Classic Nurse
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Classic Nurse
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The history of nursing has been a fascinating series of twists and turns. Often relegated to a secondary position within the medical community, many nurses have proven to be crusaders for change, impacting history. These nurses, now mentioned in the history books, changed the world for the better. Here are ten of them.
Clara Barton is a well-known figure in history. She first took up nursing as a ten year old after an older brother’s injuries required frequent care. Already prone to taking up jobs traditionally held by men (and insisting on receiving the same pay), when the Civil War started in the U.S. Clara dove into the traditionally male role of nurse, working directly on the front lines of the battle.
During one battle she even experienced a bullet tearing through her dress (but missing her) and killing the man she was treating. She would eventually be selected to create the first branch of the Red Cross in the United States.
Florence Nightingale was for the British but Clara Barton was for the Americans. Already well known as a nurse and a traveler, Florence traveled to the Crimea with a group of women volunteers to provide care for wounded British soldiers.
Horrified by conditions in the field, she lobbied for and helped to create the first modern field hospitals, emphasizing regulations covering sanitary conditions and care, reducing fatalities of wounded soldiers from over 40% to around 2%. After the war she would found the world’s first formal nursing school for women (now part of King’s College of London).
Mary Jane Seacole was a contemporary of Florence Nightingale who also rendered aid to British soldiers during the Crimean War. A Jamaican born Creole (and proud of it), she learned nursing as an apprentice with to her mother, utilizing traditional African and Caribbean medicines alongside of modern knowledge of things like contagion theory. She practiced medicine throughout the world and engaged in modern scientific enquiry in order to further her knowledge and skills.
When she attempted to provide aid in the Crimean War she was initially turned away by the government. She then used her own funds to travel to the Crimea and establish a recovery home for British officers. Florence Nightingale would speak highly of Mary’s work. Her legacy was to open doors for non-white nurses in the Empire.
Dorothea Dix hated the way we treated people with mental illness. Originally a teacher, she became a student of mental healthcare in a time where mental health care meant “lock them up in the basement.” She began doing state-wide surveys of how “mad” people were treated throughout the eastern seaboard of the U.S. then delivering her reports to state legislatures.
In 1845 her efforts were rewarded when New Jersey became the first of many states to invest in an institution for the humane housing and treatment of the mentally ill during her lifetime.
Mary Eliza Mahoney wouldn’t take no for an answer. A black woman in the post-Civil War era U.S., she worked at the New England Hospital for Women and Children for 15 years before finally being allowed to join its nursing school. She graduated in 1905 and began a career as a well-known and respected private care nurse.
Her recognition enabled her to open the door for black nurses to receive formal training, head a medical facility (the Howard Orphan Asylum), and join what is now known as the American Nurses Association. She was also one of the first women in Boston to register to vote in 1920.
Lillian Wald was horrified by how we treated poor immigrants. After being called in 1893 to save the life of a woman who had been abandoned by a doctor because she could not afford to pay him Lillian founded the first organization of “Public Health Nurses” in Manhattan’s Lower East Side.
These public health nurses provided subsidized health care to immigrants, the destitute, and anyone else who couldn’t afford healthcare otherwise. Her original organization, the Henry Street Settlement continues this work to this day.
Margaret Sanger was a dangerous woman. Convinced that her mother’s eighteen pregnancies had contributed to the woman’s early death Margaret went on the warpath. In a time where the Comstock Law declared any information on reproductive health to be obscene, she gave public lectures, published circulars and magazines, smuggled diaphragms into the country, and provided care to women after back alley abortions gone wrong.
Margaret would be arrested for this criminal spree in 1916. She would be found guilty, but an appeals court ruled that women’s health issues and birth control could be legally discussed with and distributed by trained medical personnel. Margaret would go on to found the organization now known as Planned Parenthood.
Mary Breckinridge had a very different approach to women’s reproductive health than Margaret. While serving as a nurse for the American Expeditionary Force in WWI, Mary met with European midwives. She quickly realized that their approach to women’s reproductive health could meet the needs of women living in the most remote parts of the U.S.
She returned to the U.S., climbed on the back of a horse, and began providing prenatal and childbirth care to women throughout the most inaccessible parts of the Appalachians, allowing patients to pay however much they could in whatever way they could, including chickens or trade. Soon enough nurses were following in her footsteps to form the Frontier Nursing Service in Kentucky, an organization that continues to this day.
Born in the Ottoman Empire in 1910 as Anjeze Gonxhe Bojaxhiu, Mother Teresa was determined to care for the most oppressed and downtrodden people of India . Trading the traditional nun’s habit for a simple white sari, she organized a dedicated force of nun nurses to provide healthcare for the slums of Calcutta. Her most famous patients were the “untouchable” lepers that no one else dared to approach.
Though working under the auspices of the Catholic Church, the care she provided was distinctly non-sectarian, with the nuns reading from the Quran for suffering Muslims, and delivering water from the Sacred Ganges to dying Hindus. Currently 4,500 nuns work in 133 nations providing compassionate, non-denominational care to those the rest of the world would ignore.
Claire Bertschinger, unlike the rest of the nurses on this list, isn’t done making a difference in the world. A dual citizen of the U.K. and Switzerland, she used her legal status as a key to being able to provide nursing services throughout war-torn regions of the world. However it was her work in a famine that would change the world. In 1984 she would be working to provide aid to the starving in Ethiopia. Part of her duties was to pick which few dozen children out of thousands were able to enter a feeding center for a meal.
Horrified by having to essentially decide who ate and who starved she gave an interview to a BBC News crew that caught the attention to singer-songwriter Bob Geldof. Bob would organize the first of a series of concerts that would ultimately raise around a quarter of a billion dollars for famine relief.
Nurses continue to advance not just the medical well-being of patients in hospitals, but the social well-being of the disadvantaged throughout the world. The current challenges facing nursing, with a growing shortage of trained and certified people is forcing today’s nurse to innovate and challenge the current social structures on their treatment of people’s health needs.
Whether it is the ongoing HIV crisis worldwide or the risks of the spread of diseases from poor access to drinking water and growing urbanization in an overpopulated world, there are nurses out there today who are seeking to change society for the better. In time they too will end up being added to the lists that are populated by these ten women and the many, many others like them.
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Sweta Sett
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Adriana John
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Oendrila De
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Adriana John
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Posted on August 25, 2021 by Abby Monteil
Nursing is without a doubt an essential position within the medical field, but nurses are also iconic throughout the cinematic landscape. From caring for zombified women in the early film “I Walked With a Zombie” to terrorizing psychiatric patients in “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest” to treating magical wounds throughout “Harry Potter,” nurses exist across genres and the entire moral spectrum.
NursingEducation.org surveyed popular films featuring nurses to identify the most iconic nurses in film history. While some fulfill the archetype of real-life nurses, others are cruel caregivers in horror films, caretakers with magical skills, or characters posing as nurses to fulfill their own ulterior motives. Characters listed appear across decades of films, from the 1932 autobiographical drama “A Farewell to Arms” to 2011’s “Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2.” Many renowned and famous actors have portrayed nurses, from Audrey Hepburn to Kathy Bates.
So hang up your scrubs and grab some popcorn, and read on to find out which films to check out next when you’re looking for some captivating cinematic nurses.
In this famous first adaptation of Ernest Hemingway’s classic, semi-autobiographical novel of the same name, British nurse Catherine Barkley (played by Helen Hayes), and American ambulance driver Frederic, who is an Italian Army officer (played by Gary Cooper), fall in love while working at a hospital in Italy. Against the backdrop of World War I, their love story is as romantic as it is tragic. Barkley is one of the rosier cinematic depictions of nurses on this list, emulating the trope of the selfless, noble nurse.
“I Walked With a Zombie” is one of the most notable early zombie movies, following young Canadian nurse Betsy, played by Frances Dee, who takes a job caring for a plantation owner’s ailing wife on a remote Carribean island. She is suspected of having some sort of mental illness. However, Betsy soon realizes the other woman has become zombified due to local voodoo. Turner Classic Movies has since dubbed it “one of the most poetic films in the horror genre.”
“Rear Window” is widely considered one of the greatest films in history , and the Alfred Hitchcock film wouldn’t be what it is without Thelma Ritter’s charming, no-nonsense performance as a nurse named Stella. James Stewart portrays a photographer in the film. Stella is hired by his insurance company to care for him after he breaks his leg. While being cared for by her, things take a turn when Jeff grows suspicious that one of his neighbors killed his wife. Originally just there to perform basic tasks, Stella finds herself engrossed in the mystery.
In “The Nun’s Story,” beloved movie star Audrey Hepburn plays a fictionalized version of real-life nun Marie-Louise Habets , now called Gabrielle “Gaby” Van Der Mal. Gaby rebels against her wealthy Belgian surgeon father, played by Dean Jagger, by joining a convent of nursing sisters in the 1920s. She fulfills her dream of working in the Belgian Congo, but her faith is shaken when her father is killed by Nazis while her order insists on remaining politically neutral.
Writer and director Ingmar Bergman’s magnum opus centers on two women: an actress named Elizabet, played by Liv Ullmann, who suddenly goes mute, and her nurse, Alma, played by Bibi Andersson. A doctor assigns Alma to care for Elizabet, and the two women spend a summer on a remote island. While on the island, their psyches begin to merge in strange ways. This deeply psychological film is one of the most iconic explorations of identity and symbolic imagery in movie history.
Many audiences best remember Maj. Margaret “Hot Lips” Houlihan from the long-running “M.A.S.H.” television series, in which she was portrayed by Loretta Swit. However, the iconic nurse first appeared in Robert Altman’s 1970 film of the same name, in which she was played by Sally Kellerman. Working as the head nurse at a U.S. Mobile Army Surgical Hospital unit during the Korean War, her character starts off as a no-nonsense, by-the-book authority figure. Later on, Swit brought even more hilarious nuance to the television character.
Since “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest” premiered in 1975, Nurse Ratched, played by Louise Fletcher, has become one of the most iconic villains in film history. While she doesn’t yell at her patients in the mental institution where the film takes place, she does everything from lobotomize her patients to convince them to kill themselves, all for her own purposes. Fletcher won an Academy Award for her performance, and Nurse Ratched placed #5 on the American Film Institute’s list of the 100 Greatest Heroes and Villains . In 2020, Sarah Paulson played the character in the prequel series “Ratched.”
“High Anxiety” serves as a satire of suspenseful Alfred Hitchcock movies like “Vertigo” and “The Birds.” It largely takes place at a psychiatric hospital, where film director Mel Brooks portrays Dr. Richard Thorndyke. His authority over the place comes into question when the eccentric Nurse Diesel, played by Cloris Leachman, accuses him of murder. However, the witchcraft-obsessed Diesel has ulterior motives of her own.
The “Star Trek” franchise presents a positive view of the future in which humans, androids, and aliens work together to foster harmony across space. In the original series, and the two films it spawned, the ship’s nurse tends to USS Enterprise’s inhabitants through thick and thin. Nurse Christine Chapel is played by Majel Barrett-Roddenberry, an actress who married “Star Trek” creator Gene Roddenberry and became knows as the “first lady of ‘Star Trek’”
In this comedic horror film, nurse Alex Price, played by Jenny Agutter, meets American traveler David Kessler, played by David Naughton, after he lands in a London hospital and becomes convinced he’s turning into a werewolf. It’s out of her realm of expertise, but she continues caring for him at her apartment. They even become a couple, so it’s quite the supernatural nursing experience.
When it comes to terrifying nurses, “Misery” main character Annie Wilkes, played by Kathy Bates, is right up there with Nurse Ratched. In this adaptation of Stephen King’s novel of the same name, maternity nurse Annie finds her favorite author Paul Sheldon (James Caan) in the aftermath of a car accident and begins caring for him in her home. But when she reads his next manuscript and figures out he’s planning on killing her favorite character, she begins torturing him in hopes of getting the outcome she wants. Annie may not perform typical nursing duties all the time, but the story is an effective allegory for fans who feel entitled to pressuring the creators of their favorite media. Bates won a Best Actress Oscar for the performance.
Nursing is an excellent career choice for its stability, its variety, as well as how rewarding it is to care for people in all stages of their lives. Check out our comprehensive guide on education paths and nursing careers .
“The English Patient” is one of the most critically celebrated nursing films on this list: It won a total of nine Academy Awards. Taking place in Italy during the final days of World War II, the film tells the story of young nurse Hana, played by Juliette Binoche, who cares for a badly burned, mysterious British man, played by Ralph Fiennes. Naturally, they soon develop a romantic relationship.
Portrayals of nurses are often limited to women, but that’s not the case in the comedy “Meet the Parents.” In the comedy, Ben Stiller plays an awkward nurse named Greg Focker, whose attempts to win over his ex-CIA future father-in-law are complicated when the family makes numerous jokes about him being a male nurse. While the humor is outdated, it reflects the gendered expectations many people still have about the nursing profession.
In “Nurse Betty,” the film’s titular Midwestern housewife, played by Renée Zellweger, is traumatized by her husband’s violent death and has a nervous breakdown. She soon becomes obsessed with the man who plays a doctor on her favorite soap opera, and falsely poses as a nurse in Los Angeles in hopes of getting close to him. Zellweger won a Golden Globe for her performance, and the movie shows how stereotypical depictions of the medical field can impact viewers.
In this film adaptation of Margaret Edson’s Pulitzer Prize-winning play of the same name, Audra McDonald plays a nurse named Susie Monahan. Her character is tasked with caring for renowned British scholar Vivian, played by Emma Thompson, who is fighting ovarian cancer, and over the course of the film, they develop a close bond. Susie advocates for decency over scientific experimentation when it comes to Vivian’s treatment, showing the huge impact of positive nurse-patient relationships.
In a school where students contend with everything from werewolves to dragons to vomiting slugs, it’s remarkable that the healer of the Hogwarts, nurse Madam Pomfrey, played by Gemma Jones, was able to do as much as she did. With gentle irritability, she treats Harry and his friends’ injuries with a number of spells and magical treatments real-life nurses would love to have at their disposal. In a memorable scene from her first appearance in “Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets,” she regrows all the bones in Harry’s arm with a potion called Skele-Gro. She also appeared in “Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince” and “Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Part 2.”
Four years before Amy Adams shot to mainstream stardom through her first Oscar nomination for “Junebug,” she played a sweet, naive nurse named Brenda Strong in the Steven Spielberg crime caper “Catch Me If You Can.” She and con-man Frank, played by Leonardo DiCaprio, aren’t a great romantic match, but still fall in love while he’s impersonating a doctor at her hospital. Brenda may not be the most competent nurse, but she serves as a foil for the hardened, calculated Frank, and a notable early role for Adams.
In “Talk to Her,” lonely nurse Benigno Martin, played by Javier Cámara, becomes obsessed with young dancer Alicia, played by Leonor Watling, and conveniently becomes her caretaker after a car accident puts her into a coma. While there, he befriends writer Marco, played by Darío Grandinetti, who also pines after a woman in a coma, and they bond over their shared obsessions. The winner of the 2003 Academy Award for best original screenplay, “Talk to Her” provides a nuanced take on moral issues facing nurses.
In a stark departure from her role in the Tom Hanks mermaid rom-com “Splash,” Daryl Hannah plays the brutal Elle Driver in both volumes of “Kill Bill.” Part of the Deadly Viper Assassination Squad, she dons a nurse costume in an attempt to kill main character Beatrix, played by Uma Thurman, while she’s comatose. The character is also known for her iconic eye patch.
Nurses are often the villains in horror films, but that’s not the case in the Spanish-British movie “Fragile.” In the film, a young nurse named Amy Nicholls, played by Calista Flockhart, is sent to care for children in a decaying hospital ward. However, things become much more sinister when Amy begins to suspect the children are afflicted by some sort of haunted spirit within the hospital.
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