Cabinet Secretary
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Cabinet Secretary
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Cabinet Office and Prime Minister's Office,10 Downing Street, Simon Case appointed as Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Civil Service, press release, 1 September 2020, www.gov.uk/government/news/simon-case-appointed-as-cabinet-secretary-and-head-of-the-civil-service
241, The Cabinet Office and the Centre of Government, Lords Constitution Committee, 6 January 2010, https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200910/ldselect/ldconst/30/3006.htm#a28
CSQ interview: Sir Mark Sedwill, Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Civil Service, Civil Service Quarterly , 13 February 2020, https://quarterly.blog.gov.uk/2020/02/13/the-csq-interview-sir-mark-sedwill-cabinet-secretary-and-head-of-the-civil-service/
Blair picks security services co-ordinator, The Guardian , 21 June 2002, www.theguardian.com/politics/2002/jun/21/uk.military
Senior officials 'high earners' salaries as at 30 September 2019, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/866327/150k-2019-Master1__4_.csv/preview
The cabinet secretary is the most senior civil service adviser to the prime minister and cabinet. Their formal role is to support and advise on the running of cabinet and cabinet committees and to support the government in reaching a collective agreement on policies. They often act as one of the prime minister’s senior advisers on the working of government and on major policy decisions . They also work very closely with the most senior ministers in government, advising the prime minister on priority issues and ensuring that the rest of the civil service works to deliver those priorities.
The relationship between the prime minister and cabinet secretary, and how they decide to work together, makes a big difference to the cabinet secretary’s influence [1] .The role of cabinet secretary is the most senior in the civil service. It is usually the post-holder’s last within the civil service, though Edward Bridges, who was cabinet secretary during the Second World War, stayed on to become permanent secretary to the Treasury for ten years.
The current cabinet secretary is Simon Case, replacing Sir Mark Sedwill who stepped down in September 2020. Case has been the private secretary to the Duke of Cambridge and most recently was the permanent secretary at Number 10.
Like Sedwill, Simon Case has not held a major economic or Treasury role, unlike many previous cabinet secretaries. Unlike Sedwill, he has not run a department himself or taken the lead on a major project. However, he does have significant experience at the centre of government as the principal private secretary to David Cameron and Theresa May, and as head of Cameron’s implementation unit in the Cabinet Office. .
The modern cabinet secretary has to cover a number of different functions. In 2015 former cabinet secretary Sir Jeremy Heywood identified eight roles:
Secretary to the cabinet
This role involves helping prepare the agenda and papers for cabinet and cabinet committees, supporting ministerial chairs with the process of collective decision making. They are supported in this role by the cabinet secretariat in the Cabinet Office. Departments or the centre propose items for discussion, but the prime minister ultimately decides the agenda for cabinet. The cabinet secretary and their team prepare the papers, minute the discussion, decisions and agreements. The cabinet secretary oversees cross-Whitehall correspondence and papers where decisions need collective agreement.
Many cabinet secretaries, including Heywood, Sedwill and now Simon Case, have also been head of the civil service, which involves:
Often, but not always. After Sir Gus O’Donnell stepped down as cabinet secretary in 2011 his role was split, with Sir Bob Kerslake becoming the separate head of the civil service, and Sir Jeremy Heywood succeeding as cabinet secretary. However, Heywood took over from Kerslake in 2014, again combining the two posts. The cabinet secretary is supported in this position by the chief executive of the civil service or, from 2020, a chief operating officer, currently Alex Chisholm.
Yes, former cabinet secretary Sir Mark Sedwill was also the national security adviser .
Sedwill kept this role when he became cabinet secretary. Although he argued the roles were complementary, and many of his predecessors combined the functions, Sedwill was criticised for holding three demanding roles – cabinet secretary, head of the civil service and national security adviser – at the same time. Simon Case does not hold the role of national security adviser. David Frost, chief Europe negotiator and adviser, took over the role after Sedwill’s departure in September 2020
Former cabinet secretaries during the Cold War were also senior advisers on intelligence matters and on nuclear war planning. It was only in 2002 that the role of intelligence and security co-ordinator was made distinct from the cabinet secretary [2] .The cabinet secretary is also the accounting officer for the Single Intelligence Account, the funding of the UK’s three main intelligence agencies.
No. Sir Mark Sedwill was appointed National Security Adviser in 2017 and kept this role when he became cabinet secretary. Sedwill has been criticised for holding three demanding roles – cabinet secretary, head of the civil service and national security adviser – at the same time, but he has argued the roles are complementary [3] and many of his predecessors combined the functions.
Former cabinet secretaries during the Cold War were also senior advisers on intelligence matters and on nuclear war planning. It was only in 2002 that the role of intelligence and security coordinator was made distinct from the cabinet secretary [4] .The cabinet secretary is also the accounting officer for the Single Intelligence Account, the funding of the UK’s three main intelligence agencies.
There is no standard process for appointing a cabinet secretary. Many former cabinet secretaries were appointed directly by the prime minister, sometimes on the recommendation of the outgoing cabinet secretary. In recent years, some cabinet secretary appointments have involved a slightly more formal process with the prime minister interviewing a range of candidates.
The appointment process is overseen by the first civil service commissioner, who is responsible for regulating civil service recruitment. As with any other civil service position, the cabinet secretary’s appointment must be ‘on merit on the basis of fair and open competition’ according to the 2010 Constitutional Reform and Governance Act, and should not be a political appointment.
The first civil service commissioner (Ian Watmore) led a competition to appoint a new cabinet secretary after Sedwill stood down, inviting existing or former permanent secretaries to apply for the role. Reporting at the time suggested that Simon Case did not apply, but was asked to take on the job directly by the prime minister.
As of September 2019, the cabinet secretary was paid between £210,000 and £214,999, which was the fifth highest paid civil service role in the Cabinet Office [5] .
Under the principle of ministerial accountability, it is government ministers who are accountable to parliament for the actions of the government, including the officials working for them. As such, the cabinet secretary is effectively held to account via the ministers they work for, primarily the prime minister who is also Minister for the Civil Service.
But like other senior officials, the cabinet secretary does appear before parliamentary select committees in their own right to answer questions on their work. The Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee (PACAC) has questioned Sir Mark Sedwill and his predecessor, Sir Jeremy Heywood, a number of times in recent years, on topics including Brexit preparations, the effectiveness of the civil service and the role of the cabinet secretary.
The government’s Lead Non-Executive Director is responsible for the annual appraisal of the cabinet secretary. They gather and deliver feedback from ministers and senior civil servants that work alongside the cabinet secretary.
Ministers are not generally able to fire civil servants. This principle is to protect the impartiality of the civil service, though ministers have at times complained that this undermines their control over departments and too easily protects poor performance.
However, without the confidence of the prime minister a cabinet secretary would find their position untenable. When relationships have broken down in the past, differences have usually played out in private, though both Richard Wilson as cabinet secretary and Sir Bob Kerslake as head of the home civil service found themselves subject to negative briefings in the media. No cabinet secretary has ever been forced from their role.
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A Cabinet Secretary is almost always a senior official ( almost always a civil servant ) who provides services and advice to a Cabinet of Ministers . In many countries , the position can have considerably wider functions and powers , including general responsibility for the entire civil service . Most countries with Cabinet Secretaries take the British position as a model .
The title of Cabinet Secretary may also be used as an alternative term for a cabinet minister , usually a political appointee , in Japan , Scotland and the United States .
In Australia , the equivalent position is the Secretary of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet , although both the Department and its secretary have wider responsibilities than in most other governments derived from the Westminster System .
In Canada , the equivalent position is the Clerk of the Privy Council , who functions as Deputy Minister to the Prime Minister of Canada and heads the Privy Council Office . Canada ' s provinces and territories also have equivalent officials as the head of their respective public services , as in the list below: * Ontario : Secretary of the Cabinet , Clerk of the Executive Committee and Head of the Ontario Public Service . * Québec : Secrétaire général du Conseil exécutif ( Secretary General of the Executive Council ) * Nova Scotia : the head of the civil service is the Clerk of the Executive Council , while the Secretary to the Cabinet is a separate position . * New Brunswick : Clerk of the Executive Council and Secretary to Cabinet * Prince Edward Island : the head of the civil service is the Clerk of the Executive Council , while the Premier ' s Principal Secretary advises the Premier and Cabinet on matters of policy and strategy * Newfoundland and Labrador : Clerk of the Executive Council and Secretary to the Cabinet * Saskatchewan : Deputy Minister to the Premier and Cabinet Secretary * Alberta : Deputy Minister of Executive Council and Secretary to the Cabinet * British Columbia : Deputy Minister to the Premier and Cabinet Secretary * Yukon : Cabinet Secretary and Deputy Minister of the Executive Council Office * Northwest Territories : Secretary to the Cabinet * Nunavut : Secretary to Cabinet http: // www . pco - bcp . gc . ca / default . asp ? Page = Publications & Language = E & doc = Decision / decision _ e . htm
The Cabinet Secretariat is under the direct charge of the Prime Minister . The administrative head of the Secretariat is the Cabinet Secretary who is also the ex - officio Chairman of the Civil Services Board , and thus the head of the Indian Administrative Service .
In practical terms though , the Cabinet Secretary is the head of all the civil services under the constitution . Thus , he is the head of all the premier services including the Indian Police Service ( IPS ) and the Indian Foreign Service ( IFS ).
The Cabinet Secretary is in theoretical and practical terms , the most senior IAS officer in the country , and is appointed by the Prime Minister of India just before his retirement , for a minimum period of two years . His tenure however , can be extended .
The Cabinet Secretary ranks eleventh in the Table of Precedence of India .
The current Cabinet Secretary is Mr . K . M . Chandrasekhar , a Kerala cadre IAS officer of the 1970 batch .
In the Government of India ( Allocation of Business ) Rules , 1961 " Cabinet Secretariat " finds a place in the First Schedule to the Rules . The subjects allotted to this Secretariat are , firstly , secretarial assistance to Cabinet and Cabinet Committees , and secondly , the administration of the Rules of Business .
The Cabinet Secretariat is responsible for the administration of the Government of India ( Transaction of Business ) Rules , 1961 and the Government of India ( Allocation of Business ) Rules 1961 , facilitating smooth transaction of business in Ministries / Departments of the Government by ensuring adherence to these rules . The Secretariat assists in decision - making in Government by ensuring Inter - Ministerial coordination , ironing out differences amongst Ministries / Departments and evolving consensus through the instrumentality of the standing / adhoc Committees of Secretaries . Through this mechanism new policy initiatives are also promoted .
The Cabinet Secretariat ensures that the President of India , the Vice - President and Ministers are kept informed of the major activities of all Departments by means of a monthly summary of their activities . Management of major crisis situations in the country and coordinating activities of the various Ministries in such a situation is also one of the functions of the Cabinet Secretariat .
In the Republic of Ireland , the position of Cabinet Secretary is officially titled Secretary - General to the Government ( previously titled " Secretary to the Government "), and is also Secretary - General of the Department of the Taoiseach , somewhat analogous to the Cabinet Office in the United Kingdom . This department provides the secretariat to the Cabinet and co - ordinates the Government Press Office . It also has some policy functions with regard to key areas such as Northern Ireland , economic policy , and public service modernisation . The role is modeled on , and is broadly similar to the UK equivalent , though in recent times has become more constrained by the seven year time limit placed on Secretaries General in the mid - 1990s following the introduction of the Strategic Management Initiative .
In Israel , the Cabinet Secretary ( also called the Government Secretary ) heads an office responsible for preparing the agenda of cabinet meetings and facilitating communication between ministers . The Secretariat is also responsible for presenting government - initiated bills to the Knesset and for conducting certain press briefings . The Secretary is appointed on the recommendation of the Prime Minister , with the current Secretary being Israel Maimon .
In Japan , the office of Chief Cabinet Secretary has been made into a ministerial post , being held by a member of the House of Representatives . This is unusual , as most countries give the position to a civil servant . The Chief Cabinet Secretary performs much the same role as other Cabinet Secretaries , however & mdash ; he or she is responsible for overseeing the administrative operations of Cabinet , and presiding over the Cabinet Secretariat . The post has the added function of being the government ' s chief press secretary .
In New Zealand , the Cabinet Secretary is part of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet , which provides assistance , coordination , and advice . The Cabinet Secretary also serves as Clerk of the Executive Council , the formal body on which Cabinet rests . The office of Cabinet Secretary is somewhat anomalous , by New Zealand standards , in that it is partly autonomous from the department to which it belongs . The role does not , however , have the broad powers given to its British equivalent & mdash ; for example , authority over the civil service is held by the State Services Commissioner , a separate official .
In the UK Government , the Cabinet Secretary , or more formally Secretary of the Cabinet , is the senior civil servant in charge of the Cabinet Office , the government department that provides administrative support to the Prime Minister , the Cabinet , and the government as a whole . The Prime Minister appoints the Cabinet Secretary with the advice of the retiring Cabinet Secretary and the First Civil Service Commissioner . [ http: // www . downingstreetsays . org / archives / 001665 . html ]
Since 1981 the position of Cabinet Secretary has been combined with the Head of the Home Civil Service , and in this role is responsible for all the civil servants of the various departments within government . In this role the Cabinet Secretary chairs the Permanent Secretaries Management Group ( PSMG ) which is the principle governing body of the civil service .
The responsibilities of the job vary from time to time and depend very much on the personal qualities of both the Prime Minister and Cabinet Secretary of the day . In most cases the true influence of the Cabinet Secretary extends far beyond administrative matters , and reaches to the very heart of the decision making process . For instance , the Cabinet Secretary is responsible for administering the Ministerial Code which governs the conduct of ministers ( also known as " the Rule Book " and formerly " Questions of Procedure for Ministers "). In this duty the Cabinet Secretary may be asked to investigate " leaks " within government , and enforce cabinet discipline . Unusually in a democracy , this gives the unelected Cabinet Secretary some authority over elected ministers ( a situation satirised in the BBC sitcom " Yes , Prime Minister "), although the constitutional authority of the Code is somewhat ambiguous .
The Cabinet Secretary also has some responsibility for overseeing the intelligence services and their relationship to the government . In Tony Blair ' s government , this responsibility was delegated to a Security and Intelligence Co - ordinator and Permanent Secretary , Sir David Omand , while the Cabinet Secretary , Sir Gus O ' Donnell , was asked to prioritize civil service reforms , including the expansion of e - government .
Following the 2007 General Election of the devolved Scottish Parliament , the new First Minister Alex Salmond restyled the Scottish Executive for his Scottish National Party ( SNP ) administration: The commonly - used term Scottish Government replaced the official legal term Scottish Executive in its own use , while members of the cabinet were retitled Cabinet Secretaries rather than Ministers , with sub - cabinet members being restyled Ministers rather than Deputy - Ministers . main | List of Scottish Executive ministerial teams
The position was created in 1919 and combined with that of Head of the Home Civil Service in 1981 . The holder retires at or slightly after the Civil Service retirement age of 60 and is now customarily created a life peer on retirement . * Colonel Maurice Hankey , later 1st Baron Hankey 1916 - 1938 * Sir Edward Bridges , later 1st Baron Bridges 1938 - 1946 * Sir Norman Brook , later 1st Baron Normanbrook 1947 - 1962 * Sir Burke Trend , later Baron Trend ( 1963 - 1973 ) * Sir John Hunt , later Baron Hunt of Tanworth ( 1973 - 1979 ) * Sir Robert Armstrong , now Baron Armstrong of Ilminster ( 1979 - 1988 ) * Sir Robin Butler , now Baron Butler of Brockwell ( 1988 - 1998 ) * Sir Richard Wilson , now Baron Wilson of Dinton ( 1998 - 2002 ) * Sir Andrew Turnbull , now Baron Turnbull of Enfield ( 2002 - 2005 ) * Sir Gus O ' Donnell ( 2005 -)
Additional Secretaries of the Cabinet
* General Sir Hastings Ismay 1945 ( Military ) * Sir Norman Brook 1945 - 1947 ( Civil )
In the United States , " Cabinet Secretary " can sometimes be used to refer to the head of an executive department , as these people are titled Secretary ( eg Secretary of State , Secretary of Defense , etc .) are members of the United States Cabinet . This usage is not official , and differs from the use in other countries .
Cabinet Secretary — Le Cabinet Secretary ( Secrétaire du Cabinet ), est le fonctionnaire supérieur le plus gradé chargé du Cabinet Office , qui apporte un soutien administratif au Premier Ministre , au Cabinet et au gouvernement britannique dans son ensemble . Il est … … Wikipédia en Français
cabinet secretary — cabinet minister , government advisor … English contemporary dictionary
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