Carlota Teen
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Carlota Teen
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Empress Charlotte, by Santiago Rebull, 1867. Currently at the Museo Nacional de Arte , Mexico City .
Portraits of Emperor Maximilian and Empress Charlotte of Mexico by Albert Gräfle , 1865.
^ Charlotte kept the island of Lokrum among her personal property. Due to his sister's dementia, King Leopold II was appointed guardian and took charge of the maintenance of the property for a few years before the island of Lokrum was placed under the administration of the intendant of the imperial civil list of Austria. Then, possession of the island passed in 1880 to Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria , only son of Emperor Franz Joseph I. After Rudolph's death, the imperial family sold the island to the House of Windisch-Graetz . Upon her marriage to Prince Otto Weriand of Windisch-Graetz in 1902, Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria (Rudolf's only daughter) received the island as a wedding gift. [28]
^ The proponents of this view [77] [78] pointed to a child born in Brussels on 23 January 1867 and declared of unknown parentage as Charlotte's illegitimate child, but this date of birth did not coincide with Charlotte's presence in Brussels (she had been confined to Miramare since October 1866 where she stayed until July 1867). This son would become the future French general Maxime Weygand . As an adult, Weygand did indeed share a certain physical resemblance to Alfred van der Smissen, which some took as evidence of Empress Charlotte and van der Smissen's affair. This theory was disproved by Dominique Paoli [79] and presented in a television program by Alain Decaux . Historian André Castelot , [80] revealed that King Leopold III of Belgium had personally confirmed to him that "Weygand is the son of van der Smissen". King Leopold II of Belgium (for whom van der Smissen would later become aide-de-camp) provided protection for the child from a distance, providing funds which enabled him to be adopted by a family in Nimal, and then by the French Weygand family. Paoli claimed to have found evidence that Maxime Weygand was the illegitimate child of Alfred van der Smissen and Princess Melanie Marie von Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein , Charlotte's lady-in-waiting and daughter of Austrian diplomat and politician Prince Klemens von Metternich . Paoli further claimed that Weygand had been born in mid-1865, not January 1867 as is generally claimed. [79]
^ The Moniteur belge wrongly assures: " Brussels , 14 August 1866. H.M. the Empress of Mexico is expected from time to time in Brussels. It is assured that the August traveler expressed the desire that no official honor be returned on her arrival and on her departure". [83]
^ In reality, Charlotte only slept for a few hours in the pontifical library before being escorted back to a hotel at nightfall. [84]
^ Among the care provided, the press mentions "a treatment by electricity" adding: "This wonderful agent, who has not said his last word, gains every day new success in the cure of mental ailments and especially of lypemania". [98]
^ Agustín died in Washington, D.C. , United States on 3 March 1925, and Salvador died in Ajaccio, Corsica on 26 February 1895.
^ Austria-Hungary was one of the chief allies of the German Empire during World War I .
^ Upon her arrival to Miramare Castle in October 1866, Charlotte is examined by psychiatrist Josef Gottfried von Riedel, Director of the insane house of Vienna and by doctor August von Jilek , personal doctor of the Emperor of Austria, who co-signs a report addressed to her brother Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders . [69] This report stated that their patient "is definitely suffering from insanity with fixed ideas of persecution which are produced by a more serious and stronger mental illness than one might first believe".
^ Jump up to: a b c Huberty & Giraud 1976 , p. 508.
^ Kerckvoorde 1981 , pp. 24–25.
^ Jump up to: a b Defrance 2004 , pp. 134–135.
^ Bilteryst 2014 , p. 21.
^ Bilteryst 2014 , p. 23.
^ Kerckvoorde 1981 , p. 25.
^ Bilteryst 2014 , p. 37.
^ Bilteryst 2014 , p. 42.
^ Bilteryst 2014 , p. 38.
^ Émile Meurice (2004). Charlotte et Léopold II de Belgique : deux destins d'exception entre histoire et psychiatrie (in French). Liège: Éditions du CEFAL. p. 56. ISBN 2-87130-168-9 .
^ Kerckvoorde 1981 , p. 26.
^ Kerckvoorde 1981 , p. 27.
^ Kerckvoorde 1981 , p. 32.
^ Bilteryst 2014 , p. 51.
^ Bilteryst 2014 , pp. 69–70.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bilteryst 2014 , p. 70.
^ Jump up to: a b Paoli 2008 , pp. 37–38.
^ Jump up to: a b Paoli 2008 , p. 40.
^ Jump up to: a b Defrance 2012 , p. 5.
^ Jump up to: a b Vankerkhoven 2012 , p. 25.
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 64.
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 60.
^ Kerckvoorde 1981 , p. 61.
^ Defrance 2012 , p. 7.
^ Jump up to: a b Defrance 2012 , p. 6.
^ Kerckvoorde 1981 , p. 62.
^ Kerckvoorde 1981 , p. 69.
^ Desternes 1964 , p. 112. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDesternes1964 ( help )
^ Vankerkhoven 2012 , p. 27.
^ Kerckvoorde 1981 , p. 64.
^ Defrance 2012 , p. 9.
^ Victor Capron (1986). Le Mariage de Maximilien et Charlotte. Journal du duc de Brabant (1856–1857) . Brussels.
^ M. M. McAllen (April 2015). Maximilian and Carlota. Europe's Last Empire in Mexico . p. 33. ISBN 978-1-59534-263-8 .
^ Vankerkhoven 2012 , p. 28.
^ Lacerda Martins de Almeida 1973 , p. 122.
^ Jump up to: a b Lacerda Martins de Almeida 1973 , p. 123.
^ McAllen 2014 , p. 36.
^ Vankerkhoven 2012 , p. 29.
^ M. M. McAllen (April 2015). Maximilian and Carlota. Europe's Last Empire in Mexico . pp. 119–123. ISBN 978-1-59534-263-8 .
^ M. M. McAllen (April 2015). Maximilian and Carlota. Europe's Last Empire in Mexico . p. 123. ISBN 978-1-59534-263-8 .
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 229.
^ Castelot 2002 , pp. 229–231.
^ M. M. McAllen (April 2015). Maximilian and Carlota. Europe's Last Empire in Mexico . p. 124. ISBN 978-1-59534-263-8 .
^ Castelot 2002 , pp. 231–238.
^ Castelot 2002 , pp. 240–243.
^ Castelot 2002 , pp. 250–256.
^ Castelot 2002 , pp. 262–263.
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 264.
^ Castelot 2002 , pp. 271–272.
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 273.
^ Kerckvoorde 1981 , p. 113.
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 278.
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 279.
^ Kerckvoorde 1981 , p. 116.
^ Castelot 2002 , pp. 283–287.
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 287.
^ Jump up to: a b Castelot 2002 , p. 316.
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 363.
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 365.
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 366.
^ Jump up to: a b José Manuel Villalpando; Alejandro Rosas (2011). Presidentes de México (in Spanish). Grupo Planeta Spain. n.p. ISBN 9786070707582 .
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 310.
^ Jacqueline Hons (November 1981). "La légion belge au Mexique". Revue Ami (in French) (26).
^ McAllen 2014 , p. 207.
^ Eugène Lefèvre (1869). Histoire de l'Intervention Française au Mexique . Brussels. p. 260.
^ McAllen 2014 , p. 377.
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 369.
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 383.
^ Jump up to: a b Kerckvoorde 1981 , pp. 167–168.
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 384.
^ Carlota de Bélgica (2011). Viaje a Yucatan [ Trip to Yucatan ] (in Spanish) (1st ed.). México: Conaculta. ISBN 978-607-455-680-3 .
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 392.
^ Bilteryst 2014 , p. 212.
^ Léon Niox 1874 , p. 550.
^ Castelot 2002 , pp. 403–405.
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 427.
^ Jump up to: a b Christian Laporte (17 December 2008). "Charlotte, impératrice mélancolique" . lalibre.be (in French) . Retrieved 17 July 2021 .
^ Christian Laporte (20 October 2003). "Histoire - Léopold II n'était pas le père du général Weygand, de parents connus..." lesoir.be (in French) . Retrieved 17 July 2021 .
^ Jump up to: a b Dominique Paoli (2003). Maxime ou le secret Weygand . Les racines de l'histoire (in French). Brussels: Racine.
^ Castelot 2002 , pp. 602–610.
^ Bilteryst 2014 , p. 165.
^ Kerckvoorde 1981 , pp. 191–196.
^ Belgique (August 1866). "Partie non officielle - Intérieur" . Le Moniteur belge (in French). p. 4495 . Retrieved 17 July 2021 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d Bilteryst 2014 , p. 166.
^ "La première femme qui a dormi au Vatican" . dhnet.be (in French) . Retrieved 17 July 2021 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f De terugkeer van Charlotte Paperback. Juli 1867 – een delicate opdracht voor baron Adrien Goffinet, Université de Genève
^ Bilteryst 2014 , pp. 166–168.
^ Kerckvoorde 1981 , p. 210.
^ Defrance 2012 , p. 36.
^ Defrance 2012 , p. 18.
^ Defrance 2012 , p. 33.
^ Defrance 2012 , p. 37.
^ Defrance 2012 , p. 68.
^ "La section congolaise de l'Exposition internationale de Bruxelles de 1897" . cehibrux.be (Cercle d'histoire de Bruxelles) (in French) . Retrieved 18 July 2021 .
^ Bilteryst 2014 , p. 170.
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 621.
^ Vankerkhoven 2012 , p. 90.
^ "Faits divers" . Journal de Bruxelles (in French): 1. 2 August 1867.
^ Kerckvoorde 1981 , p. 261.
^ Castelot 2002 , pp. 627–628.
^ Bilteryst 2014 , p. 298.
^ G. Freddy (1905). Léopold II intime – les origines de Leopold II, le prince héritier, le père de famille, le roi bâtissieur, Leopold II et la politique, le roi du Congo, l'homme privé (in French). Paris: Librairie Félix Juven. .
^ Kerckvoorde 1981 , p. 269.
^ Jump up to: a b "Les funérailles de la princesse Charlotte". Le Patriote Illustré (in French). 43 (5): 66–73. 30 January 1927.
^ Kerckvoorde 1981 , p. 270.
^ Kerckvoorde 1981 , p. 272.
^ M. M. McAllen (April 2015). Maximilian and Carlota. Europe's Last Empire in Mexico . p. 408. ISBN 978-1-59534-263-8 .
^ "L'impératrice Charlotte et la guerre" . Le Bruxellois (in French) (189): 2. 16 March 1916.
^ Krysheida Ayub Unzón (2019). "TESIS. Discurso de un personaje: Carlota de Bélgica en la obra de Fernando del Paso" (PDF) (in Spanish). UABCS . p. 47.
^ José Iturriaga De la Fuente (1992). Escritos mexicanos de Carlota de Bélgica (in Spanish). Editorial Banco de México. p. 98. ISBN 978-9-6861-2006-6 .
^ Susanne Igler; Roland Spiller (2001). Más nuevas del imperio: Estudios interdisciplinarios acerca de Carlota de México (in Spanish). Vervuert. pp. 115–117. ISBN 978-3-9645-6269-2 .
^ Jump up to: a b Luis Weckmann; Emile Vandewoude (1989). Carlota de Bélgica : correspondencia y escritos sobre México en los archivos europeos, 1861-1868 (in Spanish). Mexico: Porrúa. p. 250. ISBN 978-9-6845-2358-6 . OCLC 700646299 .
^ Castelot 2002 , p. 636.
^ "La princesse Charlotte : une princesse qui a perdu la tête" . rtbf.be (La Première) (in French) . Retrieved 19 July 2021 .
^ Omer Vandeputte; Filip Devos (2007). Gids voor Vlaanderen : toeristische en culturele gids voor alle steden en dorpen in Vlaanderen (in Dutch). Lannoo . p. 841. ISBN 9789020959635 . Retrieved 19 July 2021 .
^ Wim van der Elst (2003–2004). "Edwin Ganz (1871 – 1948) : van schilder van militaire taferelen tot schilder van paarden en Brabantse landschappen uit onze streek" (PDF) (in Dutch). 15 . LACA-Tijdingen: 27–37 . Retrieved 19 July 2021 . {{ cite journal }} : Cite journal requires |journal= ( help )
^ "Kasteel van Bouchout" . meise.be (in Dutch) . Retrieved 19 July 2021 .
^ Denis Diagre-Vanderpelen (2012). Le jardin botanique de Bruxelles 1826-1912 – reflet de la Belgique, enfant de l'Afrique (in French). Brussels: Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium . pp. 256–264. ISBN 978-2-8031-0294-5 . .
^ "Château de Bouchout" . hbr.fgov.be (in French). Archived from the original on 15 September 2015 . Retrieved 19 July 2021 .
^ "Le Château : une atmosphère unique" . plantentuinmeise.be (Jardin botanique de Meise) (in French) . Retrieved 19 July 2021 .
^ Joan Haslip (1972). The Crown of Mexico: Maximilian and his Empress Carlota (2nd ed.). New York. ISBN 0030865727 .
^ "Courrier des États-Unis" . Journal de Bruxelles (in French): 3. 20 July 1867.
^ Paoli 2008 , p. 71.
^ Roger Heim (1978). Champignons toxiques et hallucinogènes (in French). Paris: Boubée. ISBN 2-85004-013-4 .
^ Paoli 2008 , p. 80.
^ Vankerkhoven 2012 , p. 17.
^ Vankerkhoven 2012 , pp. 23–24.
^ Vankerkhoven 2012 , p. 37.
^ Damien Bilteryst (2013). Le prince Baudouin: Frère du Roi-Chevalier (in French). Brussels: Éditions Racine. pp. 255–258. ISBN 978-2-87386-847-5 .
^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie (1866), Genealogy p. 2 (in German).
^ Jose Vicente de Bragança (2014). "Agraciamentos Portugueses Aos Príncipes da Casa Saxe-Coburgo-Gota" [Portuguese Honours awarded to Princes of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]. Pro Phalaris (in Portuguese). 9–10 : 10 . Retrieved 28 November 2019 .
^ "Real orden de Damas Nobles de la Reina Maria Luisa" . Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish): 183. 1900 . Retrieved 21 March 2019 .
^ "Medea de Novara" . Internet Movie Database . Retrieved 27 January 2015 .
^ "Bette Davis Is Empress In 'Juarez' " . The Register-Guard . Retrieved 27 January 2015 .
^ "Aquellos años" . Internet Movie Database . Retrieved 19 November 2019 .
^ "Maximilien. Ouverture - Darius Milhaud (1892-1974) – Ressources de la Bibliothèque nationale de France" . data.bnf.fr (in French). 1932 . Retrieved 22 July 2021 . .
^ Almudena Mejỉas Alonso, Historias de un Imperio: Maximiliano y Carlota de México (in Spanish). Madrid, Verbum, 2016, p. 45.
^ Maritza Contreras (13 September 2012). "A escena Carlota de Habsburgo, la emperatriz de la mentira" . www.excelsior.com.mx (Excelsior) (in Spanish) . Retrieved 22 July 2021 .
^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine : "Centro Cultural Tijuana - La Emperatriz de la Mentira Ensayo Abierto" (video) . YouTube (in Spanish) . Retrieved 22 July 2021 . .
^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine : "Telenovela Carlota y Maximiliano (1965)" . YouTube . Retrieved 27 January 2015 .
^ "Maximilian von Mexiko" . Internet Movie Database . Retrieved 19 November 2019 .
^ Christian Laporte (13 November 1993). "Un docu historique à partir d'une intéressante correspondance de la famille royale. Max et Carlotta" . lesoir.be (in French) . Retrieved 22 July 2021 .
^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine : "1/2 Entrevista Virtual, Emperatriz Carlota de México (Charlotte de Belgique)" . YouTube . Retrieved 27 January 2015 .
^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine : "2/2 Entrevista Virtual, Emperatriz Carlota de México (Charlotte de Belgique)" . YouTube . Retrieved 27 January 2015 .
^ "Sisi" . Internet Movie Database . Retrieved 18 November 2019 .
^ Dominique Bonnet (8 December 2019). "Charlotte et Sissi, deux belles-sœurs et deux impératrices que tout oppose" . parismatch.com (in French) . Retrieved 22 July 2021 .
^ Olivier Delcroix (1 September 2018). "La case BD : Charlotte Impératrice ou le destin tragique d'une "anti-Sissi" " . lefigaro.fr (Le Figaro) (in French) . Retrieved 22 July 2021 .
^ Valentin Paquot (29 August 2020). "La case BD : Charlotte Impératrice ou quand la BD magnifie l'histoire par la romance" . lefigaro.fr (Le Figaro) (in French) . Retrieved 22 July 2021 .
^ "El general Vicente Riva Palacio escribe Adiós, Mamá Carlota" [General Vicente Riva Palacio writes Adiós, Mamá Carlota] (in Spanish) . Retrieved 25 May 2022 .
^ Frédéric Saenen (25 June 2020). "Charlotte et Maximilien, "Ce couple heureux que l'Histoire eût dû oublier..." " . le-carnet-et-les-instants.net (Le Carnet et les Instants) (in French) . Retrieved 22 July 2021 .
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charlotte of Belgium, Empress of Mexico .
Cadet branch of the House of Wettin
Generations are numbered by descent from King Leopold I of Belgium .
*The Royal Decree of 2 December 1991 gave titles to husbands and children of any Princess of Belgium by birth †The Belgian Court of Appeal granted the princely titles to Delphine Boël and her children on 1 October 2020
Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished and outlawed in 1919.
*also an infanta of Spain by marriage ; ** also a princess of Tuscany by marriage ; ^ also an archduchess of Austria in her own right
Charlotte of Belgium ( Marie Charlotte Amélie Augustine Victoire Clémentine Léopoldine ; 7 June 1840 – 19 January 1927), known by the Spanish version of her name, Carlota , was by birth a Princess of Belgium and member of the House of Wettin in the branch of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as such she was also styled Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duchess in Saxony). As the wife of Archduke Maximilian of Austria , Viceroy of Lombardy–Venetia and later Emperor of Mexico , she became Archduchess of Austria (in 1857) and Empress consort of Mexico (in 1864). She was daughter, granddaughter, sister, sister in-law, cousin and wife of reigning or deposed sovereigns throughout Europe and Mexico.
Since the beginning of her marriage, she feuded with Empress Elisabeth in Vienna , and was glad when her husband was posted to Italy as Viceroy of Lombardy–Venetia. At this time, he was selected by the Emperor Napoleon III as a figurehead for his proposed French Empire in Mexico , and Charlotte overcame her husband's doubts about the plan. Maximilian and Charlotte (known by the Spanish Carlota ) duly arrived to Mexico City in 1864, but their reign lasted a little over two years. She assisted her husband, who let her rule as regent during his absences from Mexico. When Emperor Napoleon III ordered the withdrawal of French military aid intended to support Maximilian, the situation of the Mexican imperial couple became untenable.
On her own initiative, Charlotte decided to go personally to Europe in order to attempt a final approach to Paris and the Vatican . She landed in France in August 1866, but suffered the successive refusals of both Emperor Napoleon III and Pope Pius IX . In Rome, the failure of her mission appeared to compromise her mental health to the point that an alienist doctor advocated the confinement of Charlotte in Miramare Castle . It was during her stay under house arrest that Emperor Maximilian was deposed and executed by Benito Juarez in June 1867. Unaware that she was now a widow, Charlotte was brought back to Belgium and confined successively in the Pavilion de Tervueren (in 1867 and again during 1869–1879), the Palace of Laeken (during 1867–1869) and finally at Bouchout Castle in Meise (from 1879), where she remained for the next 48 years in a deleterious mental state , giving rise to much speculation ever since, before dying in 1927 aged 86.
Marie Charlotte Amélie Augustine Victoire Clémentine Léopoldine of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, better known under the name Charlotte , was the daughter of King Leopold I of Belgium and Louise of Orléans . Her first name pays homage
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