian mob. The Albanians are too violent and too unpredictable. The Polish mob has told its associates that the Albanians are like the early Sicilian mafia —clannish, secretive, hypersensitive to any kind of insult, and too quick to use violence for the sake of vengeance. Reliable information from Honduras indicates formidable Albanian mafia activity. According to WikiLeaks reports, Albanian mafia groups are affiliated with various South American politicians, and have set in motion to move their hidden assets in various banks. The WikiLeaks report goes on to state that Albanian mafia groups are preying heavily in Central America, where all roads lead to Colombian cocaine. Albanian mafia groups are laundering money through banks in Honduras and investing a large amount in construction projects to further gain influence in South America. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Criminal organizations based in Albania or composed of ethnic Albanians. See also: Albanian mafia in Germany. Main article: Rudaj Organization. International Business Times. Retrieved 26 October Archived from the original on 26 October Retrieved The Guardian. Handbook of Organised Crime and Politics. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN Morning Star. The Independent. Archived from the original on 22 March Retrieved 14 November Archived from the original on March 7, Retrieved March 3, Archived from the original on Retrieved 24 August The Terrorist List \\\\\\\\\[5 volumes\\\\\\\\\]. Archived from the original PDF on Ora News. Jela Jovanovic, Secretary General 15 August Archived from the original on November 17, The wam in Italian. FoggiaToday in Italian. The Times Of India. HighBeam Research. London: Times Online. Daily Mirror. Kings of cocaine: how the Albanian mafia seized control of the UK drugs trade. The Observer''. Criminal intelligence Service Canada. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 October Archived from the original on 24 September Daily News. New York. New York Post. Archived from the original on April 24, Forumi Shqiptar. Local news for an international community. Times Union. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 2 August Herald Scotland. BBC News. The Huffington Post. CBS New York. Organized crime groups in Europe. British firms Irish Mob. Corsican mafia Unione Corse Milieu. Penose Mocro-maffia. Galician mafia. Turkish mafia Kurdish mafia. Albania articles. Origins Timeline Archives. Climate Biodiversity Habitat Protected areas. 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