Cali Doe
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^ Democrat & Chronicle
^ "Press release" (PDF) . Livingston County, New York : Livingston County Sheriff's Office. November 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 7, 2012 . Retrieved May 27, 2012 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "NamUs UP # 6583" . Unidentified Persons Database . National Missing and Unidentified Persons System (NamUs) . Retrieved May 27, 2012 .
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^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Police ID 'Jane Doe' found in Livingston Co. cornfield in 1979" . January 26, 2015 . Retrieved January 26, 2015 .
^ Bryant, Vaughn M.; Jones, Gretchen D. (February 28, 2006). "Forensic palynology: Current status of a rarely used technique in the United States of America" (PDF) . Forensic Science International . Elsevier Ireland. 163 (3): 183–197. doi : 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.11.021 . PMID 16504436 . Archived from the original (PDF) on January 22, 2016 . Retrieved February 27, 2014 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Dobbin, Ben (October 4, 2006). "Pollen produces new clue in 1979 slaying" . USA Today . Rochester, New York . The Associated Press . Retrieved May 27, 2012 .
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^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Bryant, Vaughn (August 3, 2009). "Forensic Palynology: Why It Works" (PDF) . Trace Evidence Symposium 2009 . National Forensic Science Technology Center. pp. 34–42 . Retrieved May 28, 2012 .
^ Baker, Conrad (January 26, 2015). "Tammy Jo's Portrait Artist Sheds Light on Solving Mystery" . Genesee Sun . Geneseo, NY . Archived from the original on February 2, 2015 . Retrieved January 27, 2015 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d Serena, Katie (December 4, 2019). "The "Confession Killer" Claimed He Killed 600 Women — Was Tammy Jo Alexander One Of Them?" . All That's Interesting . Retrieved January 7, 2020 .
^ Jump up to: a b c Craig, Gary (January 30, 2015). "Sister of 'Cali' hoped she had fled turbulent home" . Democrat & Chronicle . Rochester, NY . Retrieved January 30, 2015 .
^ " " Barbara Jenkins, 56" Homemaker" . Lakeland Ledger . January 22, 1998. p. B3 . Retrieved January 31, 2015 .
^ Jump up to: a b Leader, Matt (June 10, 2015). "A soul worthy of remembering: Tammy Jo's family, friends say goodbye at graveside remembrance ceremony" . Livingston County News . Retrieved June 26, 2015 . [ permanent dead link ]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Poole, Andrew (November 10, 2011). "Livingston County Sheriff's Office trying to solve 32-year-old Caledonia murder" . The Evening Tribune . Hornell, New York . Archived from the original on June 29, 2013 . Retrieved May 27, 2012 .
^ Jump up to: a b c Craig, Gary (January 31, 2015). "Never forgotten: The identification of Tammy Jo" . Democrat & Chronicle . Rochester, NY . Retrieved January 31, 2015 .
^ Jump up to: a b "Case NCMU1102079: JANE DOE1979" . Unidentified Children . National Center for Missing and Exploited Children . Archived from the original on June 22, 2012 . Retrieved May 27, 2012 .
^ Jump up to: a b c "Unidentified Homicide Victim (Caledonia)" . Livingston County, New York : Livingston County Sheriff's Office. 2012 . Retrieved May 27, 2012 .
^ "Murdered Girl's Identity a Mystery" (PDF) . The Palladium-Times . Oswego, New York . Associated Press . January 19, 1980. p. 12 . Retrieved October 2, 2013 . [ permanent dead link ]
^ Jump up to: a b "Authorities use technology to solve Jane Doe murder, more tips sought" . Lake & Valley Clarion . Geneseo, New York . November 16, 2006. p. 2 . Retrieved October 2, 2013 .
^ Voorhees, Seth (August 23, 2006). "Unsolved Case Gets New Help" . R News . Rochester, New York . Archived from the original on October 4, 2008 . Retrieved October 1, 2013 .
^ Gruba, Mark (May 1, 2012). "Jane Doe cold case gets new life" . WROC-TV . Rochester, New York . Archived from the original on May 4, 2012 . Retrieved May 27, 2012 .
^ Jump up to: a b Leader, Matt (November 14, 2014). "Search for identity continues in 35-year-old mystery" . Livingston County News . Retrieved June 26, 2015 . [ permanent dead link ]
^ Jump up to: a b Bryant, Vaughn M. (2009). "Palynology" (PDF) . In Jamieson, Allan; Moenssens, Andre (eds.). Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science . Portsmouth, United Kingdom : John Wiley & Sons . pp. 1954–1968. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 5, 2013 . Retrieved October 2, 2013 .
^ Masterson, J. (October 4, 2007). "Casuarina equisetifolia" . Indian River Lagoon Species Inventory . Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce . Retrieved October 2, 2013 .
^ Jump up to: a b Contreras, Russell (May 1, 2012). " ' Southwest pollen' linked to Livingston County cold case" . The Daily News . Batavia, New York . The Associated Press . Archived from the original on October 2, 2013 . Retrieved October 1, 2013 .
^ Jump up to: a b Domingues, Cristina (January 26, 2015). "Sister of Tammy Jo Finally Has Answers" . Time Warner Cable News . Retrieved January 27, 2015 .
^ Ingles, Jackquilene (January 27, 2015). "Tammy Jo Alexander's family is disputing claims their family never filed a missing person report" . ABC Action News . ABC. Archived from the original on February 1, 2015 . Retrieved January 29, 2015 .
^ Jump up to: a b Adams, Lynette (January 26, 2015). "Sister of 'Caledonia Jane Doe': Missing persons report was filed, our family did care" . WHEC-TV . Rochester, NY . Retrieved January 27, 2015 .
^ Ingles, Jacqueline (January 26, 2015). "Tammy Jo Alexander, a teen who went missing from Brooksville in 1979, has been identified" . ABC Action News . ABC. Archived from the original on January 30, 2015 . Retrieved January 26, 2015 .
^ "1979 murder victim's family speaks out" . News 10NBC . NBC. January 27, 2015 . Retrieved January 27, 2015 .
^ Ingles, Jacqueline (June 10, 2015). "Tammy Jo Alexander went missing from Brooksville in 1979; teen found murdered in upstate NY" . ABC Action News . ABC. Archived from the original on June 26, 2015 . Retrieved June 26, 2015 .
^ Jump up to: a b "Tammy Jo Alexander's family thanks community 30 years later" . News 10 . NBC. June 14, 2015. Archived from the original on January 25, 2016 . Retrieved June 26, 2015 .
^ "New audio clips share voice of Tammy Jo Alexander, found dead in 1979" . WHAM . CBS. November 10, 2020 . Retrieved November 16, 2020 .
^ Jump up to: a b Ingles, Jacqueline (January 26, 2015). "Tammy Jo Alexander, a teen who went missing from Brooksville in 1979, has been identified" . ABC Action News . ABC. Archived from the original on January 22, 2016 . Retrieved February 4, 2016 .
^ Rudd, Nicki (June 10, 2015). "Ceremony in Livingston County remembers Tammy Jo Alexander" . News 10NBC . NBC . Retrieved June 26, 2015 .
^ "Unidentified Female Found on 11/10/1979 Near Caledonia, New York" . fbi.gov . FBI . 2013. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016 . Retrieved March 31, 2015 .
^ Leader, Matt (February 27, 2015). "FBI, Sheriff's Office use billboards to gain new leads in Caledonia killing" . Livingston County News . Retrieved June 26, 2015 . [ permanent dead link ]
^ Jump up to: a b Flasch, Jane (January 27, 2016). "DNA of 3 men being tested in 1979 murder of Tammy Jo Alexander" . WHAM New York . ABC . Retrieved February 4, 2016 .
^ Craig, Gary (March 18, 2015). "Prison ministry part of investigation into Tammy Jo killing" . Democrat & Chronicle . Gannett . Retrieved June 26, 2015 .
^ "Did N.Y. cold case murder victim have ties to Ga.?" . Crimesider . CBS. March 19, 2015 . Retrieved February 4, 2016 .
^ Craig, Gary (November 2016). "3 men tested for DNA match in Tammy Jo homicide" . Democrat & Chronicle . USA Today Network . Retrieved May 5, 2019 .
^ Santora, Sally (January 30, 2015). "Retired deputy recalls discovery of 'Jane Doe' in Caledonia" . Livingston County News . Retrieved June 26, 2015 . [ permanent dead link ]
^ "Finding Tammy Jo" .
^ Craig, Gary. "Tammy Jo: From love-struck teen to homicide victim" .
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Tammy Jo Alexander (November 2, 1963 – November 9, 1979) was an American homicide victim found in the town of Caledonia, New York , on November 10, 1979. [2] [3] [4] She had been fatally shot twice and left in a field just off U.S. Route 20 near the Genesee River after running away from her home in Brooksville, Florida earlier that year. For more than three decades, she remained unidentified under the name Caledonia Jane Doe or " Cali Doe " until January 26, 2015, when police in Livingston County, New York announced her identity 35 years after her death. [5]
Alexander was 16 years old when murdered, though her age was not clear to investigators at the time. Most potential forensic evidence was washed away by heavy rain on the night she died, but they knew she had come to the Caledonia area from a distant, warmer locale because she had tan lines on her upper body. Advances in technology allowed investigators to make use of rapidly improving and new forensic techniques to evaluate trace evidence they had collected and, following a successful DNA extraction from her remains in 2005 and a palynological analysis of Alexander's clothing, [6] they concluded that she had spent time in Florida, southern California, Arizona, or northern Mexico prior to her death. [7] [8] [9] Later analysis of isotopes in her bones would lend further support to this conclusion. In addition, a portrait was made of her based on a facial reconstruction, in the hopes that someone would recognize her image, and it was uploaded to an online public database in 2010.
Identification was achieved based on a combination of factors; in 2014, a renewed search for her by a close high school friend and Alexander's half-sister resulted in the filing of a new missing persons report with police in Hernando County, Florida , as she had not been seen or heard from since the late 1970s. The artist of the reconstructed photo, a moderator at the Websleuths online community, notified the Livingston County Sheriff's Office about a potential match between the two pictures, and in 2015 a follow-up mitochondrial DNA ( MtDNA ) analysis confirmed a match with Alexander's half-sister based on the DNA results from 2005. [10]
Alexander's case was well-publicized in the time she was unidentified, and the Livingston County police continued to process thousands of leads from the public. [7] The investigation stalled in 1980, leading county officials to arrange for her burial as "Unidentified Girl" at Greenmount Cemetery in Dansville, New York . In 1984, serial killer Henry Lee Lucas confessed to the crime, but his statement was not considered credible. [5] The perpetrator remains unidentified. [11]
Tammy Jo Alexander was born in Atlanta, Georgia on November 2, 1963, and attended high school in Brooksville, Florida . Pamela Dyson, Alexander's half-sister, believes that Alexander left to escape a turbulent household. Dyson had a different father from Alexander, and, after about age 11, she lived with her paternal grandmother. She said that Alexander's biological father was not really part of the younger girl's life; she grew up with their mother and a stepfather. Their mother had become addicted to prescription medication and was emotionally volatile, erupting into temper tantrums. "She did prescription drugs," Dyson said of her mother, Barbara. "She was suicidal. I think she had issues back then that they didn't diagnose." [12]
Alexander's mother, Barbara Jenkins, had worked as a waitress at a truck stop, and was joined by Alexander when she was a teenager. Alexander had a history of running away in this period. Her friend Laurel Nowell said that they had sometimes hitchhiked together with truckers, once traveling all the way to California together. When they got there, Nowell called her parents, and they paid for airline tickets for both girls so they could return to Florida. [12] Jenkins died on January 17, 1998, at the age of 56. Her obituary had listed Alexander as deceased, which the family had assumed to be the case by that time. [13]
Until the identification, Dyson believed that her half-sister had made a new life somewhere away from her mother and stepfather. She had hoped that it included a happy household, with a husband and children. "I thought she just wanted to go away and start all over," Dyson said. [14]
Alexander was discovered on the morning of November 10, 1979, by a farmer in Caledonia, New York , 23 miles (37 km) southwest of the city of Rochester . The farmer saw red clothing in one of his corn fields near the Genesee River and went to investigate, believing that he had spotted a trespassing hunter. Instead, he found the body of a young woman and notified police soon after. [7] [15]
Alexander was fully clothed and showed no signs of sexual assault . Investigators initially ruled that she had died from a severe hemorrhage caused by two gunshot wounds , one to the head over the right eye and one to the back. The wound to the head indicated she had apparently not turned or flinched, a common phenomenon of a headshot, and the entry wound suggested complete surprise. [16] With her pockets turned inside out to indicate that any identification she carried had been removed, the investigators later named her "Caledonia Jane Doe" or "Cali Doe" as they worked to identify her. [7] [8]
The autopsy by the medical examiner indicated that Alexander had first been shot in the head while next to the road bordering the cornfield, at or near a blood spot found on the ground. She was dragged into the cornfield, where she was shot again in the back and left for dead. Heavy rains on the night of Alexander's death washed away a large portion of potential forensic evidence , such as physical and DNA traces of the perpetrator on her body and clothes. [7] [8] [15]
In the 1980s, John York, who had been one of the first Livingston County deputy sheriffs on the scene in 1979, was elected sheriff . He served in the job until 2013, and ensured that the Cali Doe investigation remained active. [5] Before she was identified, Alexander was estimated to have died between the ages of 13 and 19 (born sometime between 1958 and 1967). [17] She was also estimated to be 5 feet 3 inches (1.60 m) and 120 pounds (54 kg). [17] [18] Alexander was described as having brown eyes and wavy, light brown shoulder-length hair that had been lightened in the front about four months prior to her death and was growing out. Her hair appeared to have been dyed from blonde to brown, [16] and her toenails were painted with coral-colored polish . [3]
Alexander had visible tan lines from a halter top or bikini , indicating that she may have come from a region with abundant October–November sunshine, as sun tanning beds were uncommon in the 1970s and Upstate New York was not considered warm or sunny enough for such tanning during that period. [8] [15] There were freckles on the back of her shoulders and acne on her face and chest. [3]
The teeth were in natural condition, with no restorations or fillings. It did not appear as if she had ever received dental care. Some of Alexander's permanent first and second molars suffered from severe dental caries (cavities and decay). Consistent with her young appearance, none of her permanent third molars ( wisdom teeth ) had erupted. [3] Her blood type was A−. [3] Several hours before her death, Alexander had eaten sweet corn, potatoes, and boiled, canned ham. This was possibly from a diner in nearby Lima , where a waitress had seen her eating with an adult man. [8] [19] At the time of exhumation, several of the victim's teeth were sent for mineralogical and forensic isotope analysis. The composition of her teeth could be linked to the composition and mineral content of regional drinking water supplies around North America, allowing investigators to determine where she may have been raised. [20] [21] Early results on the dental 18 O / 16 O isotopic oxygen ratio indicated that she may have spent her early years in the south/southwest region of the United States. [20]
Alexander was wearing a red nylon-lined man's windbreaker jacket with black stripes down the arms, marked inside with the label "Auto Sports Products, Inc.", a boy's multicolored plaid button-up shirt with collar, tan corduroy pants ( size 7 ), blue knee socks, white bra ( size 32C ), [3] and blue panties. [18] She wore brown ripple-soled shoes. The red Auto Sports Products jacket was produced as a one-time promotional item and could not be traced after distribution. [8] She also wore a silver necklace with three small turquoise stones. The necklace had a homemade appearance and resembled replica Native American jewelry made in the southwestern United States . [15] [22] Attached to her pants' front belt loops were two metal keychains, one shaped like a heart with a key-shaped cutout and inscribed with the words, "He who holds the Key can open my heart", the other shaped like a key meant to fit the cutout in the heart. [15] [18] The keychains were sold at vending machines along the New York State Thruway , leading investigators to conclude that she and her killer had traveled that route. [16]
In 2006, forensic palynology was conducted on the clothing worn by the victim. Paul Chambers, a recently hired investigator in the Monroe County, New York medical examiner 's office, asked for and received permission to send her clothing to the Palynology Laboratory at Texas A&M University . [7] Among the types of pollen found on the clothing by the Texas A&M researchers were grains from Casuarina (Australian pine, or "she oak"), Quercus (oak), Picea (spruce), and Betula (birch). The clothing pollen grains were compared to a control sample of pollen grains taken directly from the rural New York site where the body had been found in 1979. [7] [9] [23]
Oak grows widel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Tammy_Alexander
https://www.monstersandcritics.com/tv/true-crime/unsolved-murder-of-tammy-alexander-aka-cali-doe-investigated-by-on-the-case-with-paula-zahn/
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Cali Doe
