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By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. To learn more, view our Privacy Policy. To browse Academia. Lane, P. Madry, A. Westin, and E. Natural and cultural heritage management is dependent on knowledge about present species and habitats and presence of cultural heritage sites, respectively. Knowledge about long-term development helps to identify factors explaining both biodiversity and cultural heritage and to predict future changes based on changes in, for example, climate or grazing regimes. In the present interdisciplinary study, vegetation surveys, pollen analysis from a bog and soil profiles within archaeological localities, archaeological test-excavations and historical data have been combined to elucidate cultural landscape development in an upland landscape of Erdalen in Stryn, western Norway. Activity in what is now the summer farm area started in the Bronze Age, followed by clearance and grazing in the Early Iron Age. After a period of reduced activity, most of the valley seems to have been utilised for summer farming in the Late Iron Age and first part of the Medieval Period. A regression period, probably related to the Black Death, is followed by new activity with extensive woodland clearings from the seventeenth century, whereas recent changes have resulted in increased tree cover. The investigations show a close relationship between land-use practices, presence of grassland species and vascular plant species richness. They also show the importance of continued management for existence of semi-natural habitats in the future, and for the visibility of archaeological sites. Keywords: archaeology; cultural landscape development; long-term ecology; habitat conservation; palaeoecology; summer farming. Garden history has primarily been studied in Finland through historical sources, with archaeology playing a lesser role, although its importance has been noted. The aims of this paper are to review garden archaeological research in Finland in the context of garden archaeology and garden history research in general, to demonstrate a selection of research methods in garden archaeology, and to present research results from the 19th century garden in Lahti in Finland. A garden is here defined as a bordered and cultivated area forming a specific ecological system, specific to the culture in question. Gardens have been reflections of their eras, economic situations, and climatic periods. They have influenced and been influenced by political power, the development of science, journeys of exploration, and globalisation. Many different historical sources, such as letters, accounts, maps, and paintings have been used to study garden history. Methods used in garden archaeology include non-destructive techniques, excavations, and various scientific methods. Although the Finnish examples of garden archaeology are limited, several Scandinavian and British examples prove that archaeology can be significant in garden history studies and the restoration of historic gardens. For example, evidence of gardening was found during archaeological excavations in at the historical village of Lahti in Finland. During these excavations, a vegetable garden with intact planting beds was found. The planting beds were studied archaeobotanically, but the results did not reveal either plant residues or visible fertilizers. The lack of information, concerning especially the oldest garden sites, presents a challenge for comprehensive interpretations. The problem could be solved at least partly through archaeological and archaeobotanical research. Garden history is such a wide field that all relevant disciplines and aspects should be involved in a collaboration to form a whole. The management of archaeological and historic environment assets increasingly articulates with other tools which seek to deliver more sustainable rural landscape management. We welcome papers which address some of the questions above, either through case studies on experiences, broader critical reflection on landscapes management policy and tools, or by exploring opportunities for future innovation. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 75, London u. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Archaeology, ecological history, and conservation Frances Hayashida. Hilpert, Landscape Archaeology.