Cassieopia

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Cassieopia
Queen Cassiopeia is a mortal woman in Greek mythology most known for angering the god of sea and earthquakes, Poseidon . The ancient Greeks named a constellation after her, which is seen year round in the shape of a W and located in the northern sky. Her constellation is part of a group of several other constellations and is still recognized as one of the 88 modern constellations.
Cassiopeia (pronounced Kass-ee-oh-PEE-uh) has a few different stories surrounding her origin. According to some, she was the daughter of Coronus, a human male, and a water nymph named Zeuxo. Other sources say she was a nymph herself. Still one other writer, the Greek poet Nonnus, says that she was the daughter of Aeolus, who was a son of Hellen and a sea nymph named Orseis. What they all agree on is that she was either part or full sea nymph, and she was very beautiful.
Cassiopeia married Cepheus and became queen of Ethiopia. She and King Cephus had a daughter, whom they named Andromeda. Princess Andromeda inherited her mother’s great beauty, and Queen Cassiopeia boasted that she and her daughter were more beautiful than all the sea nymph daughters of the god Nereus. As with any other mortal who had boasted about being greater in any way than the gods, this did not fare well for Cassiopeia and Andromeda.
In response to her vain arrogance, Poseidon decided to punish both mother and daughter. Some accounts say that he caused Ethiopia to flood, while others say he called upon the sea monster Cetus to destroy the country. The stories are all clear though that, whatever the details of his punishment were, his intention was to completely destroy Ethiopia in response to Cassiopeia’s vanity and arrogance.
In an attempt to appease the wrath of Poseidon, Cepheus and Cassiopeia consulted an oracle, which told them they would need to sacrifice their daughter Andromeda. Andromeda’s death would have been a huge devastation to Queen Cassiopeia, but the choice was to either let the country be destroyed or to sacrifice the princess. Andromeda was then chained to a rock in the sea and left to be eaten by Cetus the next time he appeared to wreak havoc on the coast.
Luckily for Andromeda, the ending of her story is better than her mother’s. Perseus, a Greek hero, was nearby after having killed Medusa and heard about Andromeda’s fate. Intrigued by her story and legend of her great beauty, Perseus came to investigate. He arrived in time to see the sea monster rising up from the deep toward the unfortunate princess.
Perseus managed to kill the monster using the severed head of Medusa and save Andromeda. They were married soon after and lived a full life together, producing nine children. At the end of her life, Andromeda was placed in the sky as a constellation by the goddess Athena so she could spend eternity with her husband Perseus, who was also awarded a place in the sky because of his heroic deeds.
While Poseidon decided not to punish Andromeda further, he could not allow Queen Cassiopeia to go unpunished. He sat her on her own throne, which he caused to be placed in the heavens. Because of her position in the night sky, half of the time her chair hangs upside down, forcing her to cling to the throne to avoid falling off. She will spend all of eternity in torture as a constellation because no mortal can claim to be better than a god and not face fierce retribution.
Some sources disagree about the story behind the constellation Cassiopeia. There are some sources that say the constellation is just a testament to Perseus’s adventures and is not actually the tortured queen at all. In either case, either Cassiopeia or her likeness hangs in the sky near Andromeda and Perseus as a constant reminder of their stories and as a warning against vanity and pride. Another constellation in that portion of the sky was also named after Cassiopeia’s husband, King Cepheus, though legends do not explain how or why he was placed among the stars with the rest of his family.
The gods in the Greek pantheon have a reputation for jealousy. Many problems encountered by characters in Greek mythology stem from a jealous god, either jealous of each other or of mortals. Their jealousy ranges from relationships to status to mortals seeming in any way better than them. The story of Queen Cassiopeia is yet another example of humans incurring the wrath of the gods and was told as a warning to Greek citizens to stay humble and always treat the gods with respectful worship.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere

^ γ Cas is variable and occasionally brighter than α.

^ Delporte had proposed standardising the constellation boundaries to the International Astronomical Union, who had agreed and gave him the lead role [13]

^ While parts of the constellation technically rise above the horizon to observers between the latitudes of 12°S and 43°S, stars within a few degrees of the horizon are to all intents and purposes unobservable. [11]

^ Objects of magnitude 6.5 are among the faintest visible to the unaided eye in suburban-rural transition night skies. [16]




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48 constellations listed by Ptolemy after 150 AD
The 41 additional constellations added in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries
Obsolete constellations (including Ptolemy's Argo Navis)
Cassiopeia ( listen ) is a constellation in the northern sky named after the vain queen Cassiopeia , mother of Andromeda , in Greek mythology , who boasted about her unrivaled beauty. Cassiopeia was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century Greek astronomer Ptolemy , and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. It is easily recognizable due to its distinctive ' W ' shape, formed by five bright stars.

Cassiopeia is located in the northern sky and from latitudes above 34°N it is visible year-round. In the (sub)tropics it can be seen at its clearest from September to early November, and at low southern, tropical, latitudes of less than 25°S it can be seen, seasonally, low in the North.

At magnitude 2.2, Alpha Cassiopeiae , or Schedar, is generally the brightest star in Cassiopeia, though it is occasionally outshone by the variable Gamma Cassiopeiae , which has reached magnitude 1.6. The constellation hosts some of the most luminous stars known, including the yellow hypergiants Rho Cassiopeiae and V509 Cassiopeiae and white hypergiant 6 Cassiopeiae . In 1572, Tycho Brahe's supernova flared brightly in Cassiopeia. [4] Cassiopeia A is a supernova remnant and the brightest extrasolar radio source in the sky at frequencies above 1 GHz. Fourteen star systems have been found to have exoplanets , one of which— HR 8832 —is thought to host seven planets. A rich section of the Milky Way runs through Cassiopeia, containing a number of open clusters , young luminous galactic disc stars, and nebulae . IC 10 is an irregular galaxy that is the closest known starburst galaxy and the only one in the Local Group of galaxies.

The constellation is named after Cassiopeia, the queen of Aethiopia . Cassiopeia was the wife of King Cepheus of Aethiopia [4] and mother of Princess Andromeda . Cepheus and Cassiopeia were placed next to each other among the stars, along with Andromeda. She was placed in the sky as a punishment after enraging Poseidon with the boast that her daughter Andromeda was more beautiful than the Nereids or, alternatively, that she herself was more beautiful than the sea nymphs. [5] She was forced to wheel around the North Celestial Pole on her throne, spending half of her time clinging to it so she does not fall off, and Poseidon decreed that Andromeda should be bound to a rock as prey for the monster Cetus . Andromeda was then rescued by the hero Perseus , whom she later married. [6] [7]

Cassiopeia has been variously portrayed throughout her history as a constellation. In Persia, she was drawn by al-Sufi as a queen holding a staff with a crescent moon in her right hand, wearing a crown, as well as a two-humped camel. In France, she was portrayed as having a marble throne and a palm leaf in her left hand, holding her robe in her right hand. This depiction is from Augustin Royer 's 1679 atlas. [6]

In Chinese astronomy , the stars forming the constellation Cassiopeia are found among three areas: the Purple Forbidden enclosure (紫微垣, Zǐ Wēi Yuán ), the Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武, Běi Fāng Xuán Wǔ ), and the White Tiger of the West (西方白虎, Xī Fāng Bái Hǔ ).

The Chinese astronomers saw several figures in what is modern-day Cassiopeia. Kappa, Eta, and Mu Cassiopeiae formed a constellation called the Bridge of the Kings; when seen along with Alpha and Beta Cassiopeiae, they formed the great chariot Wang-Liang . The charioteer's whip was represented by Gamma Cassiopeiae, sometimes called "Tsih", the Chinese word for "whip". [6]

In Hindu Mythology , Cassiopeia was associated with the mythological figure Sharmishtha – the daughter of the great Devil (Daitya) King Vrishparva and a friend to Devayani ( Andromeda ).

In Welsh Mythology Llys Dôn (literally "The Court of Dôn") is the traditional Welsh name for the constellation. At least three of Dôn's children also have astronomical associations: Caer Gwydion ("The fortress of Gwydion ") is the traditional Welsh name for the Milky Way , and Caer Arianrhod ("The Fortress of Arianrhod ") being the constellation of Corona Borealis . [8]

In the 17th century, various Biblical figures were depicted in the stars of Cassiopeia. These included Bathsheba , Solomon's mother; Deborah , an Old Testament prophet; and Mary Magdalene , a follower of Jesus . [6]

A figure called the "Tinted Hand" also appeared in the stars of Cassiopeia in some Arab atlases. This is variously said to represent a woman's hand dyed red with henna , as well as the bloodied hand of Muhammad 's daughter Fatima . The hand is made up of the stars α Cas , β Cas , γ Cas , δ Cas , ε Cas , and η Cas . The arm is made up of the stars α Per , γ Per , δ Per , ε Per , η Per , and ν Per . [6]

Another Arab constellation that incorporated the stars of Cassiopeia was the Camel. Its head was composed of Lambda, Kappa, Iota, and Phi Andromedae; its hump was Beta Cassiopeiae; its body was the rest of Cassiopeia, and the legs were composed of stars in Perseus and Andromeda. [6]

Other cultures see a hand or moose antlers in the pattern. [9] These include the Sámi , for whom the W of Cassiopeia forms an elk antler. The Chukchi of Siberia similarly saw the five main stars as five reindeer stags. [6]

The people of the Marshall Islands saw Cassiopeia as part of a great porpoise constellation. The main stars of Cassiopeia make its tail, Andromeda and Triangulum form its body, and Aries makes its head. [6] In Hawaii , Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Cassiopeiae were named. Alpha Cassiopeiae was called Poloahilani , Beta Cassiopeiae was called Polula , and Gamma Cassiopeiae was called Mulehu . The people of Pukapuka saw the figure of Cassiopeia as
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