C-More - Cold

C-More - Cold

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Sneezing, stuffy and runny nose? You might have a cold. Colds are one of the most frequent reasons for missed school and work. Every year, adults have an average of 2 to 3 colds, and children have even more.
Antibiotics do not work against viruses that cause colds and will not help you feel better.
More than 200 viruses can cause a cold, but rhinoviruses are the most common type. Viruses that cause colds can spread from person to person through the air and close personal contact.
Many factors can increase your risk of catching a cold, including:
Symptoms of a cold usually peak within 2 to 3 days and can include:
When viruses that cause colds first infect the nose and sinuses, the nose makes clear mucus. This helps wash the viruses from the nose and sinuses. After 2 or 3 days, mucus may change to a white, yellow, or green color. This is normal and does not mean you need an antibiotic.
Some symptoms, especially runny or stuffy nose and cough, can last for up to 10 to 14 days. Those symptoms should improve over time.
This list is not all-inclusive. Please see a doctor for any symptom that is severe or concerning.
Colds can have similar symptoms to flu . It can be difficult (or even impossible) to tell the difference between them based on symptoms alone. Learn more about differences between cold and flu.
When you have a cold, mucus fills your nose and could cause post-nasal drip, headache, and a sore throat.
baby icon Talk to a healthcare professional right away if your child is under 3 months old with a fever of 100.4 °F (38 °C) or higher.
Your doctor can determine if you have a cold by asking about symptoms and examining you. Your doctor may also need to order laboratory tests.
There is no cure for a cold. It will get better on its own—without antibiotics. Antibiotics won’t help you get better if you have a cold.
When antibiotics aren’t needed, they won’t help you, and their side effects could still cause harm. Side effects can range from mild reactions, like a rash, to more serious health problems. These problems can include severe allergic reactions, antibiotic-resistant infections and C. diff infection. C. diff causes diarrhea that can lead to severe colon damage and death.
Below are some ways you can feel better while your body fights off a cold:
Ask your doctor or pharmacist about over-the-counter medicines that can help you feel better. Always use over-the-counter medicines as directed. Remember, over-the-counter medicines may provide temporary relief of symptoms, but they will not cure your illness.
Carefully read and follow instructions on over-the-counter medicine product labels before giving medicines to children. Some over-the-counter medicines are not recommended for children of certain ages.
Ask your doctor or pharmacist about the right dosage of over-the-counter medicines for your child’s age and size. Also, tell your child’s doctor and pharmacist about all prescription and over-the-counter medicines they are taking.
You can help prevent colds by doing your best to stay healthy and keep others healthy, including:
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Vitamin C, Zinc, Echinacea May Help
Oct. 2, 2002 -- There is still no cure for the common cold, but as the season of sniffles and sneezes approaches are there any proven remedies to lessen the misery they bring? Do megadoses of vitamin C really help? How about echinacea and zinc?
Americans spend billions on the supplements each year, and while some studies have shown them to be effective for reducing the length or severity of colds , the evidence remains inconclusive.
It has been three decades since Nobel-prize winning chemist Linus Pauling told the world that megadoses of vitamin C prevented colds and lessened their severity. The latest study to weigh in on the issue found that people who took a patented form of vitamin C, known as Ester C, during cold season had fewer colds and less severe symptoms than those who took placebos.
There were 37 colds among the 84 study participants who took vitamin C, compared to 50 colds among an equal number of participants who took a placebo . The study was published last spring in the journal Advances in Therapy.
The findings contradict most studies conducted since Pauling published the book, Vitamin C and the Common Cold in 1997, Stephen Lawson of The Linus Pauling Institute tells WebMD. These studies did not find, as Pauling originally claimed, that vitamin C prevents colds from occurring.
"There is good evidence that large doses of vitamin C shorten the duration of the common cold by about a day and that symptoms are ameliorated," he says. "Some people say a one-day reduction is not meaningful, but if you think of it in terms of the entire population of the United States, you are talking about a substantial impact in terms of public health and economic consequences."
People with colds need to take 1,000 or 2,000 mg (1 or 2 grams) of vitamin C a day to gain a therapeutic effect, Lawson says.
Karla Birkholz, MD, tells WebMD there is little conclusive evidence regarding the effectiveness of vitamin C, the herbal supplement Echinacea, or zinc lozenges.
"We just don't know a lot," she says. "The early studies suggested that Echinacea had an antiviral effect, but newer, better-designed studies don't back that up. There is a little better evidence that zinc is effective for shortening the course of a cold, but again, it is inconclusive."
Like the vitamin C studies, those finding that Echinacea and zinc shorten the length of colds suggest a modest reduction of a day or so. And while all three supplements are touted as reducing cold symptoms , Birkholz says this is very difficult to prove in clinical studies.
"You can't really measure how sick you would have been without the treatment," she says. "But the bottom line is that these supplements appear to be safe, and they may do some good. We just don't know."
The Phoenix doctor says the best way to prevent a cold is to take good care of yourself during cold season. In other words, eat well, exercise, get enough sleep , don't smoke, and keep stress to a minimum.
She also recommends washing hands frequently, and sneezing into your arm, instead of your hand, to avoid spreading germs each time you touch something.
"It sounds kind of silly," she says. "But if you think about it, it makes perfect sense."
Different hues may affect your mood, diet, and more.
© 2005 - 2022 WebMD LLC. All rights reserved.
WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

Patrick | 18 November 2021 | Reading time 9 mins
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A new and comprehensive analysis of studies giving vitamin C What it does: Strengthens immune system – fights infections. Makes collagen, keeping bones, skin and joints firm and strong. Antioxidant, detoxifying pollutants and protecting against… confirms that supplementation does reduce the number of colds, the severity of symptoms and the duration – but it all depends on how much you take.
To C or not to C? That is the question and one that has been hotly debated in the context of killing colds. In 1970 twice Nobel prize winner Linus Pauling, who was my teacher and patron of the Institute for Optimum Nutrition, wrote a book on vitamin C What it does: Strengthens immune system – fights infections. Makes collagen, keeping bones, skin and joints firm and strong. Antioxidant, detoxifying pollutants and protecting against… and the common cold, arguing that us primates, like the guinea pig and fruit-eating bat, cannot make vitamin C and need much more when fighting an infection.
Following this book, between 1972 and 1975, five placebo controlled studies giving 2 or more grams of vitamin C were published. [1gram(g) = 1,000milligram(mg) ]. Pooling the results together, Professor Harri Hemila from the University of Helsinki showed that ‘there was very strong evidence that colds were shorter or less severe in the vitamin C groups’ thus confirming that Pauling was right.
But the medical establishment (aka big pharma) didn’t like this and soon two ‘reviews’ came out, by Chalmers and Dykes & Meier claiming no effect. The word went out – vitamin C doesn’t work. For example the American Medical Association officially stated “One of the most widely misused vitamins is ascorbic acid. There is no reliable evidence that large doses of ascorbic acid prevents colds or shorten their duration.” They had erroneously reached this assumption by reading only these reviews, both of which had serious flaws and errors in their calculations. The main flaw was that, by including very low dose studies, down to 25mg a day, and fudging the maths, they could eliminate a statistical effect.
We are deeply indebted to Professor Harri Hemila who published this year the most comprehensive review of all studies, including a clear exposé of the flaws that were used to falsely discredit vitamin C, to tell the whole truth, and nothing but the truth about vitamin C and colds.
That’s the politics so what are the facts? What do you need to do to kill a cold?
There’s no doubt that vitamin C is gold dust for your immune system. It boosts interferon , inhibits viruses multiplying and boosts the production of immune cells, including phagocytes which attack viruses, and white blood cells (leucocytes). It is also a neuraminidase inhibito r. This is the way the drug Tamiflu works. By inhibiting this enzyme viruses can’t get inside, and infect, healthy cells to take them over and become a virus factory. Vitamin C does all this and more.
When you’re under viral attack the level of vitamin C, which is highly concentrated in leucocytes, falls rapidly. Vitamin C is an antioxidant Antioxidants are substances that protect cells within the body from damage caused by free radicals. They help to strengthen the body’s ability to fight infection… and, under viral attack, the phagocytes start to release oxidants to help destroy the virus. But they also use up vitamin C. During a cold you need about 6 grams a day to stop this decline in leucocyte vitamin C levels according to a Scottish study .
While, overall, studies above 2 grams a day do work, the best results to date have been seen in two controlled trials giving 6 to 8 grams a day on the first day of a cold. These trials have also shown that the higher dose the greater the effect. The biggest and best study, by Anderson , reported that those taking vitamin C cut the duration, measured by days confined to home, by 30%. This reduction in duration increased to 46% for those who had contact with young children.
In a more recent study of students those given 1 gram of vitamin C every hour for six hours during the first day of a cold, reported 85% less cold symptoms than those taking decongestants and pain killers.
However, other studies giving lower doses of 1 gram or more have also shown a benefit in those more ‘stressed’. Five such studies– three on marathon runners, one on military personnel and one of schoolchildren in a Swiss skiing camp, all of which doing very stressful physical activity either in hot or cold conditions, had, overall half the incidence of colds. The likely explanation for this is simple. Exercise and hot/cold conditions generate more oxidants, which uses up vitamin C. The lower your levels to start with the more benefit you’re going to get, even at low doses. The same thing was found in British men. Four trials found that vitamin C decreased the incidence of colds by 30%. These studies were done in the ‘70’s or earlier when men in Britain consumed less vitamin C (up to 50mg on average) than today (average intake from diet is 100mg).
But is 6 to 8 grams enough? All studies to date have shown the higher the dose the greater the reduction in severity and duration of symptoms. So why not go higher? Case reports (not giving placebo but just variable doses of vitamin C to those with colds) have proposed that doses should be over 15 grams a day for the best effect.
This is certainly my experience. I take 2 or 3 grams immediately on the first signs of a cold and 1 gram an hour, or 2 grams every two hours, thereafter. That means I’m going to take in at least 10 to 25 grams in the first 24 hours of a cold. I have been doing this for 35 years and can only recall three bouts of flu which have lasted more than 48 hours. I have perhaps taken 2 days off in the last 35 years due to a cold or flu. Most people report colds lingering for a week or more.
Meanwhile, on a daily basis, it’s a good idea to take 1gram of vitamin C. I take two. A well designed study gave healthy me either 1gram of vitamin C or placebo over 8 weeks. For the whole group there were 7 reported colds in those taking vitamin C and 11 in those on placebo. Also, those taking vitamin C recovered more than twice as fast.
At the first signs of a cold take 2 grams immediately, then 1 gram an hour until the cold is gone (usually within 24 and often within 12 hours). You could take 2 grams every two hours, or even 3 grams every three hours (during the night, for example, this is more practical). The point is to keep drip feeding enough vitamin C into your bloodstream to keep the level consistently high. Vitamin C is in and out of the body in four to six hours. In case you’re worried vitamin C, in high doses, has been well proven to be non-toxic in both adults and children even if taken over many years.
However, you do get loose bowels. The best dose is the level just below ‘bowel tolerance’. Everyone is different in this respect to it’s best to just try it and find your own way. There is no harm in having high doses for a few days. When all symptoms are gone don’t suddenly cut it out completely. Have, for example, 4 grams spread out during the next day, then reduce to 2 grams a day, one in the morning and one in the afternoon.
Some vitamin C tablets contain other immune-friendly nutrients for extra effect (see below). These are best. You can use effervescent vitamin C but this becomes expensive at high dose and many are full of sugar. You can also buy pure ascorbic acid powder and mix with water and a little juice for taste, then drink throughout the day. It is better, again, to get a powder of alkaline balanced ascorbates, including zinc What it does: Component of over 200 enzymes in the body, essential for growth, important for healing, controls hormones, aids ability to cope with stress… ascorbate (see below) and black elderberry extract.
Zinc is an essential mineral that most of us are relatively deficient in. It is found in the ‘seeds’ of things – from eggs to nuts, seeds and beans. It is also high in meat and fish. The ideal intake is about 15mg a day. Most people achieve half of this only from diet. Thus a good daily multivitamin and mineral supplement should provide an additional 10mg to help ensure an optimal intake every day.
Zinc, in much higher doses of 50–100mg a day, has also proved to be significantly anti-viral reducing cold duration by a third. It is available in lozenges for coughs and colds, which help shorten a cold. Supplementing this amount of zinc has been shown to make the body’s T cells much more effective, hence boosting immunity. Some vitamin C supplements contain a small amount of zinc. For example, if one contains 1,000mg of vitamin C and 3mg of zinc, and you take 1 gram an hour, then you are going to be taking in close to 50mg over the 24 hours. This is effective.
Viruses get into body cells by puncturing their walls with tiny spikes made of a substance called hemagglutinin. According to research by virologist Madeleine Mumcuoglu, working with Dr Jean Linderman, who discovered interferon, an extract of elderberry disarms these spikes by binding to them and preventing them from penetrating the cell membrane. ‘This was the first discovery,’ said Mumcuoglu. ‘Later I found evidence that elderberry also fights flu virus in other ways.’ In a double-blind controlled trial she tested the effects of elderberry extract on people diagnosed with any one of a number of strains of flu virus. The results showed a significant improvement in symptoms – fever, cough, muscle pain – in 20% of patients within 24 hours, and in a further 73% of patients within 48 hours. After three days, 90% had complete relief of their symptoms compared to another group on a placebo, who took at least six days to recover. In another double-blind controlled trial , elderberry extract cut recovery time in those with influenza by four days. Some vitamin C tablets and powder contain black elderberry. If you are taking high doses this can get you up to the levels that work in clinical stud
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