Cervix Sperm

Cervix Sperm

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1 Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.

2 School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Photon Technology in Western China Energy, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.

3 NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of SIPPR, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.

4 NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.

5 NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. Electronic address: shihuijuan2011@163.com.

6 School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Photon Technology in Western China Energy, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China. Electronic address: jing@nwu.edu.cn.

7 Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. Electronic address: Yanjun_Liu@fudan.edu.cn.

Sai-Xi Yu et al.

Biosens Bioelectron .

2022 .

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1 Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.

2 School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Photon Technology in Western China Energy, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.

3 NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of SIPPR, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.

4 NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.

5 NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. Electronic address: shihuijuan2011@163.com.

6 School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Photon Technology in Western China Energy, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China. Electronic address: jing@nwu.edu.cn.

7 Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. Electronic address: Yanjun_Liu@fudan.edu.cn.

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As the gate for sperm swimming into the female reproductive tract, cervix is full of cervical mucus, which plays an important role in sperm locomotion. The fact that sperm cannot pass through the cervical mucus-cervix microenvironment will cause the male infertility. However, how the sperm swim across the cervix microenvironment remains elusive. We used hyaluronic acid (HA), a substitute of cervical mucus to mimic cervix microenvironment and designed a cervix chip to study sperm selection and behavior. An accumulation of sperm in HA confirmed that HA served as a reservoir for sperm, similar to cervical mucus. We found that sperm escaping from HA exhibited higher motility than the sperm accessing into HA, suggesting that HA functions as a filter to select sperm with high activity. Our findings construct a practical platform to explore the sophisticated interaction of sperm with cervix microenvironment, with elaborate swimming indicators thus provide a promising cervix chip for sperm selection with kinematic features on-demand. What's more, the cervix chip allows the convenient use in clinical infertility diagnosis, owing to the advantage of simple, fast and high efficiency.

Keywords:

Cervix chip; Hyaluronic acid; Microfluidics; Sperm.

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Medically Reviewed by Dan Brennan, MD on June 27, 2021
Cervix penetration is a term that describes making contact with the cervix during sex. Either the penis touches the cervix, or a finger, dildo, or other sex toy is used to stimulate the cervix. The term is technically incorrect — it’s not possible for a penis, finger, or similarly shaped object to penetrate the cervix.
The cervix is the neck of the uterus , located at the top of the vagina. It has a small opening to allow semen to enter the uterus and to allow menstrual blood to leave the uterus. The opening is tiny and normally closed with mucus. So the cervix may be touched during sex, but it cannot be penetrated.
Some people find cervical stimulation pleasant. Others find it uncomfortable or even painful. Sometimes it depends on where they are in the cycle of arousal. The vagina lengthens during sexual excitement, and the cervix lifts so it is farther away from the vaginal opening. That makes it harder to touch the cervix, but possibly more pleasant if it does.
If a woman is not sufficiently aroused when sexual play or intercourse begins, the cervix is more likely to be stimulated, but the woman is less likely to enjoy the sensation. Something similar may happen if she orgasms first and her vagina returns to its unexcited state while penetration is still taking place.
Some people may not realize that cervical penetration is impossible. You can think of the cervix as a closed door between the uterus and the vagina. It is the reason a tampon can't get lost in the vagina. The tampon has nowhere to go. The cervix only opens up during labor.
The cervix is also part of the reason a woman can have sex during pregnancy without fear of hurting the baby. It's like a tough cushion protecting the baby. Combined with the amniotic sac and fluid and the muscular uterus, the cervix protects the baby even from deep penetration and vigorous thrusting. If cervical penetration were possible, the baby wouldn't be as well protected.
Some of those with penises may assume that being able to reach the cervix during sex is a sign of virility and should feel amazing to the person with the cervix. Actually, cervical contact may feel highly pleasurable to one person and unpleasant or painful to another. And one person can experience that contact differently at different times, depending upon what else is going on inside the reproductive system .
In popular literature, you may see claims about women having cervical orgasms . Sex experts point out that there are very few nerve endings in the cervix. In fact, there are so few nerves that doctors can do simple medical procedures on the cervix without anesthetic. Still, sex experts are reluctant to deny a person's experience of sexual pleasure.
If you've never experienced cervical contact and you would like to, you can try it with a partner or go solo. With a partner, you'll learn that sexual position is key. Some positions give you much deeper penetration than others. If you are stimulating yourself , you can use a finger or a sex toy .
In any case, take it slowly, use lube , and stop if you feel a sharp pain. Deep penetration that is too vigorous could cause a bruised cervix, which isn't serious but could cause pain that lasts for a while. Follow the same rules if a partner is stimulating you manually.
It's not unusual to experience a little pain during intercourse . You can prevent most pain with a few simple steps. Use lube, allow for plenty of foreplay , and change positions if one position is uncomfortable.
Pain upon deep penetration can have other causes that aren't so easily fixed. These include pelvic inflammatory disease , fibroid tumors , endometriosis , and ectopic pregnancy . Check with your doctor if you have pain that is sharp or persistent. But remember it's also possible that you don't like cervical stimulation.
It's fairly common to have a little bleeding after sex . If it persists or if the vulva or vagina feels raw or itchy , see your doctor.
Cleveland Clinic: "Sexual Health: Female Pain During Sex (Dyspareunia)."
Columbia University: Go Ask Alice: "How deep is the average vagina, and does it elongate when something's in it?"
Columbia University: Go Ask Alice: "Possible to penetrate the cervix during sex?"
Hancock Health: "What is the Cervix and What Does it Do?"
HealthyWomen: "Could You Have a Bruised Cervix?"
Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health: "Sex During Pregnancy."
Mayo Clinic: "Vaginal bleeding after sex."
Sexual and Relationship Therapy: "The involvement of the human cervix in reproduction and sex."
© 2005 - 2022 WebMD LLC. All rights reserved.
WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

Amy Wilkinson is an entertainment editor who also specializes in health and wellness. When not editing or writing, she can be found teaching Pilates as a comprehensively certified instructor.
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Think of your cervix as the gatekeeper to your uterus. Lots of things—like tampons, fingers, penises, sex toys, and other germ-carrying items—can get to your cervix, but they aren't getting past it. Your cervix, in its 24/7 role of keeping your uterus happy and healthy, won't let that happen.
Likewise, there are things—like mucous, menstrual blood, and the occasional baby—that need to get out of your uterus. Your cervix is the bouncer, deciding what and when things go in and come out of the most vital piece of your reproductive system. Yet, despite benefiting from its work, day in and day out, chances are you don't know much about it.
Great Q! Your cervix is the "neck" of your uterus, positioned at the top of your vaginal canal. Because of its location, seeing your cervix isn't as easy as squatting over a hand mirror, like you would if you were examining your other lady bits, but it is possible with the right tools.
All you need is a flashlight, a mirror, a retractable speculum, and a little courage. If you don't have a speculum just lying around your bathroom (and if you do, we want to hear that story!) you can buy a starter kit for $22.95 from the Beautiful Cervix Project . It even comes with a handy map to guide you through your own nethers. Once there you can admire the beauty of your own, unique cervix and even snap some cervix pictures if you're so inclined. (Use this handy video guide for tips on getting a good picture of your vaginal canal and cervix .)
The Beautiful Cervix Project is a movement to better understand and appreciate the awesomeness of the underrated cervix. O’Nell Starkey started it as a project for midwifery school, with her husband taking snaps of her cervix throughout her cycle. She quickly discovered, as she's put it, “Cervices are amazing!”
After sharing her images with the world, she found that other women also wanted to see their own cervices (that's plural for cervix!), leading her to start the Beautiful Cervix Project, as well as live workshops dedicated to helping women learn about and appreciate their bodies.
"What I have learned by creating this website is that people from all over the world are curious about their bodies, cervices, and the menstrual cycle—everyone from newly menstruating teens, pregnant people, medical students, people with abnormal Paps, to people trying to conceive , artists, educators, and the list goes on," Starkey says. "Cervical self-exam is about educating and empowering people by contradicting some of the shame and under-education we have about our bodies and menstrual cycles.
The Beautiful Cervix Project is dedicated to people working to reclaim their entire bodies as beautiful and lovable. The more we know about ourselves, the more we feel confident to advocate and care for ourselves."
While each cervix is slightly different (which is why
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