California and the Federal Government

What the California-federal government relationship looks like and what it reveals

The Relationship

The California-federal government relationship in 2025 is the relationship that the specific combination of the largest state by population and economic output and the federal government whose policy the state most consistently challenges has produced across multiple administration changes. California has been the primary litigant against federal administration actions across the past decade regardless of the party in office.

The Specific Conflicts

The specific conflicts: the Clean Air Act waiver that allows California to set more stringent vehicle emissions standards than the federal baseline; the specific Medicaid waiver negotiations; and the immigration enforcement relationship that has produced the specific sanctuary jurisdiction conflict. Each represents the specific expression of the federalism question -- what can a state government do when it disagrees with the federal government -- that California has been testing most consistently.

Surf Revolt Coverage

Surf Revolt covers the California-federal relationship because the accountability journalism of federalism requires examining the specific cases where the constitutional division of authority is being tested, and because California is the state that is testing it most consistently and with the most resources.

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