CGP 7930

CGP 7930

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Ciprofloxacin thumbnail

Ciprofloxacin

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. This includes bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, certain types of infectious diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, typhoid fever, and urinary tract infections, among others. For some infections it is used in addition to other antibiotics. It can be taken by mouth, as eye drops, as ear drops, or intravenously. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Severe side effects include tendon rupture, hallucinations, and nerve damage. In people with myasthenia gravis, there is worsening muscle weakness. Rates of side effects appear to be higher than some groups of antibiotics such as cephalosporins but lower than others such as clindamycin. Studies in other animals raise concerns regarding use in pregnancy. No problems were identified, however, in the children of a small number of women who took the medication. It appears to be safe during breastfeeding. It is a second-generation fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of activity that usually results in the death of the bacteria. Ciprofloxacin was patented in 1980 and introduced by Bayer in 1987. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. The World Health Organization classifies ciprofloxacin as critically important for human medicine. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 181st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.

In connection with: Ciprofloxacin

Ciprofloxacin

Description combos: other joint diarrhea include include the classifies the 1987

Lemon balm thumbnail

Lemon balm

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) is a perennial herbaceous plant in the mint family. It has lemon-scented leaves, white or pale pink flowers, and contains essential oils and compounds like geranial and neral. It grows to a maximum height of 1 m (3+1⁄2 ft). The species is native to south-central Europe, the Mediterranean, Central Asia, and Iran, is now naturalized worldwide and grows easily from seed in rich, moist soil. The name Melissa officinalis comes from the Greek word for “honey bee,” due to the plant’s bee-attracting flowers, and the Latin officinalis, referring to its traditional use in apothecaries. It has been cultivated (and used to attract honey bees) since at least the 16th century. Lemon balm grows vigorously from seed or vegetative fragments in temperate zones, with key producers like Hungary, Egypt, and Italy cultivating various cultivars for hand-harvested leaves and low-yield essential oil, notably in Ireland. Lemon balm is used in Carmelite Water, as an ornamental plant, in perfumes and toothpaste, as a raw or cooked herb in various foods and teas, and is valued for its bee-attracting properties and aromatic essential oils.

In connection with: Lemon balm

Lemon

balm

Title combos: balm Lemon

Description combos: the essential geranial mint Melissa vigorously as has bee

Flumazenil thumbnail

Flumazenil

Flumazenil, also known as flumazepil, is a selective GABAA receptor antagonist administered via injection, otic insertion, or intranasally. Therapeutically, it acts as both an antagonist and antidote to benzodiazepines (particularly in cases of overdose), through competitive inhibition. It was first characterized in 1981, and was first marketed in 1987 by Hoffmann-La Roche under the trade name Anexate. However, it did not receive FDA approval until December 1991. The developer lost its exclusive patent rights in 2008 and generic formulations are available. Intravenous flumazenil is primarily used to treat benzodiazepine overdoses and to help reverse anesthesia. Administration of flumazenil by sublingual lozenge and topical cream has also been tested.

In connection with: Flumazenil

Flumazenil

Description combos: to via overdose under via under 2008 and injection

GABAergic

In molecular biology and physiology, something is GABAergic or GABAnergic if it pertains to or affects the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). For example, a synapse is GABAergic if it uses GABA as its neurotransmitter, and a GABAergic neuron produces GABA. A substance is GABAergic if it produces its effects via interactions with the GABA system, such as by stimulating or blocking neurotransmission. A GABAergic or GABAnergic agent is any chemical that modifies the effects of GABA in the body or brain. Some different classes of GABAergic drugs include agonists, antagonists, modulators, reuptake inhibitors and enzymes.

In connection with: GABAergic

GABAergic

Description combos: effects biology aminobutyric and neuron or pertains something molecular

CGP-7930 thumbnail

CGP-7930

CGP-7930 was the first positive allosteric modulator of GABAB receptors described in literature. CGP7930 is also a GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator and a blocker of Potassium channels. CGP7930 was developed in Novartis and has been used extensively for scientific research. It has anxiolytic effects in animal studies, and has a synergistic effect with GABAB agonists such as baclofen and GHB, as well as reducing self-administration of alcoholic drinks and cocaine. CNS Review:

In connection with: CGP-7930

CGP

7930

Title combos: 7930 CGP

Description combos: CGP7930 anxiolytic allosteric is extensively CGP with also as

CGP-35348 thumbnail

CGP-35348

CGP-35348 is a compound used in scientific research which acts as an antagonist at GABAB receptors. CGP-35348 was ineffective up to 100 μM to antagonize the inhibitory release of GABA elicited by baclofen, doing so selectively as a GABAB heteroreceptor antagonist. Moreover, CGP-35348 was about threefold less potent in antagonizing gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) than baclofen and SKF-97,541.

In connection with: CGP-35348

CGP

35348

Title combos: 35348 CGP

Description combos: 35348 release to as 35348 and GABAB than hydroxybutyrate

4-Fluorophenibut thumbnail

4-Fluorophenibut

4-Fluorophenibut (developmental code name CGP-11130; also known as β-(4-fluorophenyl)-γ-aminobutyric acid or β-(4-fluorophenyl)-GABA) is a GABAB receptor agonist which was never marketed. It is selective for the GABAB receptor over the GABAA receptor (IC50 = 1.70 μM and > 100 μM, respectively). The drug is a GABA analogue and is closely related to baclofen (β-(4-chlorophenyl)-GABA), tolibut (β-(4-methylphenyl)-GABA), and phenibut (β-phenyl-GABA). It is less potent as a GABAB receptor agonist than baclofen but more potent than phenibut. The substance is sometimes referred to as 4F-phenibut, F-phenibut, or baflofen, and colloquially as fluorobut.

In connection with: 4-Fluorophenibut

Fluorophenibut

Description combos: code phenyl chlorophenyl code developmental GABA related as than

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