COAT OF ARMS OF POLAND
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Coat of arms of LithuaniaThe coat of arms of Lithuania features an armoured knight on horseback, wielding a sword and carrying a shield with a Jagiellonian cross. This emblem is known as Vytis (pronounced ['vîːtɪs]). Since the early 15th century, it has served as the official coat of arms of Lithuania and stands among the oldest heraldic symbols in Europe. It is also referred to by different names across languages—for instance, Waykimas or Pagaunė in Lithuanian, and Pogonia, Pogoń, or Пагоня (Pahonia) in Polish and Belarusian, all roughly translating to "the Chase." The term Vytis itself can be interpreted as "Chaser," "Pursuer," "Knight," or "Horseman," bearing similarities to the Slavic vityaz, meaning a brave or valiant warrior. Historically, it has also been described as raitas senovės karžygys (a mounted hero of ancient times) or in heraldic terms, raitas valdovas (a mounted sovereign). The Lithuanian state was established by the pagan Lithuanians in response to the growing pressure from the Teutonic Order and the Swordbrothers, who had conquered present-day Estonia and Latvia and imposed Christianity by force. The Lithuanians stand out as the only Baltic people to have founded a state prior to the modern era. This external pressure propelled them to expand eastward, conquering vast areas that are now parts of Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia. This period of territorial expansion is symbolically captured by the image of the galloping knight in the Lithuanian coat of arms. Its use became even more widespread following the adoption of the Third Statute of Lithuania in 1588, which mandated that each county include the emblem on its official seal.. The horseback knight first appeared as a dynastic symbol of the Gediminid dynasty, representing the ruling family. In the early 15th century, Grand Duke Vytautas the Great formalized the image—a mounted knight against a red field—as the official coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was embraced also by noble families affiliated with the ruling lineage. The knight's shield was often adorned with the Columns of Gediminas or the Jagiellonian Double Cross, both symbols of dynastic heritage. Today, Article 15 of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, approved by national referendum in 1992, states: The Coat of Arms of the State shall be a white Vytis on a red field.
Coat of arms of PolandThe coat of arms of Poland is the heraldic symbol representing Poland. The current version was adopted in 1990. It is a white, crowned eagle with a golden beak and talons, on a red background. In Poland, the coat of arms as a whole is referred to as godło both in official documents and colloquial speech, despite the fact that other coats of arms are usually called a herb (e.g. the Nałęcz herb or the coat of arms of Finland). This stems from the fact that in Polish heraldry, the word godło (plural: godła) means only a heraldic charge (in this particular case a white crowned eagle) and not an entire coat of arms, but it is also an archaic word for a national symbol of any sort. In later legislation only the herb retained this designation; it is unknown why.
Coat of arms of UkraineThe coat of arms of Ukraine is a blue shield with a golden trident. It is colloquially known as the tryzub (Ukrainian: тризуб, pronounced [trɪˈzub], lit. 'trident'). The small coat of arms was officially adopted on 19 February 1992, while constitutional provisions exist for establishing the great coat of arms, which is not yet officially adopted as of March 2024. The small coat of arms was designed by Andriy Grechylo, Oleksii Kokhan, and Ivan Turetskyi. It appears on the presidential standard. Blue-coloured tridents are considered to be an irregular representation by the Ukrainian Heraldry Society. The greater coat of arms which has not been adopted consists of the small coat of arms and the coat of arms of the Zaporizhian Host (Constitution of Ukraine, Article 20). The trident was not thought of as a national symbol until 1917, when one of the most prominent Ukrainian historians, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, proposed to adopt it as a national symbol (alongside other variants, including an arbalest, a bow or a cossack carrying a musket, i.e. images that carried considerable historical and cultural and heraldic significance for Ukraine). On 25 February 1918, the Central Rada (parliament) adopted it as the coat of arms of the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic. During the Soviet period of 1919–1991 and independence between 1991 and 1992, the state symbols were consistent with the Russian SFSR and the Soviet Union – a hammer and sickle over the rising sun.
Coat of arms of WrocławThe coat of arms of Wrocław is divided into quarters. It dates back to 1530. The arms were approved by Emperor Charles V.
Coat of arms of RybnikThe coat of arms of the city of Rybnik in Poland consists of a blue shield bearing a white pike rising diagonally between two floral patterns. The arms are an example of canting arms, since ryb means "fish". This coat was adopted by the Rybnik City Council on November 20, 2000. A formal blazon in English is: Azure, a pike bendwise between two floral patterns of a water-nut, all argent.
Kościesza coat of armsKościesza (Strzegomia, Strzegomya) - is a Polish coat of arms used by szlachta families in the times of Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Coat of arms of Congress PolandCoat of arms of Congress Poland was the symbol of the Congress Poland, representing the domination of the Russian Empire over the Crown of the Polish Kingdom. It combined their previously separate coats of arms: The coat of arms was established after the creation of the Congress Poland in 1815; was modified in the years 1832, 1842 and 1858 and abolished in February 1869, as part of the process of depriving Congress Poland of autonomy and transforming into a regular province of the Russian Empire, the Privislinsky Krai.
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