Cat Vagina
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Cat Vagina
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Home Lifestyle Your Cat Has a Clitoris, and 5 Other Things You Didn’t Know About Cat Genitalia
A brown tabby cat looking surprised and shocked. Photography by dk_photos/Thinkstock.
Your Cat Has a Clitoris, and 5 Other Things You Didn’t Know About Cat Genitalia
11 thoughts on “Your Cat Has a Clitoris, and 5 Other Things You Didn’t Know About Cat Genitalia”
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One day I was thinking about the marvel that is the reproductive system and how ours differ from that of others, and the thought occurred to me, “Hmm, I wonder, do cats have a clitoris?” Since I’m a total science nerd, I had to research the answer to this question. Before long, I found myself down a marvelous rabbit hole of strange and awesome facts about cat genitalia — and because I’m such a nerd, I just had to share this all with you! So here are some of the things I learned about cat genitalia:
Intact male cats have rows of tiny, backward-pointing barbs on the head of the penis. When a male cat is neutered, the barbs disappear.
Like most mammals, a female cat’s clitoris is located on the inside. It’s very close to the opening of the vagina, but it’s not quite as exposed as the human clitoris. However, knowing the location of the clitoris, I can’t help but imagine that those penile barbs cause a pain unlike anything I’d ever want to experience.
A cat’s uterus has two “horns” coming off the main body of the organ. The kittens grow inside these uterine horns, and each developing kitten and its placenta is held in its place as it grows by a special sac called the allantois-chorion.
Actually, most placental mammals have a penis bone. Known as the baculum (Latin for “stick” or “staff”), this bone helps to keep the penis rigid and inside the female for as long as possible.
Although a female cat in heat is ready to mate, she doesn’t actually release eggs from her ovaries until after mating. It’s currently thought that the pain caused by the barbs on the tomcat’s penis when he pulls out causes ovulation.
In its regular state, the cat’s penis faces backwards, toward the end of the tail. Even when erect, the penis doesn’t come much farther forward. This, and the fact that a tomcat’s fully erect penis is only about two inches long, is probably why the female cat adopts a sway-backed position during mating: She’s doing the best she can to make it easy for the male cat’s penis to reach her vagina.
Tell us: Do you know any other odd facts about cat genitalia? Are you as geekishly fascinated by this subject as I am, or are you just wishing you could unsee what you just read? Share your thoughts in the comments!
Thumbnail: Photography by dk_photos/Thinkstock.
About JaneA Kelley: Punk-rock cat mom, science nerd, animal shelter volunteer, and all-around geek with a passion for bad puns, intelligent conversation, and role-play adventure games. She gratefully and gracefully accepts her status as chief cat slave for her family of feline bloggers, who have been writing the cat advice column, Paws and Effect , since 2003. JaneA dreams of making a great living out of her love for cats.
Read more about feline genitalia on Catster.com:
JaneA is the webmaster and chief cat slave for Paws and Effect, an award-winning cat advice blog written by her cats, for cats and their people. She is a professional member of the Cat Writers’ Association, and has been a speaker at the BlogPaws and Cat Writers’ Association conferences. In addition to blogging about cats, JaneA writes contemporary urban fantasy, and whatever else strikes her fancy.
Thanks very much for the valuable information. I am also a proud nerd and love to learn especially science. I have 2 female sibling kittens at 8 months and both are now in heat. Just trying to collect as much info as possible and this was great !!
How much jizz could I expect to find in the average cat load? Asking for a friend as they are finding alarming and substantial ‘stains’ in random places throughout the house. As you can imagine this is rather concerning, they are finding between 5 and 7 ‘stains’ per day.
Great article. I am a crazy cat woman and a nerd. So I love interesting stuff like this. My cat has a discharge and I am trying to understand her anatomy to determine where it’s coming from.
What an informative article this is! Really great article & appreciate your thoughts also. Thanks a lot for your great info.
I don’t know how I got here, but that was interesting to know anyways! (I already knew the barb thing though, I thought that was common knowledge, not the rest of that though!)
You wrote barbs disappear when cat is neutered. Does it mean lack of testosterone causes them to disappear?
So interesting, JaneA! This is simply fascinting stuff, but then I love cats too and often find myself dropping down similar rabbit holes in search of…
I love to read your posts and always learn something new. LOVED you post How to Play with Your Cat the Right Way, 9 Ways to Turn Your Scaredy Cat into a Confident Kitty, The Cat Headbutt, and so many more.
Thank you so much for your comment. You just made my day! I’ll find some similar rabbit holes to fall down in the future. :-)
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A mass protruding from a cat's vaginal area is referred to as vaginal hyperplasia and prolapse. The condition is similar in nature to fluid-filled tissue (edema). If serious, it can prevent normal urination. Vaginal hyperplasia affects cats all ages, although it is found more commonly in younger animals. The outcome is positive for most cats, but the chance of the condition recurring is high.
Vaginal hyperplasia and prolapse can affect both dogs and cats. If you would like to learn more about how this disease affects dogs please visit this page in the PetMD pet health library.
There are several signs that may be noticed with this medical disorder, including the licking of the vaginal area, unwillingness to copulate, and painful urination (dysuria).
Type 1 hyperplasia occurs when there is a slight protrusion of the mass, even though it does not exit the vulva itself. Type 2 hyperplasia, on the other hand, is when the vaginal tissue actually protrudes through the vulvar opening. Type 3 hyperplasia refers to the donut-shaped mass which can be seen externally.
Upon physical examination, a round mass may be noticed protruding the cat's vulvar area. A vaginal examination will be performed to determine the severity and type of the condition. The cat's tissue may feel dry to the touch.
Treatment is typically done on an outpatient basis. If there is a protruding mass, it is important to keep the area clean and watch for problems urinating, as they are common. The recurrence rate of vaginal hyperplasia following treatment is high (66-100%).
If your cat is unable to urinate, this is a sign of a serious medical condition and should be treated immediately, as there may be complications with the cat's urethra.
There are currently no prevention methods for this medical condition.
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Veterinary
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Reproductive Disorders of Cats
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The Gonads and Genital Tract of Cats
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The Ovaries
The Testes
The Female Genital Tract
The Male Genital Tract
Introduction to Reproductive Disorders of Cats
The Gonads and Genital Tract of Cats
Reproductive Disorders of Male Cats
Reproductive Disorders of Female Cats
Last full review/revision Aug 2018 | Content last modified Sep 2022
The Ovaries
The Testes
The Female Genital Tract
The Male Genital Tract
Copyright © 2022 Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Introduction to Reproductive Disorders of Cats
Copyright © 2022 Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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, DVM, PhD, DACT, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Both sexes have a pair of sexual organs or gonads (ovaries or testes), the main functions of which are to produce eggs or sperm, respectively, and hormones.
Ovaries are female gonads that produce eggs and female sexual hormones, including estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is necessary for the development of eggs, and progesterone prepares the uterus for pregnancy. Once puberty is reached and the cat starts having estrous (heat) cycles, the size and form of the ovaries change. Within the ovary, a special group of cells called a follicle surrounds each egg.
The estrous cycle begins when follicle stimulating hormone causes follicles to grow, leading to maturation of eggs. Follicle stimulating hormone also stimulates the production and release of estrogen. Cats are induced ovulators, which means that the mechanical stimulation of the vagina and cervix during mating causes the release of luteinizing hormone from the brain, which stimulates the ovary to release the eggs (a process called ovulation). Progesterone, which is released from the ovaries, prepares the uterus for pregnancy and the mammary glands for milk production. Estrogen and progesterone are required for the development of female characteristics and sexual behavior.
Estrual cycling is seasonal in cats and is controlled by light. Cats require at least 12 hours of light in order to have estrous cycles. In the Northern Hemisphere, under natural lighting, cats reproduce in the spring and summer, with reduced or absent cycling during the shorter days of winter. Cats that are kept indoors under artificial light will tend to have heat periods more often than cats housed under natural lighting conditions.
The testes are male gonads that produce sperm and male sexual hormones. Sperm maturation is stimulated by the production and release of follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone. During ejaculation, sperm are transported from the testes through the ductus deferens (narrow tubes connecting the testicles to the urethra). Testosterone is required for development and function of accessory glands (such as the prostate), sexual organs, male sex characteristics, and sexual behavior. For normal sperm production, testes must descend into the scrotum (a pouch of skin outside the abdomen), because normal body temperature is too high for sperm to develop normally. The function of the testicles can be assessed by an evaluation of semen samples and hormonal tests. In addition, testicle examination and measurement can help evaluate fertility and may reveal reproductive diseases.
The female genital tract consists of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, oviducts, and ovaries. The oviducts (also called Fallopian tubes) are small tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus. The end of the uterus is called the cervix. It separates the uterus from the vagina and provides a barrier against infection. The vagina, a muscular tube that extends from the cervix to the outside, is connected to the vulva, which is the external opening of the female genitals. Oviducts are associated with each ovary. After ovulation, mature eggs are transported to the uterus via the oviducts. Secretion of fluid in the tubes provides a proper environment for survival of the mature egg, fertilization, and the first few critical days of embryonic life. The proper functioning of the uterus and cervix are also required for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy.
Infections may cause female infertility because they interfere with the proper function of the uterus. Infertility in female cats can be diagnosed through various tests, including x-rays, ultrasonography, abdominal examination, evaluation of vaginal cells and discharge, and blood tests. The vagina and vulva serve as the copulatory organ and as the last part of the birth canal. They also provide a route for infections, particularly when the vulva cannot function properly due to trauma, relaxation, or deformities.
In male cats, the genital tract provides a pathway for semen, which contains the sperm cells. The epididymis connects the testicle to the ductus deferens, which carries ejaculated sperm to the urethra. Sperm mature and are stored in the epididymis. The accessory sex glands, such as the prostate, create the fluid portion of semen. Cancer and inflammation of the genital tract can be diagnosed by several means, including physical examination, laboratory tests, and ultrasonography. Other diseases or abnormal functioning can be diagnosed by testing semen samples. Reproductive tract disease in male cats is very uncommon.
Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA is a global healthcare leader working to help the world be well. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. The Merck Veterinary Manual was first published in 1955 as a service to the community. The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Veterinary Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Manual outside of North America.
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