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Chennin Blanc (Jamie Boland) was born on 24 June, 1968 in Lynwood, CA, is a Pornographic actress. Discover Chennin Blanc's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. Learn How rich is She in this year and how She spends money? Also learn how She earned most of networth at the age of 53 years old?

We recommend you to check the complete list of Famous People born on 24 June.
She is a member of famous Actress with the age 53 years old group.

At 53 years old, Chennin Blanc height is 5′ 4″ .

Her husband is Cheyne Collins (m. 1996)
Her net worth has been growing significantly in 2020-2021. So, how much is Chennin Blanc worth at the age of 53 years old? Chennin Blanc’s income source is mostly from being a successful Actress. She is from CA. We have estimated Chennin Blanc's net worth, money, salary, income, and assets.
As of September 2012 was living in Huntington Beach, CA.
Blanc graduated from Marina High School in Huntington Beach, California in 1986.
Buxom, shapely, and attractive 5'4" blonde bombshell Chennin Blanc was born on June 24, 1968 in Lynwood, California.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Cugnette" redirects here. For another French wine grape known as Cugnette, see Jacquère .

^ "Cultivating in Good Hope" . National Library of South Africa. Archived from the original on 2007-06-08 . Retrieved 2007-06-17 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Radden, Rosemary. "Grapes and Wines of the World" . The State Library of South Australia, GPO Box 419, Adelaide SA 5001. Archived from the original on 2007-08-07 . Retrieved 2007-06-17 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Oz Clarke Encyclopedia of Grapes pg 75-83 Harcourt Books 2001 ISBN 0-15-100714-4

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Robinson, Jancis (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine, Third Edition . Oxford University Press. pp. 160–161 . ISBN 0-19-860990-6 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x J. Robinson, J. Harding and J. Vouillamoz Wine Grapes - A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours pgs 82, 236-238 Allen Lane 2012 ISBN 978-1-846-14446-2

^ Translation based on that of Gustave Doré (1894) at Project Gutenberg of the following French :Ce faict, et bergiers et bergieres feirent chere lye avecques ces fouaces et beaulx raisins, et se rigollerent ensemble au son de la belle bouzine, se mocquans de ces beaulx fouaciers glorieux, qui avoient trouvé male encontre par faulte de s'estre seignez de la bonne main au matin, et avec gros raisins chenins estuverent les jambes de Forgier mignonnement, si bien qu'il feut tantost guery.

^ Jump up to: a b Maul, E.; Eibach, R. (1999). "Vitis International Variety Catalogue" . Information and Coordination Centre for Biological Diversity (IBV) of the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food (BLE), Deichmanns Aue 29, 53179 Bonn, Germany. Archived from the original on 2007-04-11 . Retrieved 2007-06-17 .

^ J.H.S. Ferreira " Effect of Rootstock on the Incidence of Dying Arm of Chenin blanc vines " Viticultural and Oenological Research Institute, Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa. March, 1985

^ Stevenson, Tom (2005). The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia . Dorling Kindersley. pp. 204 –206. ISBN 0-7566-1324-8 .

^ Appellation American " Chenin blanc , Accessed: July 7th 2006

Chenin blanc (known also as Pineau de la Loire among other names ) is a white wine grape variety from the Loire Valley of France . Its high acidity means it can be used to make varieties from sparkling wines to well-balanced dessert wines , although it can produce very bland, neutral wines if the vine's natural vigor is not controlled. Outside the Loire, it is found in most of the New World wine regions; it is the most widely planted variety in South Africa , where it was historically also known as Steen . The grape may have been one of the first to be grown in South Africa by Jan van Riebeeck in 1655, [1] or it may have come to that country with Huguenots fleeing France after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. Chenin blanc was often misidentified in Australia, as well, so tracing its early history in the country is not easy. It may have been introduced in James Busby 's collection of 1832, but C. Waterhouse was growing Steen at Highercombe in Houghton, South Australia , by 1862. [2]

It provides a fairly neutral palate for the expression of terroir , vintage variation, and the winemaker 's treatment. [3] In cool areas, the juice is sweet but high in acid with a full-bodied, fruity palate. In the unreliable summers of northern France, the acidity of under-ripened grapes was often masked with chaptalization with unsatisfactory results, whereas now, the less-ripend grapes are made into popular sparkling wines such as Crémant de Loire . The white wines of the Anjou AOC are a popular expression of Chenin as a dry wine , with flavors of quince and apples. In nearby Vouvray AOC , vintners aim for an off-dry style, developing honey and floral characteristics with age. In the best vintages, the grapes can be left on the vines to develop noble rot , producing an intense, viscous dessert wine, which may improve considerably with age . [4]

French ampelographer Pierre Galet has theorized that Chenin blanc originated in the Anjou wine region sometime in the 9th century, and from there traveled to Touraine by at least the 15th century. [4] The grape may have been the variety described in two royal land grants of Charles the Bald in 845 detailed in the records of the abbey of Glanfeuil as growing on the left bank of the Loire River in vineyards belonging to individuals with the name of Soulangé and Bessé. [5]

When Thomas Bohier purchased vineyard land around Chenonceaux on January 3, 1496, several grape varieties were brought in from the Burgundy wine region of Beaune , the Jura wine region of Arbois and nearby Orléans and Anjou . One of these varieties, a white grape known as Plant d'Anjou , was later planted between 1520 and 1535 at a nearby site known as Mont Chenin in Touraine by the Lord of Château de Chenonceau and his brother-in-law, Denis Briçonnet, the abbot of Cormery . Ampelographers believe that Plant d'Anjou was like Chenin blanc, with the grape eventually taking on the name from Mont Chenin. [5]

French writer François Rabelais (1494–1553) wrote glowingly about the white wines of Anjou, and mentions the medicinal qualities of the grapes at the end of chapter XXV of Gargantua :

This done, the shepherds and shepherdesses made merry with these cakes and fine grapes, and sported themselves together at the sound of the pretty small pipe, scoffing and laughing at those vainglorious cake-bakers, who had that day met with a mischief for want of crossing themselves with a good hand in the morning. Nor did they forget to apply to Forgier's leg some fat chenin grapes , and so handsomely dressed it and bound it up that he was quickly cured. [6]
From France, the grape spread to South Africa , where it was most likely included among the vine cuttings sent to Jan van Riebeeck in the Cape Colony by the Dutch East India Company . In the 20th century, a subvariety of Chenin planted in the Loire was found to be not actually Chenin blanc at all, but rather the Portuguese grape Verdelho , which is banned from French AOC regulations in the Loire. [3]

In 1999, DNA analysis showed that Chenin blanc has a parent-offspring relationship with the Jura wine grape Savagnin . Additional DNA evidence shows that Chenin blanc shares a sibling relationship with Trousseau and Sauvignon blanc (both grapes the likely offspring of Savagnin), which strongly suggests that Chenin blanc is the offspring and Savagnin is the parent variety. Through Chenin's half-sibling relationship with Sauvignon blanc, the grape is related as an aunt/uncle variety to the Bordeaux wine grape Cabernet Sauvignon which is the offspring of Sauvignon blanc and Cabernet Franc . [5]

Other DNA research has shown that a crossing of Chenin and the Hunnic grape Gouais blanc produced several varieties including Balzac blanc , Colombard and Meslier-Saint-François . In South Africa, the grape was crossed with the Italian wine grape Trebbiano to produce Weldra and Chenel . [5]

Over the years, Chenin blanc has also been frequently confused with other grape varieties with which it does not seem to have a close genetic relationship. This includes the Portuguese wine grape Verdelho grown on the island of Madeira Machupiclait and in the Azores , as well as the Spanish wine grape Albillo , which was confused for Chenin blanc in Australia. [5]

The Chenin blanc grapevine buds early in the growing season and ripens midway to late in the harvest year. [5] However, in warm years, the balance between the Loire's marginal climate and the warmth needed to attain full ripeness has the potential of producing wines with some depth of complexity and finesse. The age of the vine can have an influence on wine quality, with older vines producing naturally lower yields. When infected by noble rot , which also lowers yields and adds and intensifies certain flavors, the wines develop less overtly floral aroma notes, but more depth and layers. [3]

New clonal varieties have been developed that delay budding and increase sugar development during the ripening phase. Six of these new clones have been officially sanctioned by the French government. [4] The vine is semi-upright in habit with three- to five-lobed leaves. It tends to break bud early, with conical, winged bunches containing yellow-green grapes that ripen late. [2] The berries are typically 16.0 mm long x 14.2 mm wide, with an average weight of 1.79 g. [7]

The climate of a wine region largely dictates whether Chenin blanc is produced in a predominantly sweet or dry manner, while the vineyard soil type generally influences the overall style of the wine. [5] Heavy clay -based soils, paired with the right climate, are favorable to the development of weighty, botrytized dessert wines that need time to age and mature. Well-drained and less organic, predominantly sandy soils tend to produce lighter styles of wine that mature more quickly. Chenin blanc planted in soils with a high silex content produce wines with distinctive minerally notes, while limestone -based soils encourage wines with sharp acidity. In Vouvray, the soil is predominantly argilo-calcaire or calcareous clay , which produces rounded wines with both acidity and weight. In areas where schist is plentiful in the soil, Chenin blanc grapes generally ripen earlier than in vineyards with predominantly clay-based soils. [3]

Among the viticultural hazards to which Chenin is susceptible (apart from botrytis in less than ideal conditions) are damage from spring frost, powdery mildew , and fungal disease (such as dead arm of grapevine ) that affect the wood structures of the grape vine. Some of these hazards can be managed with integrated pest management and rootstock selection. [5] [8]

While true for most wine grape varieties , the quality of Chenin blanc wine is intimately connected to the care taken in the vineyard. If the grapes are harvested too soon, before they ripen, the high acidity results in wine being (according to wine expert Oz Clarke ) "one of the nastiest wines possible". If the grapes are harvested at too high of a yield , the grapes do not retain any of Chenin blanc's distinctive character notes. [3] In the Loire, French regulations mandate that yields be kept low (40-50 hl/ha). At these levels, more of Chenin blanc's varietal characteristics of floral, honeyed aromas are exhibited. When the grape is harvested at high yields, such as the California Central Valley average of 10 tons per acre (175 hl/ha), Chenin's flavors become more bland and neutral. [4] The vine is naturally vigorous and prone to overcropping if not kept in check. In fertile soils, as in parts of South Africa, Chenin blanc can easily produce yields of 240 hl/ha. To keep yields in check, vineyard managers may choose to graft Chenin vines with less vigorous rootstock from Vitis riparia or Vitis rupestris vines. During the growing season, they may also elect to do a green harvest where excess grape clusters are removed. [3]

With optimal ripeness and balance between acidity and sugars being such a viticultural priority for Chenin blanc, many growers (such as those in the Loire Valley) harvest the grapes in "tries" or successive pickings through the vineyards. During each series of picking, only the ripest clusters or individual grapes are harvested by hand during a period that could last four to six weeks and include three to six passes through the vineyard. For the production of sweet botrytized wines, pickers look for the grapes that have achieved the necessary amount of the noble rot. In hot and dry years where no noble rot occurs, pickers may leave ripened grapes on the vine long enough to shrivel, or passerillé , where they could later be affected by noble rot. In areas that experience considerable vintage variation, winemakers may decide on a day-by-day basis what style and dryness of Chenin blanc they could make, with the grapes harvested during each try going to different styles of wine. For some producers in Vouvray, which may have up to six tries during harvest, the first few could go to sparkling and dry wine production, while the later trie could go towards sweet wine production. [3]

While Chenin blanc is planted across the globe from China to New Zealand , Canada , and Argentina , it is considered a "major" planting in only a few locations. [3] Though France is the viticultural home of Chenin blanc, by the turn of the 21st century, twice as much Chenin blanc was planted in South Africa as in France. The grape's versatility and ability to reflect terroir causes it to lead, as what Jancis Robinson describes, a " double life ". In the Loire Valley of France, it is prized as a premium quality wine grape able to produce world-class wines, while in many New World wine regions, it used as a " workhorse variety", contributing acidity to bulk white blends and showing more neutral flavors rather than terroir . Throughout all its manifestations, Chenin blanc's characteristic acidity is found almost universally in all wine regions. [4]

Ampelographers theorize that Chenin blanc originated in the Loire Valley of France sometime in the 9th century. Today, the Loire is the French wine region most closely associated with the variety. In 2008, 9,828 hectares (24,290 acres) of Chenin were planted in France, mostly in the Indre-et-Loire , Loir-et-Cher , and Maine-et-Loire departments with the Anjou region around the city of Angers in the Maine-et-Loire having the most significant plantings with 5,044 hectares (12,460 acres) in 2008. While Chenin blanc still accounts for around 1.2% of all French plantings, these numbers are a significant drop from the 16,594 hectares (41,000 acres) of grapevines that were in cultivation in 1958. [5]

Chenin blanc is an authorized planting in many Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) regions, but is mostly planted in the Middle Loire AOCs of Anjou , Bonnezeaux , Crémant de Loire , Coteaux de l'Aubance , Coteaux du Layon , Jasnières , Montlouis , Quarts de Chaume , Saumur , Savennières , and Vouvray . [4] The wines of the Coteaux du Layon, Bonnezeaux, and Quarts de Chaume are produced as sweet dessert wines, while Savennières produce predominantly dry wines. The wines of Anjou, Crémant de Loire, Coteaux de l'Aubance, Jasnières, Montlouis, Saumur, and Vouvray have a wide range of sweetness levels, from dry to semi-sweet to sweet. [9]

In the 1970s, plantings of Chenin blanc in the Loire were uprooted in favor of the more fashionable red Cabernet Franc and white Sauvignon blanc , as well as the easier-to-grow Gamay . [3] This consolidated Chenin's presence to the Middle Loire region around Anjou-Saumur and Touraine. [5] In the 1980s, interest in the sweet dessert wines of the Loire renewed enthusiasm for Chenin blanc in the region. During this time, the Bordeaux wine region of Sauternes had experienced a series of favorable vintages that gave a dramatic increase in prices as supply began to dwindle in face of high demand. Wine consumers who had developed an appreciation for these sweet wines began to look to the Loire as another source. The 1990s brought a string of successful vintages to the Middle Loire that produced many highly rated Chenin wines affected by noble rot. As wine expert Oz Clarke noted, these wines became the " standard-bearer " for Chenin blanc. [3]

The climate of the wine region tends to dictate what style of Chenin blanc is most prevalent in the area. In the northernmost reaches of Jasnières, Chenin blanc is at its limits for cultivation, with the wines being mostly dry and thin. While most of the Middle Loire experiences a continental climate , the Coteaux du Layon receives more climatic influence from the Atlantic Ocean , which promotes the development of Botrytis cinerea , than in nearby Vouvray or Montlouis. While all three AOCs produce sweet, botrytized wine, less vintage variation is found in the Coteaux du Layon. The cool continental influence in Montlouis and Vouvray lends itself to producing a wide range of Chenin blanc, including grapes with the necessary balance of acidity to sugar needed to produce sparkling wine. In the AOC of Savennières, less fog and mist from the nearby rivers occur and more wind that makes botrytis taking root more difficult. This is part of the reason why Savennières is the one Loire AOC that produces predominantly dry Chenin blanc. In the south of France, the warm Mediterranean climate of the Languedoc region encourages the production of many more dry styles of Chenin blanc rather than sweet. [3]

While most Chenin blanc is produced as a varietal wine, up to 20% of Chardonnay and Sauvignon blanc are permitted in wines with the basic Anjou, Saumur, and Touraine designations. The high acidity of Chenin blanc lends itself well to sparkling-wine production, where it is an important component of Crémant de Loire, sparkling Vouvray, and in the Languedoc wine region of Limoux . [4] In Crémant de Limoux, Chenin must account for at least 20% and up to 40% of the blend with Mauzac , Pinot noir and Chardonnay . The grape is also permitted in the still wines of Limoux, but is only blended with Mauzac and Chardonnay. [5]

Outside the Loire, in addition to the Languedoc plantings in Limoux, other French plantings of Chenin blanc can be found in Corsica (with 60 hectares (150 acres) planted on the island in 2008 [5] ), Charentes , and the Aveyron department . [3] In South West France , it is permitted to be used in the white wines of the Côtes de Duras and the Garonne wines of Vins d'Estaing and Vins d'Entraygues et du Fel . [5]

In South Africa, Chenin blanc is the most widely planted variety, accounting for nearly one-fifth (18.6%) of all vineyard plantings in the early 21st century. In 2008, 18,852 hectares (46,580 acres) of the grape were planted, nearly twice the am
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