Celebrity

Celebrity



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Celebrity
Celebrity is a con­di­tion of fame and broad pub­lic recog­ni­tion of an in­di­vid­ual or group, or oc­ca­sion­ally a char­ac­ter or an­i­mal, as a re­sult of at­ten­tion given them by mass media. A per­son may at­tain a celebrity sta­tus from hav­ing great wealth, their par­tic­i­pa­tion in sports or the en­ter­tain­ment in­dus­try, their po­si­tion as a po­lit­i­cal fig­ure, or even from their con­nec­tion to an­other celebrity. 'Celebrity' usu­ally im­plies a fa­vor­able pub­lic image, as op­posed to the neu­trals 'fa­mous' or 'no­table', or the neg­a­tives 'in­fa­mous' and 'notorious'.[1][2]
In his 2020 book Dead Fa­mous: an un­ex­pected his­tory of celebrity, British his­to­rian Greg Jen­ner uses the de­f­i­n­i­tion:
Celebrity (noun): A unique per­sona made widely known to the pub­lic via media cov­er­age, and whose life is pub­licly con­sumed as dra­matic en­ter­tain­ment, and whose com­mer­cial brand is made prof­itable for those who ex­ploit their pop­u­lar­ity, and per­haps also for themselves[3]
Al­though his book is sub­ti­tled "from Bronze Age to Sil­ver Screen", and de­spite the fact that "Until very re­cently, so­ci­ol­o­gists ar­gued that celebrity was in­vented just over 100 years ago, in the flick­er­ing glim­mer of early Hol­ly­wood" and the sug­ges­tion that some me­dieval saints might qual­ify, Jen­ner as­serts that the ear­li­est celebri­ties lived in the early 1700s, his first ex­am­ple being Henry Sacheverell.[3][4]
Ath­letes in An­cient Greece were wel­comed home as he­roes, had songs and poems writ­ten in their honor, and re­ceived free food and gifts from those seek­ing celebrity en­dorse­ment.[5] An­cient Rome sim­i­larly lauded ac­tors and no­to­ri­ous glad­i­a­tors, and Julius Cae­sar ap­peared on a coin in his own life­time (a de­par­ture from the usual de­pic­tion of bat­tles and di­vine lineage).[6]
In the early 12th cen­tury, Thomas Becket be­came fa­mous fol­low­ing his mur­der. He was pro­moted by the Chris­t­ian Church as a mar­tyr and im­ages of him and scenes from his life be­came wide­spread in just a few years. In a pat­tern often re­peated, what started as an ex­plo­sion of pop­u­lar­ity (often re­ferred to with the suf­fix 'mania') turned into long-last­ing fame: pil­grim­ages to Can­ter­bury Cathe­dral where he was killed be­came in­stantly fash­ion­able and the fas­ci­na­tion with his life and death have in­spired plays and films.
The cult of per­son­al­ity (par­tic­u­larly in the west) can be traced back to the Ro­man­tics in the 18th century,[7] whose liveli­hood as artists and poets de­pended on the cur­rency of their rep­u­ta­tion. The es­tab­lish­ment of cul­tural hot-spots be­came an im­por­tant fac­tor in the process of gen­er­at­ing fame: for ex­am­ple, Lon­don and Paris in the 18th and 19th cen­turies. News­pa­pers started in­clud­ing gos­sip columns [8] and cer­tain clubs and events be­came places to be seen in order to re­ceive pub­lic­ity.
The movie in­dus­try spread around the globe in the first half of the 20th cen­tury and now, the fa­mil­iar con­cept of the in­stantly rec­og­niz­able faces of its su­per­stars. Yet, celebrity was not al­ways tied to ac­tors in films, es­pe­cially when cin­ema was start­ing as a medium. As Paul Mc­Don­ald states in The Star Sys­tem: Hol­ly­wood's Pro­duc­tion of Pop­u­lar Identities, "in the first decade of the twen­ti­eth cen­tury, Amer­i­can film pro­duc­tion com­pa­nies with­held the names of film per­form­ers, de­spite re­quests from au­di­ences, fear­ing that pub­lic recog­ni­tion would drive per­form­ers to de­mand higher salaries."[9] Pub­lic fas­ci­na­tion went well be­yond the on-screen ex­ploits of movie stars and their pri­vate lives be­came head­line news: for ex­am­ple, in Hol­ly­wood the mar­riages of Eliz­a­beth Tay­lor and in Bol­ly­wood the af­fairs of Raj Kapoor in the 1950s.
The sec­ond half of the cen­tury saw tele­vi­sion and pop­u­lar music bring new forms of celebrity, such as the rock star and the pop group, epit­o­mised by Elvis Pres­ley and the Bea­t­les, re­spec­tively. John Lennon's highly con­tro­ver­sial 1966 quote: "We're more pop­u­lar than Jesus now,"[10] which he later in­sisted was not a boast, and that he was not in any way com­par­ing him­self with Christ,[11] gives an in­sight into both the adu­la­tion and no­to­ri­ety that fame can bring. Un­like movies, tele­vi­sion cre­ated celebri­ties who were not pri­mar­ily ac­tors; for ex­am­ple, pre­sen­ters, talk show hosts, and news­read­ers. How­ever, most of these are only fa­mous within the re­gions reached by their par­tic­u­lar broad­caster, and only a few such as Oprah Win­frey, Jerry Springer, or David Frost could be said to have bro­ken through into wider star­dom.
In the '60s and early '70s, the book pub­lish­ing in­dus­try began to per­suade major celebri­ties to put their names on au­to­bi­ogra­phies and other ti­tles in a genre called celebrity pub­lish­ing. In most cases, the book was not writ­ten by the celebrity but by a ghost-writer, but the celebrity would then be avail­able for a book tour and ap­pear­ances on talk shows.[12]
Shah Rukh Khan is an Indian actor, producer, businessman, investor, author, philanthropist, activist, host and much more.
Peo­ple may be­come celebri­ties in a wide range of ways; from their pro­fes­sions, fol­low­ing ap­pear­ances in the media, or by com­plete ac­ci­dent. The term "in­stant celebrity" de­scribes some­one who be­comes a celebrity in a very short time. Some­one who achieves a small amount of tran­sient fame (through, say, hype or mass media) may be­come la­beled a "B-grade celebrity". Often, the gen­er­al­iza­tion ex­tends to some­one who falls short of main­stream or per­sis­tent fame but who seeks to ex­tend or ex­ploit it.
There are no guar­an­tees of suc­cess for an in­di­vid­ual to be­come a celebrity. Though celebri­ties come from many dif­fer­ent work­ing fields, most celebri­ties are typ­i­cally as­so­ci­ated with the fields of sports and en­ter­tain­ment, or a per­son may be a pub­lic fig­ure who is com­monly rec­og­niz­able in mass media with com­mer­cial and crit­i­cal ac­claim.
Though glam­our and wealth may cer­tainly play a role for only fa­mous celebri­ties, most peo­ple in the sports and en­ter­tain­ments spheres, be it music, film, tele­vi­sion, radio, mod­el­ling, com­edy, lit­er­a­ture etc. live in ob­scu­rity and only a small per­cent­age achieve fame and fortune.[13][14][15][16]
Out­side of the sports and en­ter­tain­ment sphere, the top in­ven­tors, pro­fes­sion­als such as doc­tors, lawyers, and sci­en­tists, etc. are un­likely to be­come celebri­ties even if they are enor­mously suc­cess­ful in their field due to so­ci­ety's dis­in­ter­est in sci­ence, in­ven­tion, med­i­cine, and court­room law which is not fic­tional. Amer­i­can mi­cro­bi­ol­o­gist Mau­rice Hille­man is cred­ited with sav­ing more lives than any other med­ical sci­en­tist of the 20th century.[17] After Hille­man's death Ralph Nader wrote, "Yet al­most no one knew about him, saw him on tele­vi­sion, or read about him in news­pa­pers or mag­a­zines. His anonymity, in com­par­i­son with Madonna, Michael Jack­son, Jose Canseco, or an as­sort­ment of grade B ac­tors, tells some­thing about our so­ci­ety's and media's con­cepts of celebrity; much less of the heroic."[18]
David Letterman, comedian and former American late night talk show host
Many ath­letes who are un­able to turn pro­fes­sional take a sec­ond job or even some­times aban­don their ath­letic as­pi­ra­tions in order to make ends meet. A small per­cent­age of en­ter­tain­ers and ath­letes can make a de­cent liv­ing but a vast ma­jor­ity will spend their ca­reers toil­ing from hard work, de­ter­mi­na­tion, re­jec­tion, and fre­quent un­em­ploy­ment. For minor league to am­a­teur ath­letes, earn­ings are usu­ally on the lower end of the pay-scale. Many of them take sec­ond jobs on the side or even ven­ture into other oc­cu­pa­tions within the field of sports such as coach­ing, gen­eral man­age­ment, ref­er­ee­ing, or re­cruit­ing and scout­ing up-and-com­ing athletes.[19]
The Screen Ac­tors Guild, a union rep­re­sent­ing ac­tors and ac­tresses through­out Hol­ly­wood re­ports that the av­er­age tele­vi­sion and film actor earns less than US$50,000 an­nu­ally; the me­dian hourly wage for ac­tors was $18.80 in May 2015.[20][21][22] Ac­tors some­times al­ter­nate be­tween the­ater, tele­vi­sion, and film or even branch into other oc­cu­pa­tions within the en­ter­tain­ment in­dus­try such as be­com­ing a singer, co­me­dian, pro­ducer, or a tele­vi­sion host in order to be mon­e­tar­ily di­ver­si­fied, as doing one gig pays com­par­a­tively very lit­tle. For in­stance, David Let­ter­man is well known for branch­ing into late night tele­vi­sion as a talk show host while hon­ing his skills as a stand-up co­me­dian, Bar­bra Streisand ven­tured into act­ing while op­er­at­ing as a singer, and Clint East­wood achieved even greater fame in Hol­ly­wood as a film di­rec­tor and pro­ducer than for his act­ing cre­den­tials.
Ac­cord­ing to Amer­i­can en­ter­tain­ment mag­nate Mas­ter P, en­ter­tain­ers and pro­fes­sional ath­letes make up less than 1% of all mil­lion­aires in the en­tire world.[23] Less than 1% of all run­way mod­els are known to make more than US$1000 for every fash­ion show­case. Ac­cord­ing to the US Bu­reau of Labor Sta­tis­tics, the me­dian wage for com­mer­cial and print mod­els was only $11.22 per hour in 2006 and was also listed one of the top ten worst jobs in the United States.[24]
Forbes Mag­a­zine re­leases an an­nual Forbes Celebrity 100 list of the high­est-paid celebri­ties in the world. The total earn­ings for all top celebrity 100 earn­ers to­taled $4.5 bil­lion in 2010 alone.
For in­stance, Forbes ranked media mogul and talk show host, Oprah Win­frey as the top earner "Forbes mag­a­zine’s an­nual rank­ing of the most pow­er­ful celebri­ties", with earn­ings of $290 mil­lion in the past year. Forbes cites that Lady Gaga re­port­edly earned over $90 mil­lion in 2010.[25] In 2011, golfer Tiger Woods was one of high­est-earn­ing celebrity ath­letes, with an in­come of $74 mil­lion and is con­sis­tently ranked one of the high­est-paid ath­letes in the world.[25] In 2013, Madonna was ranked as the fifth most pow­er­ful and the high­est-earn­ing celebrity of the year with earn­ings of $125 mil­lion. She has con­sis­tently been among the most pow­er­ful and high­est-earn­ing celebri­ties in the world, oc­cu­py­ing the third place in Forbes Celebrity 100 2009 with $110 mil­lion of earn­ings, and get­ting the tenth place in the 2011 edi­tion of the list with an­nual earn­ings equal to $58 million.[26] Be­y­oncé has also ap­peared in the top ten in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2017, and topped the list in 2014 with earn­ings of $115 million.[27]
Celebrity en­dorse­ments have proven very suc­cess­ful around the world where, due to in­creas­ing con­sumerism, an in­di­vid­ual is often con­sid­ered to own a sta­tus sym­bol when they pur­chase a celebrity-en­dorsed product.[30][31][32] Al­though it has be­come com­mon­place for celebri­ties to place their name with en­dorse­ments onto prod­ucts just for quick money, some celebri­ties have gone be­yond merely using their names and have put their en­tre­pre­neur­ial spirit to work by be­com­ing en­tre­pre­neurs by at­tach­ing them­selves in the busi­ness as­pects of en­ter­tain­ment and build­ing their own busi­ness brand be­yond their tra­di­tional salaried ac­tiv­i­ties. Along with in­vest­ing their salaried wages into grow­ing busi­ness en­deav­ors, sev­eral celebri­ties have be­come in­no­v­a­tive busi­ness lead­ers in their re­spec­tive in­dus­tries, gain­ing the ad­mi­ra­tion of their peers and con­tribut­ing to the coun­try's econ­omy.
Nu­mer­ous celebri­ties have ven­tured into be­com­ing busi­ness moguls and es­tab­lished them­selves as en­tre­pre­neurs, idol­iz­ing many well known Amer­i­can busi­ness lead­ers such as Bill Gates and War­ren Buf­fett. For in­stance, bas­ket­ball leg­end Michael Jor­dan be­came an ac­tive en­tre­pre­neur in­volved with many sports-re­lated ven­tures in­clud­ing in­vest­ing a mi­nor­ity stake in the Char­lotte Bob­cats, Paul New­man started his own salad dress­ing busi­ness after leav­ing be­hind a dis­tin­guished act­ing ca­reer, and rap mu­si­cian Bird­man started his own record label, cloth­ing line, and an oil busi­ness while main­tain­ing a ca­reer as a rap artist. Brazil­ian foot­ball leg­end and World Cup win­ner Ronaldo be­came the ma­jor­ity owner of La Liga club Real Val­ladolid in 2018.[33] Other celebri­ties such as Tyler Perry, George Lucas, and Steven Spiel­berg have be­come suc­cess­ful en­tre­pre­neurs through start­ing their own film pro­duc­tion com­pa­nies and run­ning their own movie stu­dios be­yond their tra­di­tional ac­tiv­i­ties of screen­writ­ing, di­rect­ing, an­i­mat­ing, pro­duc­ing, and acting.[34]
Var­i­ous ex­am­ples of celebrity turned en­tre­pre­neurs in­cluded in the table below are:
Main sources are television, radio, and film. Additional business holdings in Harpo Productions and the Oprah Winfrey Network with interests in film, television, magazines, books, motivational speaking, and publishing.[36][37]
Main sources of wealth in­clude roy­al­ties and pro­ceeds from music, fash­ion, music tour­ing, film-mak­ing, and record pro­duc­tion. She founded her own record label, Mav­er­ick Records es­tab­lished in the 1990s. Guin­ness World Records name her as the Best-sell­ing fe­male record­ing artist of all time sell­ing over 300 mil­lion al­bums in her ca­reer. Total record sales of 500,000,000 (over 300,000,000 al­bums and 200,000,000 sin­gles) also add to her net worth along with her Sticky and Sweet Tour which is the high­est gross­ing solo tour of all time achiev­ing a gross of $408,000,000. The MDNA Tour which is the sec­ond high­est-gross­ing tour by any fe­male artist be­hind Madonna's own Sticky and Sweet tour at­tracted more than 2.2 mil­lion fans and grossed $305 mil­lion in ticket sales and an ad­di­tional $75 mil­lion in mer­chan­dise sales, adding a lot to her net worth. In the year 2012, she also earned $10 mil­lion in TV and DVD rights, $60 mil­lion from her per­fume line Truth or Dare and made $11 mil­lion from the $2 mil­lion in­vest­ment in Vita Coco.
Main sources include music, film, and television. Various external ventures include sports endorsements with Reebok and his clothing company, the G-Unit Clothing Company video games, record labels: G-Unit Records and G-Note Records. Additional holdings in consumer electronics such as SMS Audio headphones, dietary supplements, condoms and Pure 50 RGX Body Spray as a joint venture with Right Guard, beverages that include his Vitamin water drink venture with Glacéau and Street King energy drink beverages, fragrances and cosmetics, fashion designing and clothing, video games that 50 Cent: Bulletproof, books, radio, music publishing, television and film production (Cheetah Vision), talent management that includes boxing promotion, real estate, and other investments.[40]
Main sources mainly stakes in Roc Nation, Carol's Daughter, the Brooklyn Nets, and more significantly, the Barclays Center itself—while adding new partnerships with the likes of Duracell, Budweiser and Bacardi's D’ussé Cognac.bars and nightclubs, books, clothing line Rocawear, real estate development which includes the Barclay's Center, to which sold his 1.5 million stake in September 2013,[42] music touring, music publishing, casinos, advertising, other investments within his conglomerate (Gain Global Investments LLC).
Main sources mainly in television, film, and music. Other holdings include the record label Bad Boy Records, fashion designing and the Sean John Clothing Line, namely his deal with Diageo's Ciroc, restaurants, vodka, television production, business education, and fragrances. Combs also has a major equity stake in Revolt TV, a newly launched television network.[44]
Main sources mainly in radio, television, film, and her conglomerate Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, which includes interests in television production, magazines, cookbooks, and household cooking products. Other products include cookbooks, books and instructional manuals for the home decorator. Remaining sources include internet related ventures, satellite radio show, blogging, publishing, books, and retail merchandising.
Main sources primarily in television and sports. Other holdings include the promotion and theater chain Magic Johnson Theatres, movie studios, food services, sports teams (minority stake in the LA Lakers), and motivational speaking.[48]
US$100 million–800 million[49][50][51]
Main sources include films and bodybuilding. Minor holdings in various global businesses, restaurants, real estate, Planet Hollywood, and other investments.
Tabloid mag­a­zines and talk TV shows be­stow a great deal of at­ten­tion to celebri­ties. To stay in the pub­lic eye and build wealth in ad­di­tion to their salaried labor, nu­mer­ous celebri­ties have par­tic­i­pat­ing and branch­ing into var­i­ous busi­ness ven­tures and en­dorse­ments. Many celebri­ties have par­tic­i­pated in many dif­fer­ent en­dorse­ment op­por­tu­ni­ties that in­clude: an­i­ma­tion, pub­lish­ing, fash­ion de­sign­ing, cos­met­ics, con­sumer elec­tron­ics, house­hold items and ap­pli­ances, cig­a­rettes, soft drinks and al­co­holic bev­er­ages, hair care, hair­dress­ing, jew­elry de­sign, fast food, credit cards, video games, writ­ing, and toys.[52]
In ad­di­tion to var­i­ous en­dorse­ments, some celebri­ties have been in­volved with some busi­ness and in­vest­ment-re­lated ven­tures also in­clude: and tod­dler re­lated items, sports team own­er­ship, fash­ion re­tail­ing, es­tab­lish­ments such as restau­rants, cafes, ho­tels, and casi­nos, movie the­aters, ad­ver­tis­ing and event plan­ning, man­age­ment-re­lated ven­tures such as sports man­age­ment, fi­nan­cial ser­vices, model man­age­ment, and tal­ent man­age­ment, record la­bels, film pro­duc­tion, tele­vi­sion pro­duc­tion, pub­lish­ing such as book and music pub­lish­ing, mas­sage ther­apy, sa­lons, health and fit­ness, and real estate.[52]
Al­though some celebri­ties have achieved ad­di­tional fi­nan­cial suc­cess from var­i­ous busi­ness ven­tures, the vast ma­jor­ity of celebri­ties are not suc­cess­ful busi­ness­peo­ple and still rely on salaried la­bored wages to earn a liv­ing. Most busi­nesses and in­vest­ments are well known to have a 90 to 95 per­cent fail­ure rate within the first five years of op­er­a­tion. Not all celebri­ties even­tu­ally suc­ceed with their busi­nesses and other re­lated side ven­tures. Some celebri­ties ei­ther went broke or filed for bank­ruptcy as a re­sult of dab­bling with such side busi­nesses or en­dorse­ments. Though some might ques­tion such va­lid­ity since celebri­ties them­selves are al­ready well known, have mass ap­peal, and are well ex­posed to the gen­eral pub­lic. The av­er­age en­tre­pre­neur who is not well known and rep­utable to the gen­eral pub­lic does not the same mar­ket­ing flex­i­bil­ity and sta­tus-quo as most celebri­ties allow and have. There­fore, com­pared to the av­er­age per­son who starts a busi­ness, celebri­ties al­ready have all the cards and odds stacked in their favor. This means they can have an un­fair ad­van­tage to ex­pose their busi­ness ven­tures and en­dorse­ments and can eas­ily cap­ture a more sig­nif­i­cant amount of mar­ket share than the av­er­age entrepreneur.[53]
Celebri­ties often have fame com­pa­ra­ble to roy­alty. As a re­sult, there is a strong pub­lic cu­rios­ity about their pri­vate af­fairs. The re­lease of Kim Kar­dashian's sex tape with rap­per Ray J in 2003 brought her to a new level of fame, lead­ing to mag­a­zine cov­ers, book deals, and re­al­ity TV se­ries.[54][55]
Celebri­ties may be re­sented for their ac­co­lades, and the pub­lic may have a love/hate re­la­tion­ship with celebri­ties. Due to the high vis­i­bil­ity of celebri­ties' pri­vate lives, their suc­cesses and short­com­ings are often made very pub­lic. Celebri­ties are al­ter­nately por­trayed as glow­ing ex­am­ples of per­fec­tion, when they gar­ner awards, or as deca­dent or im­moral if they be­come as­so­ci­ated with a scan­dal. When seen in a pos­i­tive light, celebri­ties are fre­quently por­trayed as pos­sess­ing skills and abil­i­ties be­yond av­er­age peo­ple; for ex­am­ple, celebrity ac­tors are rou­tinely cel­e­brated for ac­quir­ing new skills nec­es­sary for film­ing a role within a very brief time, and to a level that amazes the pro­fes­sion­als who train them. Sim­i­larly, some celebri­ties with very lit­tle for­mal ed­u­ca­tion can some­times be por­trayed as ex­perts on com­pli­cated is­sues. Some celebri­ties have been very vocal about their po­lit­i­cal views. For ex­am­ple, Matt Damon ex­pressed his dis­plea­sure with 2008 US vice pres­i­den­tial nom­i­nee Sarah Palin, as well as with the 2011 United States debt-ceil­ing cri­sis.[56][57]
American socialite Paris Hilton was one of the first celebrities to be described as 'famous for being famous', she has since expanded her brand into a multibillion-dollar empire
Fa­mous for being fa­mous, in pop­u­lar cul­ture ter­mi­nol­ogy, refers to some­one who at­tains celebrity sta­tus for no par­tic­u­lar iden­ti­fi­able rea­son, or who achieves fame through as­so­ci­a­tion with a celebrity.[58] The term is a pe­jo­ra­tive, sug­gest­ing that the in­di­vid­ual has no par­tic­u­lar tal­ents or abilities.[59] Even when their fame arises from a par­tic­u­lar tal­ent or ac­tion on their part, the term will some­times still apply if their fame is per­ceived as dis­pro­por­tion­ate to what they earned through their own tal­ent or work.
The coinages "famesque" and "celebu­tante" are of sim­i­lar pe­jo­ra­tive gist.
Also known as being in­ter­net fa­mous, con­tem­po­rary fame does not al­ways in­volve a phys­i­cal red car­pet.
A re­port by BBC high­lighted a long­time trend of Asian in­ter­net celebri­ties such as Chi­nese celebrity Wang Hong (birth name Ling Ling).[60] Ac­cord­ing to BBC, there are two kinds of on­line celebri­ties in China—those who cre­ate orig­i­nal con­tent, such as Papi Jiang, who is reg­u­larly cen­sored by Chi­nese au­thor­i­ties for cussing in her videos, and those such as Wang Hong and Zhang Dayi, who fall under the sec­ond cat­e­gory, as they have cloth­ing and cos­met­ics busi­nesses on Taobao, China's equiv­a­lent of Ama­zon.[60]
Most high-pro­file celebri­ties par­tic­i­pate in so­cial net­work­ing ser­vices and photo or video host­ing plat­forms such as YouTube, Twit­ter, Face­book, In­sta­gram, and Snapchat.[61] So­cial net­work­ing ser­vices allow celebri­ties to com­mu­ni­cate di­rectly with their fans, re­mov­ing the mid­dle-man known as tra­di­tional media. So­cial media hu­man­izes celebri­ties in a way that arouses pub­lic fas­ci­na­tion as ev­i­dent by the suc­cess of mag­a­zines such as Us Weekly and Peo­ple Weekly. Celebrity blog­ging have also spawned stars such as Perez Hilton who is well known for not only blog­ging but also out­ing celebri­ties.[62]
So­cial media and the rise of the smart­phone have changed how celebri­ties are treated and how peo­ple gain the plat­form of fame. Not every­thing is as con­cealed as it was back in old Hol­ly­wood be­cause now every­thing is put out on the in­ter­net by fans or even the celebrity them­selves. Web­sites like Twit­ter, Face­book, In­sta­gram, and YouTube allow peo­ple to be­come a celebrity overnight. For ex­am­ple, Justin Bieber got his start on YouTube by post­ing videos of him singing and got dis­cov­ered. All of his fans got di­rect con­tact with his con­tent and were able to in­ter­act with him on sev­eral so­cial media plat­forms. So­cial media has sub­stan­tially changed what it means to be a celebrity. In­sta­gram and YouTube allow reg­u­lar peo­ple to be­come rich and fa­mous all from in­side their home. It also al­lows fans to con­nect with their fa­vorite celebrity with­out ever meet­ing them in per­son. Every­thing is being shared on so­cial media so it makes it harder for celebri­ties to live pri­vate lives.[63]
So­cial media sites have also con­tributed to the fame of some celebri­ties, such as Tila Tequila who be­came known through MySpace.[64]
Members of the House of Windsor on the balcony of Buckingham Palace, 15 June 2013.
An­other ex­am­ple of a celebrity is a fam­ily that has no­table an­ces­tors or is known for its wealth. In some cases, a well-known fam­ily is as­so­ci­ated with a par­tic­u­lar field. For ex­am­ple, the Kennedy fam­ily is as­so­ci­ated with US pol­i­tics; The House of Wind­sor with roy­alty; The Hilton and Roth­schild fam­i­lies with busi­ness; the Jack­son fam­ily with pop­u­lar music; and the Os­bourne, Chap­lin, Kar­dashian, Bald­win, and Bar­ry­more fam­i­lies with tele­vi­sion and film.
Ac­cess to celebri­ties is strictly con­trolled by their en­tourage of staff which in­cludes man­agers, pub­li­cists, agents, per­sonal as­sis­tants, and body­guards. Even jour­nal­ists find it dif­fi­cult to ac­cess celebri­ties for in­ter­views. Writer and actor Michael Musto said, "You have to go through many hoops just to talk to a major celebrity. You have to get past three dif­fer­ent sets of pub­li­cists: the pub­li­cist for the event, the pub­li­cist for the movie, and then the celebrity's per­sonal pub­li­cist. They all have to ap­prove you."[65]
Celebri­ties often hire one or more body­guards (or close pro­tec­tion of­fi­cer) to pro­tect them­selves and their fam­i­lies from threats rang­ing from the mun­dane (in­tru­sive pa­parazzi pho­tog­ra­phers or au­to­graph-seek­ing fans) to se­ri­ous (as­sault, kid­nap­ping, as­sas­si­na­tion, or stalk­ing). The body­guard trav­els with the celebrity dur­ing pro­fes­sional ac­tiv­i­ties (movie shoots or con­certs) and per­sonal ac­tiv­i­ties such as recre­ation and er­rands.
Celebri­ties also typ­i­cally have se­cu­rity staff at their home, to pro­tect them from sim­i­lar threats.[66][67]
Andy Warhol fa­mously coined the phrase "15 min­utes of fame" in ref­er­ence to short-lived pub­lic­ity. Cer­tain "15 min­utes of fame" celebri­ties can be av­er­age peo­ple seen with an A-list celebrity, who are some­times no­ticed on en­ter­tain­ment news chan­nels such as E! News. These per­sons are or­di­nary peo­ple be­com­ing celebri­ties, often based on the ridicu­lous things they do. "In fact, many re­al­ity show con­tes­tants fall into this cat­e­gory: the only thing that qual­i­fies them to be on TV is that they're real."[68]
John Cleese said being fa­mous of­fers some ad­van­tages such as fi­nan­cial wealth and eas­ier ac­cess to things that are more dif­fi­cult for non-fa­mous peo­ple to ac­cess, such as the abil­ity to more eas­ily meet other fa­mous or pow­er­ful peo­ple, but that being fa­mous also often comes with the dis­ad­van­tage of cre­at­ing the con­di­tions in which the celebrity finds them­selves act­ing, at least tem­porar­ily (al­though some­times over ex­tended pe­ri­ods of time), in a su­per­fi­cial, in­au­then­tic fashion.[69]
Com­mon threats such as stalk­ing have spawned celebrity wor­ship syn­drome where a per­son be­comes overly in­volved with the de­tails of a celebrity's per­sonal life.[70] Psy­chol­o­gists have in­di­cated that though many peo­ple ob­sess over glam­orous film, tele­vi­sion, sport and music stars, the dis­par­ity in salaries in so­ci­ety seems to value pro­fes­sional ath­letes and en­ter­tain­ment in­dus­try-based pro­fes­sion­als.[71][72] One study found that singers, mu­si­cians, ac­tors and ath­letes die younger on av­er­age than writ­ers, com­posers, aca­d­e­mics, politi­cians and busi­ness­peo­ple, with a greater in­ci­dence of can­cer and es­pe­cially lung can­cer. How­ever, it was re­marked that the rea­sons for this re­mained un­clear, with the­o­ries in­clud­ing in­nate ten­den­cies to­wards risk-tak­ing as well as the pres­sure or op­por­tu­ni­ties of par­tic­u­lar types of fame.[73]
Fur­ther­more, some have said fame might have neg­a­tive psy­cho­log­i­cal ef­fects, and may lead to in­creas­ingly self­ish ten­den­cies and psychopathy.[74] An aca­d­e­mic study on the sub­ject said that fame has an ad­dic­tive qual­ity to it. When a celebrity's fame re­cedes over time, the celebrity may find it dif­fi­cult to ad­just psychologically.[75]
Re­cently, there has been more at­ten­tion to­ward the im­pact celebri­ties have on health de­ci­sions of the pop­u­la­tion at large.[76] It is be­lieved that the pub­lic will fol­low celebri­ties' health ad­vice to some extent.[77] This can have pos­i­tive im­pacts when the celebri­ties give solid, ev­i­dence-in­formed health ad­vice, how­ever, it can also have detri­men­tal ef­fects if the health ad­vice is not ac­cu­rate enough.
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^ McDonald, Paul (2000). The Star System: Hollywood's Production of Popular Identities. Great Britain: Wallflower. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-903364-02-4.
^ Cleave, Maureen (1966). "How does a Beatle live". London Evening Standard.
^ Miles 1997, p. 295.
^ Korda, Michael (1999). Another Life: A Memoir of Other People. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780679456599.
^ Book of Odds (View Profile). "Odds of Becoming a YouTube Celebrity". DivineCaroline. Archived from the original on January 2, 2012. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
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^ Nader, Ralph (April 16, 2005). "Scientists or celebrities?". Counterpunch. Retrieved November 13, 2009.
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^ a b Pomerantz, Dorothy (May 16, 2016). "Lady Gaga Tops Celebrity 100 List". Forbes. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
^ Pomerantz, Dorothy (August 26, 2013). "Madonna highest-earning celebrity of 2014". Forbes. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
^ https://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2014/06/30/beyonce-knowles-tops-the-forbes-celebrity-100-list/#274f04f57c05
^ "LeBron James enters partnership with State Farm". USA Today. February 13, 2008. Retrieved October 27, 2009.
^ Gise, Molly (January 28, 2010). "McDonald's partners with LeBron James". NRN.com.
^ "The Future of Celebrity Endorsement". Medium. April 19, 2019.
^ "Apple gets stars to set Watch's status". Los Angeles Times. April 24, 2015.
^ Iqbal, Nosheen (November 18, 2018). "That's not just a water bottle – it's a status symbol" – via www.theguardian.com.
^ "Ronaldo: Former Brazil striker buys controlling stake in Real Valladolid". BBC. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
^ "Paul Newman Donates Salad Dressing Ownership To Charity". Look to the Stars. June 11, 2008. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
^ Forbes.com. "Oprah Winfrey – The Forbes 400 Richest Americans". Forbes.
^ "Oprah tops list of highest paid TV stars". Reuters. July 25, 2007. Retrieved August 22, 2009. Oprah Winfrey, host and supervising producer of "The Oprah Winfrey Show," earns an estimated $260 million a year, according to a list in TV Guide magazine's July 23 issue.
^ "Hotbox". Toronto Star. August 5, 2008.
^ "Madonna Is Worth A Whopping $1 Billion". Starpulse.com. March 27, 2013. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
^ "Hip-Hop's Wealthiest Artists – Curtis "50 Cent" Jackson". Forbes. March 27, 2013. Retrieved October 29, 2013.
^ "50 Cent". Interview Magazine. December 14, 2009. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
^ "Artist, Icon, Billionaire: How Jay-Z Created His $1 Billion Fortune". Forbes. June 3, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
^ Mike Ozanian (September 17, 2013). "Jay Z Set To Get $1.5 Million For His Barclays Center Stake". Forbes. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
^ "1. Sean "Diddy" Combs ($700 million)".
^ Greenburg, Zack O'Malley (April 15, 2013). "The Forbes Five: Hip-Hop's Wealthiest Artists 2013". Forbes. Forbes Publishing. Retrieved October 25, 2013.
^ Martha Stewart Forbes profile
^ Miller, Matthew. "In Pictures: The Wealthiest Black Americans – Earvin "Magic" Johnson, Jr". Final Call. Retrieved October 29, 2013.
^ Badenhausen, Kurt (September 23, 2010). "America's Richest Athletes". Forbes. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
^ "Magic Johnson cinema becomes the new Rave". WAVE. June 29, 2011. Archived from the original on January 26, 2012. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
^ Williams, Lance (August 17, 2003). "Schwarzenegger worth $100 million, experts say". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved April 18, 2008.
^ Schwarzenegger, Arnold (May 10, 2011). "Arnold and Maria's Surprise Split: How Much is at Stake in Divorce?". Extratv.warnerbros.com. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
^ Matthews, Mark (April 15, 2006). "Gov. Schwarzenegger's Tax Returns Released". Abclocal.go.com. Archived from the original on July 28, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
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^ Hirsch, S (2007). ""Kim Kardashian Superstar Featuring Ray J" 18 U.S.C. 2257 Compliance Records". Vivid Entertainment LLC. – 18 U.S.C. 2257 Compliance Records.
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Intimate photos were stolen from many celebrities' phones.
Из телефонов многих знаменитостей были украдены фотографии интимного характера.
This woman saw an opportunity to exploit your celebrity and your connections.
Эта женщина увидела возможность использовать твою известность и твои связи.
They will not demand the frivolous celebrity provided by coverage in the major international media.
Они не будут требовать пустой славы, раздуваемой крупными международными средствами массовой информации.
Dbnary: Wiktionary as Linguistic Linked Open Data
{ noun существительное женского рода }
Only the most popular celebrities appear on cards though
Обычно на них появляются только самые знаменитые люди.
prominent person who commands some degree of public fascination and appears in the media
{ noun существительное женского рода }
Well, it looks like he's turned that into a little celebrity for himself.
Ну, похоже, он обернул всё небольшой популярностью для самого себя.
(countable) A person who has a high degree of recognition by the general population; a famous person.
(uncountable) Fame, renown; the quality of being a celebrity.
HeiNER - the Heidelberg Named Entity Resource
Intimate photos were stolen from many celebrities' phones.
Из телефонов многих знаменитостей были украдены фотографии интимного характера.
celebrate
отметить, отмечать, отправлять, отпраздновать, поздравлять с праздником, пра́здновать, праздновать, прославить, прославлять, славить, справить, справиться, справля́ть, справлять, торжествовать, чествовать
celebrate oneself
отпраздновать самого себя
celebrated
выдающийся, знамени, знаменитый, известный, отпразднованная, отпразднованное, отпразднованные, отпразднованный, прославленный, тый
Celebrating Mountain Women
Деятельность в интересах женщин, проживающих в горных районах
We're not doing the celebrity thing anymore.
A famous tale about Inugami Gunbei was published in "The Idler", London in October 1892: One day Inugami Gunbei, a celebrated teacher of the Kyushin school, met Onogawa Kisaburō, the most famous wrestler of the time, in a teahouse.
When Alan B. Shepard became the first American in space, the whole nation celebrated.
In recent years, the island has become known internationally for its celebrity visitors.
Two days ago, the Republic of Armenia celebrated the twentieth anniversary of its independence.
More or less everybody from the Agricultural College had gone home to celebrate the Coronation with their families.
Yeah, Lena's on a short list for a position in the Commerce Department in D.C., so we're celebrating.
In Chicago, the CFM-USA joined local members at the celebration of the sixtieth anniversary of CFM.
In that regard, the celebration in 1999 of the United Nations Year of Dialogue among Civilizations underscored that globalization was not only an economic, financial and technological process that could offer great benefits; it also presented us with the challenge of preserving and celebrating the rich cultural diversity of humankind and indigenous civilizations.
You'll find Thomas Edison listed on Celebrity Atheists, on Positive Atheism, and other atheist websites, but he wasn't an atheist.
Protests turning to celebration tonight as New York City residents rejoice in Anna's decision to stay.
8 Hezekiah invited all of Judah and Israel to a great Passover celebration, followed by the seven-day Festival of Unfermented Cakes.
In April 2015, Celebrity's oldest ship, the Celebrity Century departed the fleet.
We need to be reminded that the right to food is a fundamental right and is enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, whose sixtieth anniversary we are celebrating this year.
A festive evening was held on March 28 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the United Nations Association of Russia.
It was regrettable that the celebration of the anniversary of the Human Rights Covenant had not received greater coverage, as it could have made a significant contribution to awareness-raising activities
Celebration of the sixtieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: report of the Third Committee ( # dd # ) # (f)]
Jiro Ohmizu translated 50+ tweets from celebrities abroad into Japanese on his site.
Many other travelers are also on their way up to Jerusalem for the annual Passover celebration.
Celebrate, as well, the resumption of negotiations between MERCOSUR and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) with the aim to create a free trade zone
Did this have any implications for those celebrants of Pentecost?
All this said, let' s celebrate this great event together
Last year, Luis Sallés evoked the central reason for the March 8 celebration with a cartoon published on the website Cinismo Ilustrado.
▪ The Memorial celebration will be held on Tuesday, April 2, 1996.
Показаны страницы 1. Найдено 234 предложения с фразой celebrity.Найдено за 3 мс.Накопители переводов создаются человеком, но выравниваются с помощью компьютера, что может вызвать ошибки. Они приходят из многих источников и не проверяются. Будьте осторожны.

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